1940-10-25 — Page 19

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October 25, 1940.

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MAGAZINE PAGE

The Fifth Column

4 How Germany Bought Friends

By Col. William J. Donovan and Edgar Mowrer Since we must ascribe a huge share in Adolf Hitler's incomparable military successes to his use of Germans and "fifth columnists" How in victim countries, the question arises:

How are Ger- . was such a success possible? mans abroad brought to such self-sacrificing enthusiasm for the Nazi regime? How above all can foreigners living under relatively mild and civilised governments be induced volun- tarily to betray their own countries for Hitler's Germany? It seems mysterious.

The answer is £40,000,- 000 spent annually on or- ganisation and 'propa- · ganda abroad. The im- mensity of this sum is the secret. Nazi Germany is not a government — not even a "folkdom" of the sort Nazi orators talk about. Nazi Germany is a conspiracy. Its scope is universal and its aim Its world domination.

as primary agents tre many of the millions of Germans in Germany, and abroad, as can be induced or compelled to serve the German Fatherland.

Its activities begin with at- templed proselyting of Ger- nans abroad, go on to the murder and kidnapping of real or fancied enemies, and end in armed insurrection against the foreign country Hitler wishes to conquer or absorb. Such insurrections of Ger- in mans actually occurred Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Holland. But for the firm attitude of the United States such an insurrection would. many students believe, have occurred in Brazil,

That the Germans abroad are usually "turalized" into something else is no hin- drance. Pre- war Imperial the Germany sanctioned "double nationality status" ~ Germans could, that is, be- come French or American or Portuguese without losing their German nationality. The Weimar Republic did not alter this strange conception and Nazi Germany has made it the centre of its "Trojan Horse" tactics of placing Ger- mans within the enemy walls.

It is safe to say that a very fair proportion of the non- refugee Germans who have become American since Hitler came to power did so with the secret intention of turning free and democratic America into "their"-that is, Hitler's

America.

Children of Germans natur- alized half a century ago are still counted German by Ber. lin and every effort is made to convince them of the fact. Naturally, the Nazis accept traitors ns allies wherever they can find them, and wel- come tho assistant of non- Nordica.

But peoples racially akin to Germans-Scandinavians, Dutch, Flemings, German- speaking Swiss, even Anglo- Saxons are made the object of special proselyting as be longing to the "same blood," These form the material with

which the Nazi world con. spiracy chiefly attempts to work.

The centre is the Nazi party. The tool is the Aus- lands-Organisation (or "or- ganisation abroad") of this party. To-day this organisa- tion of Germans abroad has nearly 4,000,000 members, all of whom are conscious agents. Over 600 local groups or "sup- porting points" are organised in 45 or more "landesgruppen" -one in each country.

The headquarters is in Stuttgart, but all the groups are directed by a single man in Berlin, Gauleiter Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, with some 800 assistants. Technically Bohle is a "state secretary" in the German foreign office.

Where the local branches dare not appear under their true colours, they take on

Daines-in fancy "fron Rumania the

Guard," TE Switzerland "True Confederates," in the United States "Amerika- deutscher Volksbund,

But everywhere, whether the members are Germans, naturalized Gennans or non-Germans, the aim Is the same, to achieve Hitler's end by trickery or terror; the organis- ing principle is the same, with SA and Hitler Youth and Hitler sport, marching, rimblems, ruthless dis- of cipline, ceremonies in honour Nazi heroes ar Hitler's birthday 'partles; and in case of war they would all be on Germany's side.

In true of peace they make fists. of Hitler's enemies, who are mark-

for murder or kidnapping down to Germany and torture when the

treal shy comes,

c'e

Organized Germans abroad are publicly told to obey the laws of but at the Dhweiz guest-country” saint time urged to "convince every uulsider of the necessity of the

Nazt victory." The Germany's Porty Auslands-Organisation is by no means the only entity that works for Hiller cutalde Germany.

There are in fact no less than seven others. The political police or Gestapo, the Propaganda. Mis- try of Dr. Paul Goebbels, the Ger man Labour Front, the Intelligence: services of the Germany Army, of the German Navy and of the Ger- zara ir arm, and finally the Ger- mn Foreight Ofice with its en- barsles and consulates all over, the world.

Together these eight organisa- tions spend on propaganda, espion- age and

sabotage roughly about £40,000,000 a year. It seems a lot of money but Hiler has pu- intention of blicly expressed his keeping this service at full blast even if it means fewers infantry divisions in the army.

•

When one considers that this combined service, with its 30,000 employees can pro- bably claim credit for the ense of Hitler's many victories, it is obvious that the same re- sult could hardly be obtained 80 cheaply in any other way, The German foreign office thus han two frons in the fire abroad, One is the millions of Clermons in Bohle's Auslands-Organisation; the

the German diplcnnts. other, abroad,

By noticing that on the whole the German government has four or five times as many "accredited"

WITH A BRITISH FIGHTER SQUADRON

Fighter Squadrons of the Royal Air Force are constantly on watch and ready to take off at a moment's notice to intercept enemy raiders.

1. Pilots, already, wearing their pneumatic life-belts as a precaution against descent in the sea, playing, shove ha'penny and darts while standing by for an urgent call.

2. As soon as a machine returns to its base the machine guns are re-loaded with am-

munition in readiness for the next call.

3.

4.

-

Hurricane fighters flying in formation.

Hurricane fighters being re-fuelled immediately on return to their base so that all aircraft are at once ready when again required.

diplomats and consular agents in each post as any other country, one can perhaps guess the type of ac- tivity of four-fifths of them.

Often they publicly mix in the to which policy of the countries they are accredited. Thus the fam- ous Captain Weidemann, general consul

souren! can meet. but they also watch over German radio pro- grains.

Special attention is given to win- ning over possible Nazi friends on the local press and combating or bring into disrepute newspapers that uppose Hi- tal periodicals

ler: San Francisco, was pub licly congratulated by order of the Fuehrer in Berim for his work

preventing the American Senate from sweeping Reasevelt's modilled neutrality legislation in July, 1939.

The Gernum Gestapo of Heinrich Himmler, whose ruthless efficiency surpasses even the Russian Ognil. 5000 agents employs only about abrand. One of its special tasks is refugee German

ver

The intelligence services of the watts, but it does not acorn to

German army, navy and air am are not much different from those in other countries, with the possi- ble exception that the German in the Prinz Army maintains, Friedrich Karl Strasse in Berlin, a "psychological laboratory."

The heads are (or

Colonel

Von Voss and for wrungsrat

Max Simpnelt. A secret section bears

"International the utle Psychology. Here are trained not only the military spies but the Gestapo and party agents especini- ly designated for service abroad.

or

Members of the German la- bour Front who go abroad to work have the duty of report- ing anything of Interest they may see' or learn in foreign ships, shops, factories other places.

Furthermore since 1038 there "Interna- exists in Homburg an tion central office," where Germans and Holinna work together against trade unions, particularly in de- mocratic countries and support any movement against organised la-

bour.

Particularly important, notably in countries like the third French Re- public, is the work of the press taches in the German Embassies and consulates. Not only do they ace that the 1.700 German language newspapers outside Germany (to- tal circulation 3.000.000) are sup- plied with interesting mntorial of all Boris at the price no other

cast an eye even on Nazis in good standing, some of whom have been known to spealt slightingly of the Fuchrer or to express a passing wish for greater personal freedom. Therefore the or more agents can be found in every German Consulate or Embassy abroad. good angler can manage to locate others in the larger German com- mercial enterprises, such as ship- ping or oil companies.

the

A

ID

agencies addition to already mentioned, there exists n colonial political department hend- ed by General Franz Ritter von EPP

Hitler's special friend, which carries on a lively pro-Nazi pro- former Gerinun pazanda in the colonies and among Gormann in colonies of other countries,

4

Although thore is some doubt, presumably it is the Gestapo that picks out special agents for particular jobs in countries that happen at a particular moment to. Interest Rumour the Nazis mont. speaks of a high-cinea German technician who managed to find a relatively insignificant job in an American broadcast- Broadcasting ing company, plays a great role in German Bny life.

There is no claim that this den- cription of the German propaganda

service is complete. Conceivably there exist other even inore interesting services. But this much should make it clear why Adolf Hitler has been so success- ful in utilizing Germans abroad and creating 8fth columns among his enemies,

Thanks to the pains taken and the money spent, Hitler has in near- ly every country been able to do considerably in breaking down the

anst mornic

enlisting national traitors.

One particularly good dodge in. most places is the creation of two Nazi organizatious, one of which acts in a strictly legal way. Another (until It was found out) was the use of German servant Kiria.

Dutch employers ut a particular-

cook were ly "dumb" Gennan surprised to hear her converting in the kitchen with a perfect airanger In fluent Oxford English. She was dismissed-and took with her the more important family papers.

German exchange students, care- fully schooled in espionage and collected no end of formation

in Switzerland, Strength-through-joy

tourials carefully mapped Poland for the Releliswehr, it must always be remembered that no German receives police permission to leave the Reich, regardless of the motives,. until he or she promises to report everything seen and heard abroad. Each must declaro his address to the nearest Nazi official and keep In touch with him 10 for an elrcumstances permit.

In the United States an organization of Nazis is being trained in arms. As matters now stand, it is conceivable that the United States possesses the finest Nazi- achooled fifth column in the world, one which in case of war with Germany could be our undoing.

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