1940-09-11 — Page 11

DONALD DUCK

DOGGONE WHY DON'T THEY MAKE THESE BIGGER?

8-5

Copr. 1940, Wala Daner Produce

Wednesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

MAGAZINE

Air War is Fought Five Miles

up

THE higher the safer" is an old flying maxim to

which added point is lent in wartime when the attainment of great height may often prove an air- craft's best means of evading unwelcome attention from the ground defences while flying above enemy territory.

But the great heights at Lainable by modern aircraft bring their own problems in flying and lighting.

Heights of three and four miles

earth above the

frequently reached by bomber aircraft of the Royal Air Force in the course of their fights into the heart of Ger- mite the Ove many, while even mark does not represent the "cell- Ing" to which die Infest types of R.A.F. fighter craft an altain in search of the enemy.

At such immense heights, when shrinks to the the earth below

And proportions of a relief

in

the

nap Islanda resemble rocks ovash the tide,

nirman iles in a In strange new world of space,

conditions for this lonely arena both men and machine are far dif- ferent from those prevailing at Jower levels and must be met by precautions as essential to the pre- servation of fe us these of a diver preparing to descend into the ocean depths.

Agonies of Cold

The extreme cold and the rare- fed air of high altitudes are the two

the frum greatest dangers

night standpoint. On physical flight over Germany during recent weeks bomber crews, flying high. have reported temperatures as low as 54 degrees (Fularenbelt)

uf

front and the formation of layers of fee on the cockpil floor inside the aircraft

On spother Occasion the air gunner of twin-engined bomber, flying at 20,000 feet over a German naval base, momentarily removed his gloves to manipulate his wire- less key.

Ile was so severely frost-bitten that it became necessary Inter 10 amputate the top joinia of all four Angers of one hand.

For protection against such in- tense cold the airman relies solely fur-lined warm clothing: upon boots reaching above the knee, fur- lined overalls, a close-fitting fly- heavy Ing-helmet and a pair of

A thin gloves, usually wom over silken par to serve as insulation

ainst the cold Electrically-seated flying-clothes, in which heating elements were the lining of a light- sewn into

weight suit und connected by a length of flex To the bircraft's electrirni system, are no longer generally employed in the Royal Au Fore

In the event of the fullure of the electrical supply at high altitudes, the entire crew would Immediately be deprived of their sole protection against the cold

Not ali A.F. aircraft are tied with enbin-henting equipment and though the single-engined aircraft pilot derives a certain amount of hent from the power-plant imine- diately in front of him, the crew of the Kaulti-motored bamber. whose engines are mounted out on the winge some distance from the fuselage, bave no such comfort.

Men Must Breathe

Ja

AS height increases air pressure becomes less dense and the atmos- phere progressively more rarified. The effect of this dimulion the oxygen raatent of the air in felt at different heights according to the physique of the lodividual

point close by and is thus directly connected to the source of supply. The length of the tubing allows freedom movement and, in the case of the air gunner, permits him lo stand up and manipulate his

oxygen point.

#117 white still attached to his

Just before the aircraft leaves

The The groand

Taps of all the oxygen bottles are turned full on and when the 10,000 Jeet mark been renched the crew who, meanwhile, have been breathing through tlie alt holen In their masks, open their individual con- trol valves suficiently to allow the constant emlesion of a slight quan- tity of the gas.

With each 1,000 feet increase in height the valve opening is slight- By increased and the rate of supply quickened until, when the aircraft

reached 11s "celling." the oxygen la being delivered through the muska at maximtum pressure.

Provided this procedure is rigid- ly adhered to and the supply rate stendily Increased むき height is Kuined a normal crew will experi- ence ill-effects and little dis- comfort at height as greal na four and Ave miles above the earth.

Above 33,000 feet huwever, the kow pressure of the atmosphere mke breathing, even with the uid of an uxygen-mask, impossible and It then becomes necessary to en- Care the airman In an airtight "pressure" Buif. resembling ቶኒ diver's outfit, inside which a pre- determined pressure, sufficient to permit of the inhalation of oxygen, can be maintained.

An Altitude Adventure

MILITARY ntreraft,

however, seldom attain heighis greater than about 30,000 feet. At the great Some pilot experience no dis-

altitudes the airman's Wife may comfort up to heights as great om

depend upon the efficient function- 15,000 feet, but the majority begin lo suffer from the want of oxygen ing of his oxygen supply. -evidenced by shortage of breath

Not

Dyrly man con cotht upon belig as fortunate as the pilot of and a growing feeling of fasitude

L 10,000

Sundre

who Aighter

recently after passing the

Tuinted at a great height owing to feet mark.

n Tallure in his oxygen system and recovered eunsetoushiest stæve ino) - aircraft ments later to find his plunging earthwards under full engine in an almost verlien) dive

at

To guard agairest risk of pre- mature collapse n in the usual practice in the Royal Air Force for

tu begin Oxygen inhalation 10,000 feet, the rate of supply then being steadily increased as the air- craft gains height.

In a bumber atreruft the oxygen supply is stored in metal bottles which

In stowed are

a central position is the

aircraft. Tubes from these bollies lead to points, one in each of the crew positions, and cach point 18

is provided with

a valve and meter for regulating and recording the rate of supply. A second dlai, close by, registers the pressure in the main supply and, when the охудет is being tised, affords an indication of the

nount of gas remaining.

In his flying helmet, each mem- er of the crew wears an oxygen breathing mask covering nose and

frum this mouth, and

mask is Suspended 21 length of flexible tubing. On taking up his position:

in the alreraft the airman plugs his mask-tube into the oxygen

instinctively, and before he had fully regained his senses, he eased back the control column and much was the accumulated velocity his dive that, next instant.

himscif found

climbing nearly vertically at some 400 mucs An hour,

01

le

A failure of the oxygen supply at heights bedres 20,000 feet, or the

discombecting temporary

of the mask while the wearer alters his position in Che aircraft, will not necessarily result in an immediate loss of cunseluusness, though there

be will

discomfort, varying in direct proportion to the height at which the cutting-off of the supply occurs.

The greatest danger for the air- man lles in the slowing-up of the thought processes and reactions which lack of oxygen induces in the human mind. Concentration

-September 11, 1940.

By Walt Disney

PAGE

FIRST CHAIR COOLIE: More discrimination. Why didn't they

exempt the skinny ones?

becomes dificult and in the feel-

ing

of lassitude which quickly overtakes the oxygen-starved air- man even such simple actions as wiping his nose or picking up a fallen map become tasks too in- tolerably burdensome 10 be E- tempted.

I breathing, often without hia being aware of the feet, will bo- come laboured and even though he summons all his energies he will be incapable of any exertion lasting for more than about a minute.

I be persists, as members of bomber crews have on occasion tried to do under the stress of vital necessity, his exhaustion will quickly render him comatose.

fainting He will lapse into condition unti either oxygen is administered or the aircraft des- cends to h Jower level where normal breathing is possible.

Hard Air to Fly In

APART from the physiological considerations, high altitude By- ing also introduces special pro- blems relating to the aircraft it- selt.

The supercharged. acro- engine has now satisfactorily over- come the difficulty or compressing a combustible mixture at a low outside pressure, a problem which previously limited aeroplanes to a maximum height of about 1,500 feet.

But the thin air of great heights still takes its toll of an aircraft's performance by reducing its rate of climb and rendering it far less manoeuvrable than at lower levels

At heights above 20,000 feet, for example, the altenuated atino- sphere provides so little "ft" for the aeroplane's wings that, com- bined with the lower power out- put of the engines, the rote of climb muy fall to about ane-tenth of the aircraft's ground level ability. in other words, an air- craft which can climb from ground level to 3,000 feet in 2 minutes may well take 20 minutes to climb from 25,000 feet to 20,000.

High altitude flying also calls for exceptionally careful handling of the aircraft, for though the thin air offers the minimum of resis- tance to the aircroft's passage and 80 permits of the attainment of higher speeds, Its buoyancy is for less than at lower levels.

Even to maintain level flight it becomes necessary to keep the air- craft in a slightly tall-down at- titude so that the wings are pre- sented to the airstream at their angle of maximum iiZC.

alr A steep turn in that thin would be impossible and to attempt it would result only in an im- mediate loss of height as the air- craft, suddenly robbed of much of Its lift by the altered angle of the wings, slipped sideways on one wing-tip.

STALIN & HITLER AREN'T GETTING ANY FRIENDLIER

(United Press War, Expert)

NEW YORK, Aug. 29 (UP). -There seems to be growing evidence that tho Russians and the Germans are moving apart as their interests clashin south-eastern Europe,

The Sovieta" absence in the Vienna conference called to prevent the outbreak of war in south-eastern Europe is "most significant.plevde pops Josef Stalin, the Soviet dictator, (several times this summer allowed it to be known that Rusala has major interests in the Balkans and - ho does not regard complacently Adolf Hitler's and Benito Musso lini's assumption they are respon- sible for regimenting the Balkans, (Italy, Germany, Rumania, and Hungary were the Vienna eferees) of verbanden

The more Italy and Germany show, affective, power in forcing Rumanla and Hungary to come to terms the less will be Stalin's Isatisfaction. There is an under

E

and con

tain element in the Balkan situa- tion which must concern Hitler and Mussolini.

J

Germany several days ago suddenly annexed the neutral Polish area which was to re- main an Indopendent. buffer state,

censors concealed

well understands

the

It now seems apparent that the annexation was a countermove to

Ru- Russian border attacks on mania, which until Tuesday." Hitler, through the annexation, thus became able to strengthen his strategic position If the Ume, should come to strike against the USSR.

Stalin Germían technique and hence, "len's mediately afterward Russia coun- tered with a surprise gesture - of friendship toward Great Britain, In Moscow Trade Commissar A. 1. Mikoyen informed British Am bassador Sir Stafford. Cripps that

discussions of far-reaching pro-,, posals, might result T Britain abandoned her "hostile attitude"

Haji Nauka toward Rusálm. Sa opre

-By-

J. W. T. MASON

The trade commissar`énid Britain could. demonstrate friendship for Russia by re- leasing gold-laden ships be longing to Baltic states re- cently incorporated into the Soviet Union, which are being held by Britain.

· Rusala thus made possible a re- newal of Anglo-Soylet amity dis- cussions which had been'. dead- locked.

Berlin and Rome must regard with suspicion any Russian move to establish friendship in the enemy camp. S

With Russia's attitude proving uncertain, Italien ogliation regard- ing Greece. almost halted. The Italians are now enraging them- Paelves regarding Egypt while keep

ing Balkan ambitions in the back- ground. This changed altitude con only mean fear of Slav compilen- tions interfering with Berlin-Rome plans,

•

Behind uncertainties and obscurities is the basic fact that Gorman air attacks on Britain have not been success- ful.

Ten days ago, Russian newspa-. pers said Hitler was goiting 'no-' where with his trans-chome) assaults. To watchful non-bell)- gerent European. eyes Hitler is re- his first check/Puls paldies Risala Is preparing for the

of possibility an eventual Nazi defeat. Hitler and Mussolla! can- not permit such 4

to conception t

Delving

keep

They

a. controlling rip on the continent or see their authority begin to dissipate. E they will settle the Rumano-Hun- garian territorial dispute: they will demonstrate, outwardly, that, this 'control, is" not Yet broken.:

STAUN

They must realise, however, (that') events + show‹ Russin↑ wants it: broken!eventually--which 1-3: fact” -- seems destined to play an impare: tant part the future character. of the war.edu Ad Her

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