1940-10-25 — Page 20

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HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

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October 25, 1940.

CO-OPERATIVE

Dull in recital but dramatic in fact is the won- derful story of the Chinese Co-operatives. Euro- peans and Chinese are collaborating with unex- celled eagerness in bringing to success a gigantic gamble--the transformation of the Chinese age- old system of independent enterprise to meet the needs of the nation in its most trying time.

This article is written especially for the "Hongkong clean the windows and polish Telegraph" by Dr. Chen Han-seng who is in Hongkong in his capacity of Honorary Secretary of the International Committee for the C.I.C. and the Productive Relief Fund. When you read of the progress that China has made you will realise why it is possible for a nation which has faced annihilation steadfastly as "We China has done-as Britain has done, to say: shall go on.

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By CHEN HAN-SENG

Hon. Secretary, International Committee for Chinese Industrial Co-operatives, Productive Relief Fund)

FUTURE

A primitive oll-pressing co-operative, in Szechuan.

The almost up-to-date statis- have well passed the figure of tics, published by the Central 110,000, with a total member-

ship of nearly six million.

not only to increase production low subsistence level, and in Co-operative Administration, in

The co-operative movement in but also to improve in the mean- some places even worse than Chungking, reveal a certain pro- China is a matter of recent his time the livelihood of the pro- before the war. In these places. credit co-operatives have been gress of the co-operative move- tory. The idea was first popu- ducers. ment in China. Detailed figures larised during the student move-

1919. in

Born 19 2 The new industrial co-opera- comparatively thriving, but ren! pertaining to fifteen provinces ment

movement when the China In- tives have administered produc- industrial co-operatives. have are now available. These pro- ternational Famine Relief Com-

to the refugees of not the slightest chance to the vinces fairly represent the whole mission set up credit co-opera- live relief

tives in Hopei, it did not assume war, and have sent a considera- even surface root. country.

national scope until after the ble number of young men and

in the Yangtse

Hongkong Telegraph. there are

Friday, Oct. 25, 1940.

Wyndham St., Hongkong. Telephone: 26615

THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the Hongkong Telegraph to Indicate news which is alrietly copyright under the provision of the Telecommand- cations Ordinance, 1910. Auch new as hears, the indication "UP" is received in Bangkong on the date of publication by

serve all rights and forbid republication. elther wholly or in part without previous arrangement

TOO ONE-SIDED

IT is now some weeks since the Canton River was closed for the last time, the reason then being the prevalence of cholera.

as subsidiary. It is a little old to revive the Canton-Kow. loon railway story; a dead loss as far as the owners go for nearly two years. Our air ser- vices, which used to number five, are sadly depleted and are not running on regular routes or schedule.

the recent Reven

Among the youth of Chinn

mono-

To the west and southwest great flood

women, already thrown out of Szerau. Sikong, Valley in 1932.

the, sphere of production, to the During

are many en- Kweichow, Kwang and Yun-

fence. In a way these co-opera- thusiastic co-operative-minded To the northwest there years, relief organisation, Pro- Economic line of national de to-day, there

vincial Reconstruction Bureaus, lives for production, semi-handi- nat. are Shansi and Kansu. In cen- Agricultural Credit Administra-

war poly of middlemen and mer- heen the result of the tral China there are Henan, tion, Central and Provincial Craft and semi-machine, have people. Detesting the

and Commissions Economic

blockade. They attempt to chants and revolting against the Kiangsi and large Chinese Banks, have one Hopei, Hunan, Anhwei. The coastal provinces and all accelerated the work of improve in equipment and tech- oppression of feudalistic in- The nique and to turn out commodi fluences, they tend to think that credit. extension.

answer the need of a co-operatives are the panacea are represented by Kwangtung, rural

of China's problem. Most of hungry market in China,

What have hot been included

omitted are the 2,000 co-opera-

cent.

sion.

** *

never

the United Press Associations, who re- Fukien and Chekiang. Within primary form of such credit ties to

the past year the total number extension has always been cre-

dit co-operatives.

The co-operatives under the them, however, are what we of co-operatives in these fifteen

C.I.C. are not relief organisa- might call nominalists and not According to the official state- tions pure and simple, but realists. provinces has intereased from a

Walle they assiduously keep to the little over 53,000 to something ment, given by the Central nevertheless they represent dis-

Administration,

work, form of co-operatives, they concede like 82,000. The present totul Co-operative

tinct type of relief

elements of the reactionary mos! membership has reached 1,200,- more than 88 per cent of the Though they have workshops and conciliate unconsciously with the

co-operatives are credit

Co- and even small factories, they focnity until the spirit of co-opora- 1000.

kind of tives no longer exists. Indeed, in operatives, Productive co-opera- are not the ordinary tires, including the CLC. workshops and factories. The many cases, the co-operatives. have in the above statistics are more amount to a little over 8 per very process of organisation and been born. All this is because

the co-operators have It is a fortnight since Indo-than 26,000 miscellaneous or- Marketing co-operatives the nature of administration of thoroughly understood the real socint China and Hongkong direct |ganisations of a co-operative

All other the co-op. units are essentially relations of the community and their -Even from the significante. Lack of such under- not guarding against traffic ceased and the expensive nature. Nor have the 13,000 are below 2 per cent,

utility and consumers', total and inconvenient trans-shipment co-operatives in the guerilla war -operatives, such as supply; democratic.

of Kiangsu, Shantung around one per cent.

It is clear viewpoint of credit extension standing and

compromise with the gentry which port has now been introduced area

co-operatives are speils productive

suicide these co-operators Shunsi, Hope, Chahar, and Sui- then that the major part of the and capital investment, these the most stural slip-unwarranted been. included. Also Chinese co-operatives, is syno- different from the simple type have succeeded only in building up "a"new-form-of-exploitation on behalf yuan-

of the backward and reactionary tives organised by the Chinese mous with rural credit exten- of credit co-operatives.

In short, the units of the people. Industrial Co-operatives, or the

C.L.C. are organisations of the Those genuine and faithful C.1.C.

as operators who are not responsible for It is safe to estimate, there- The C.LC., as a movement, producers themselves, and fore, that the grand total of has injected new blood, blood they and the organisation are the inception or the result of such and the same thing, the fatures, find themselves in a virtual labyrinth of difficulties. No sooner Is China must of a suitable type, into the body one co-operatives in

C.I.C. does not contain a parti- one thorny problem solved than the of the Chinese co-operatives. the of the idea of anti-produc- next one crops up, leaving the pri This type of industrial co-opera- All these things could be ex-

Centry. pected if this Colony was the pear that the Foreign Omce and ant tives may prove to be the most tion. Owing to numerous dif- mery source of such troubles un-

Inbour are still too few to bring about position, gripped by

steered at by the cunning merchants. centre of hostilities; the fact is the local Government was respon-effective instrument in mobi- ficuities, however, these units tackled. Soon they are in

sible for the conflicting reports publising

tional economy. As yet, the peasant population which they wish that fighting has seldom come shed about Hongkong's position in power and utilising the almost an appreciable change in our na ant even criticised and cursed by in the end, of course, they Average monthly total produc- to serve. near enough to our borders toelation to that agreement. If we limitless resources of China.

to accede again to the Japanese t cause more than a temporary interpretation of the agreement, then While the credit co-operatives tion of the C.I.C. only amounts become pessimistic and resign from

The let us get something hack for it. It have as their chief aim, rural to something over nine million their posts.

Among other defects in the pre- interruption of services. answer is that we have allowed is all very well to work fur pence,

but that peace will do us no good investment and safe interest re- Chinese dollars. The

standing me is an excessive amount turn, the C.1.C.'s sole desire is dities of the C.I.C. are far from sent co-operative movement, an out- ourselves to be compressed more it is to he so very one-sided.

suflicient to allay the surging of bureaucratic red tape which finally 110) more than FUNNY SIDE UP ritory. With threats or the appearance of with #21 occasional threats; shooting here and there, mostly mistake, through somebody's

KOWLOON CRICKET CLUB and more within our actual ter-

in aid of the

South China Morning Post BOMBER FUND

on FRIDAY, SATURDAY and SUNDAY 15th, 16th and 17th November at 9.15 p.m.

Tickets: $3.00, $2.00 and $1.00. Booking now open at the K. C. C. and Mes. MOUTRIE & Co., Ltd.

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the lucrative channels through which flowed the wealth of this entrepot port have been dammed up one by one until we have in- voluntarily acquired the condi- tions of a partial blockade.

The reason for this unfortunate state of affairs would seem to be Opportunist bargaining on our side. In response to Japanese requests accompli the fait and in the face we have had to accept certain con- ditions of trading in

In the Canton River, we have had to close the mail- way, we have even restricted the movement of articles which the. Japanese claim to be in the muni- tions class, within our own border. We have abandoned, temporarily at least, the use of landing grounds In French Indo-Chinn which we used harmoniously before the Japanese entered there. On our own initiative we suspended eleurance orders to Indo-China.

Whenever such important conces- slons are made there must be some return. Those responsible for govern ing

such inatters can, justly we think, be accused of timidity in the face of things to-day when we find that despite our deference to the wishes of a Japan engaged in

in at- tempting to suffocate China at our doorstep she has not lifted the ban on Hongkong, neltlier has abe granted one of the trading rights which hor precarious occupation of the south look away from our business houses. The Burma Road agreement i

still under discussion. It would ap-

| Cope, 1946 by Onlšač Poštro #podiecka, Inc.

the

supreme

commo-

the

£0-

baffled

By Abner Dean wave of incoming foreign, smug- reduces co-operative administration

"I don't mind you redding over my shoulder, lady

but please stop clipping things for your scrapbook!"

to

Lo more forms of officialdom. Ori- gled goods.

ginally, the polley was and still is There are many places in aflise political ministrative power te remove local obstacles in order to China which the invaders once cilitate the ru-operative mavement. occupied but from where they in many cases, however, when this have now withdrawn or been

the organisers often adopt com- driven out. Rapacious officinis as not been correctly pur- and rotten gentry, to a large pulsory or semi-compulsory methods in force the people to join co-opera- extent, have been wiped out.. lives. The Inevitable result

A

new local administration turn the co-operative vincint administration. has been born. In this healthy

Is to into a mort

atmosphere, productive Co- operatives are much more easily formed, credit co-operatives ure Reviewing the brief history of much more genuine in nature, Chinese co-operatives, one must to the conclusion that and the co-operative members come

are much quicker to realise the many of the above discussed de- true nim and significance of the fects must be eliminated before movement:

a healthy system of rural credit

Still there are other places extension can be promoted and where no Invasion has taken before a permanent increase of place but where the local ad- production, both agricultural ministrative structure has hot and industrial, in the villages been reformed. In such locali can be expected.

tics, those whose economic sta- All in all, to eliminate the present tus is above the middleclass, salient defects, there must be a de- especially the merchants who mocratic system of local government smuggle, have become richer or which alone can serve as the gunran lor of the progress of this movement. at least more well-to-do than in in other words, If stands to reason pre-war, days. On the other that when a very small minority has hand, the scissor-liko Indices of in its grip all the political and econo. the relatively decreasing agri- mic power and influence, the min- jority of rural people who are the cultural prices and the relative- puor peasants and the hired peasants. ly increasing industrial prices are not able to knock at the door of have reflected a condition in the co-operatives, let alone gain un structure of which a large number of land- entrance. Democratle

the Chinere village, which in yet to less and tool-loss smail and poor be achieved, will decide, the future peasants still live a life for be of the Chinese co-operativer.

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