GERMAN HIGHER COMMAND. SITUATION OF THE ALLIES.
BY THE TIMES "MILITARY CORRESPONDENT,
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 23ED, 1914.
But railways are soon repaired by armies, and if the winter is expected to check the Russiana the Gormans will have. a rough awakening Winter did not stop the Russian pursuit of Napoleon. It was in mid-winter and in the snows that the Russian colunins crossed the Balkans in After a month of severe and continuous the war of 1877-78. In a few weeks' Lime fighting the 10 Ayniy Corps which the the frost will render practicable the Kaiser rent to hack their way into Masurenland marshes, and in January Northern Franco have completely failed the rivers will be frozen too. The Russians to carry out their missie. They have are inured to winter campaigning and tried the Belgian, the Feuch, and heare hardier men than the Germans. They British fronts in turn, but after suffering have no intention of arresting their march terrible losses they have been thrown back from climatio considerations, and there with the gain of scarecly a mile of ground will be no winter quarters in the eastern By their second Hight to show for their immense and unparallel theatre of war. ed sacrifices. The exellent account byrom East Prussia the inhabitants show Bye-witness" of the attack of the what they think of the situation, and it Prussian Guard shows how the latest is probably true that German soldiers, German effort failed. The question is, having obtained a glimpse of the Russian what the German Command will do next? masses, know that the German Eastern What is the Gorinan Command? We Armies are outnumbered as well as out- know what it was in the days of the old fought. Emperor William Ile reigned, but Moltke governed. Plans were discussed before the Emperor, it is true, but Moltke always decided, and, thanks to the wise self-effacement of the Emperor, Moltke's orders and directions went out as Royal We always imagined that Coinmands. there would be trouble in the Main Head quarters if Germany went to war, and especially if she tried to fight on two fronts. The present Emperor's character is different from that of his grandfather, and, as for the new, Moltke, he has but litle of the great Moltke's ability and prestige, and nothing at all, of course, of his experience. There are also in the field whole retinues and cavalcades of Kings, Princes, and governors, all of them with their own ideas, and with special military confidants, who are probably occupied, after their manuer, in criticiz-if wo keep on hardening up our lines, ing the plans of their superiors and in demonstrating how much better they could do things themselves. Then there is the Chancellor in the field, the excellent von Jagow, and representatives of the State Departments, all of whom desire to have their word; and on the whole the Great General Staf is sincerely to be pitied, for it probably cannot call its soul its own,
We might do worse than stay where we are till the spring, harden up our defences, cover them with obstacles, and allow the Germans to continue their costly tactics as long as they please. We have been out- numbered partly because the Russian main armies have not hitherto come into play, and partly because Germany had long prepared, and neither we nor France were adequately prepared, for an offensive campaign. By General Joffre's admirable and prudent wrategy during the past two mouths we have worn out a large part of. the German troops, while we ourselves, and Francs also to a certain extent, have not yet been in a position to produce military form in proportion to our population and resources.
These things will change materially in the course of the next three months or so filling up the gaps, and increasing the umber of our heavy guns. Glad though wt shall be when France and Belgium aro cleared of the onemy, the Allies have the game in their hands if France and England continue to form a magnet for the German excel filings, and if Russia, steadily piling up her troops month by mouth, takes advantage of the false dirce stonewalling tactics of General Joffre.
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its plans upset and its designs frustrated by some impetuous improvisation on the part of some dignitary who may have temporarily captured the ear of the All- Highost. The Austro-German Command is suffering, as of yore, from too much Archduke, and is likely to suffer more as time goes on. An
FAILURES IN STRATEGY."""
German strategy has been poor. It was never long continued in one stay It has shown signs of diversified counsels. Except the original plan of concentration against France, prepared in a leisurely manner during peace, there has been no evidence of ability in the German Com- mand. It allowed it elf to be deprived of the fruits of initial success by the shrieks of the East Prussian magna (es. It failed to prevent the Austrian rout. It returned too late to its original place in the west, and has not, after three, and a half months of war, gained a single decisive victory anywhere, except in its bulletin. All its anticipations have been falsified by the results. It has still the bulk of its active troops clawing and biting at the Allies in the west ata moment. when the main and unbeaten Russian Armies, in numbers unparalleled in modern war, are massed upon the eastern frontiers of Germany with the will and the means to traverse them.
Moltke the great Moltke-would be back on the Rhine in the west, but such a decision is not to be expected of the present! Gorman Command, which is mainly governed by military pride. It will go back to the Rhine when it is obliged, and It dares not evacuate not before. Belgium, even though Silesia be humming with Cossack swarms. It regards Belgium as a magnificent conquest; and while it is. alone in this eonception, it will never admit, by a retreat, that its whole strategy is bankrapt. So the long line 300 miles. and more will be maintained, and on this immense front in the west military Germany will dash and break its best and then its worst troops until they are exhausted. When. the Froobajensky Guards are approaching Potsdam and, some Cossack Ataman is riding through the Brandenburg Gate, the ultimate German schoolboys and old men of the Landsturm will still be found breaking their necks upon the granite lines of the Western Allies.
They tell theres
me
VAN HOUTENS COCOA
for Breakfast
I say
CPE04
1041-8-1
KEATINGS LOZENGES
cure the worsi Cough A
The offensive? Why should we take it APIOLINE
The present arrangement suits us very well. The more the merrier in the West, and cach new Army Corps that comes from Germany to try its luck in Flanders is one corps the less at the decisive point. The present line is longer than any we can invent without stepping into the sea, and the longer the line the greater must be the German farce, and the greater also German exhaustion. A German retreat to Antwerp, Namur, and the line of the. Mouso would moan E shorter line. Shorter, again, would be the line of the Rhine, with the lower reaches withheld from us by a German-defended-line from Aix-la-Chapelle to Cologne, such as has We are better zlready been propared. where we are, leaving to the Germans the choice between attrition in attack and Our latest ally— derision in retreat. German Pride-is a very stout fellow, and wo are much beholden to him. Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria is his aide-de-camp for the moment, and to him also our
These solid, grateful thanks are due. friends of ours should both be gazetted á la suite of General Joffre.
THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE.
Without counting too much on Russian" support, we must, of course, take count of the castern campaign in our plans. For asons which the writer has already stated the Russian advanco cannot for the moment be rapid. Great armies in these days are dependent upon railways, and the systematic destruction of all means of communication by the Germans in their votreat from Poland recessarily delays the Russian advance It was necessary in German interest to do something to delay the Russians, for these had pushed the two northern German armies off their line of communications and sway to the south- west, and it has been only by the help of the Silesian railways that the German defensive line has been restored.
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WEATHER REPORT,
On the 2nd at 1855 - The anti-syolone hargaand into the Pacific.
Pressure has Inorcased moderately at Wel- halwod and Vladivostock wing to the formation :- of a new antiojolone over N Chins and S Mongolia.
A depression is still show over Hokkaido. Fressure is low over the Eastern Ses and over Indo-Ohlas. Gradients over the China Be are shallow.
Hongkong rainfall for the 24 hours ending at 110 mm; to-day, 000 inches,
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SOUND VOLUMES o" the HONGKONG
WEEKLY PRESS. JANUARY to Jus
to-day, as follows i
The forecast for the 24 hours ending si noes
FORECAST
Light, variable
windo, freshen
hongkong & Neighbourlcoding Ister from
Formes Channel:
Nolondy ad
misty.
The game na
No. $
South coast of Chins between ( The same as
Hongkong and Lamdeka.
No: L South coast of China between The same No. L
Hongkong and Hainan...
COAST METEOROLOGICAL
CHINA COAST
REGISTER
SSED DECEMBER, 1914, A.M.
Station
Hour,
Temperature.
-ata Ben · Lovel,
2 Humidity.
713037 51
***** 5 * 29.13
Vladvostook Nemar Hakodate Tokio
Kochi To.......... Nagasaki Kagoshima Onlizam Nahi labi'jma PIENI Bonin Is Chafoo Wathaiwel Hankow Ichang
Kinking ra Changaha
Shanghai Gratulait
Sharp Leak... Amoy
Swatow
Taihoka
Tainan
Kochan
Pescadores
29.90
6s 2992
3..03 62
30.00
19.9
Canton 66,299 Hongkong
Gap Book
Masso
· matetett:
Wiskowemun Holbow Pakhoi....
Phulien
Cape St. James Aparri H Manila
Legaspi
Hollo? Bacolod
Coby......
Labuan..
29.93 28.91
Wind
Westbir
xxx, 0.1
NA
T. F. CLAXTON, Direstor
1- HANOMETES, reduced to us degrees Febrezkélk
on the level of the saw in loolies, tenths and hundredths.
2 Tempraruke, In the shade,
8 HUMIDITY, in percentage of saturation, aumidity of air maturated with moisture being: 100,"
* DIRECTION OF WIRD, to two pointa ya
5 FORUE OF WIND, according to Beaufort Beale, 8 BTATE OF WEATER, b blue sky, o detached load, & drianling rain, fog, g gloomy, hb3) lighting, opvaroast, p passing showere, 4-kjual, e tain, a know, i thunder, v visibility, w dow swell
7 Bam in inchos, t testin and hand-båthr -
HONGKONG METEOROLOGICAL-
··REGISTER.
Hongkong Observatory, December 2240 21
Previous On Date On Date
Dayat
at 1 pm 6 BL
2pm.
29.96 29.97
29.91
Barometer radar Temperature Humidity..... 87
Inst Wind Direction .... Forca
4 Weather
65 98 Best NW
2 of
13
86
Bain
Highest open sir Temperature on 21st .: 69 Lowest open air Temperature on Zist
Wed
HONGKONG TIDE TABLE.
From 3rd to 29th December, 1914.
HIGH WATER
Height
H'kong,
Mean
Time
b. m.
ftin.
62
LOW WATBE.
H'kong.
Mean
Time
1. 1.
It is.
19
23m 0.37. b6m 8 11
3.39 a 4-7 16:443-4-3 Churs 24 m 1 425 9 B.59
·4.25 a 508.54 à 4 Fri
25
85 2m 9.46 2 5 5 5 4 11 8 3atur. 26 m 4 42 4 7 m 10:30
5:33 a 5 7 BOL 27 m 6 10 | 4 4 m 0.17 34 66a6-1'im:11:19 32 Iden 23 7 25 4m 1 15 6 318 65 m-11:46 29 8 31 4 1 6.56 N 6 W
Fuss.
34
32 0
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OF
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