DONALD DUCK
DOGGONE WHY DON'T THEY MAKE THESE BIGGER?
8-5
Copr. 1940, Wala Daner Produce
Wednesday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
MAGAZINE
Air War is Fought Five Miles
up
THE higher the safer" is an old flying maxim to
which added point is lent in wartime when the attainment of great height may often prove an air- craft's best means of evading unwelcome attention from the ground defences while flying above enemy territory.
But the great heights at Lainable by modern aircraft bring their own problems in flying and lighting.
Heights of three and four miles
earth above the
frequently reached by bomber aircraft of the Royal Air Force in the course of their fights into the heart of Ger- mite the Ove many, while even mark does not represent the "cell- Ing" to which die Infest types of R.A.F. fighter craft an altain in search of the enemy.
At such immense heights, when shrinks to the the earth below
And proportions of a relief
in
the
nap Islanda resemble rocks ovash the tide,
nirman iles in a In strange new world of space,
conditions for this lonely arena both men and machine are far dif- ferent from those prevailing at Jower levels and must be met by precautions as essential to the pre- servation of fe us these of a diver preparing to descend into the ocean depths.
Agonies of Cold
The extreme cold and the rare- fed air of high altitudes are the two
the frum greatest dangers
night standpoint. On physical flight over Germany during recent weeks bomber crews, flying high. have reported temperatures as low as 54 degrees (Fularenbelt)
uf
front and the formation of layers of fee on the cockpil floor inside the aircraft
On spother Occasion the air gunner of twin-engined bomber, flying at 20,000 feet over a German naval base, momentarily removed his gloves to manipulate his wire- less key.
Ile was so severely frost-bitten that it became necessary Inter 10 amputate the top joinia of all four Angers of one hand.
For protection against such in- tense cold the airman relies solely fur-lined warm clothing: upon boots reaching above the knee, fur- lined overalls, a close-fitting fly- heavy Ing-helmet and a pair of
A thin gloves, usually wom over silken par to serve as insulation
ainst the cold Electrically-seated flying-clothes, in which heating elements were the lining of a light- sewn into
weight suit und connected by a length of flex To the bircraft's electrirni system, are no longer generally employed in the Royal Au Fore
In the event of the fullure of the electrical supply at high altitudes, the entire crew would Immediately be deprived of their sole protection against the cold
Not ali A.F. aircraft are tied with enbin-henting equipment and though the single-engined aircraft pilot derives a certain amount of hent from the power-plant imine- diately in front of him, the crew of the Kaulti-motored bamber. whose engines are mounted out on the winge some distance from the fuselage, bave no such comfort.
Men Must Breathe
Ja
AS height increases air pressure becomes less dense and the atmos- phere progressively more rarified. The effect of this dimulion the oxygen raatent of the air in felt at different heights according to the physique of the lodividual
point close by and is thus directly connected to the source of supply. The length of the tubing allows freedom movement and, in the case of the air gunner, permits him lo stand up and manipulate his
oxygen point.
#117 white still attached to his
Just before the aircraft leaves
The The groand
Taps of all the oxygen bottles are turned full on and when the 10,000 Jeet mark been renched the crew who, meanwhile, have been breathing through tlie alt holen In their masks, open their individual con- trol valves suficiently to allow the constant emlesion of a slight quan- tity of the gas.
With each 1,000 feet increase in height the valve opening is slight- By increased and the rate of supply quickened until, when the aircraft
reached 11s "celling." the oxygen la being delivered through the muska at maximtum pressure.
Provided this procedure is rigid- ly adhered to and the supply rate stendily Increased むき height is Kuined a normal crew will experi- ence ill-effects and little dis- comfort at height as greal na four and Ave miles above the earth.
Above 33,000 feet huwever, the kow pressure of the atmosphere mke breathing, even with the uid of an uxygen-mask, impossible and It then becomes necessary to en- Care the airman In an airtight "pressure" Buif. resembling ቶኒ diver's outfit, inside which a pre- determined pressure, sufficient to permit of the inhalation of oxygen, can be maintained.
An Altitude Adventure
MILITARY ntreraft,
however, seldom attain heighis greater than about 30,000 feet. At the great Some pilot experience no dis-
altitudes the airman's Wife may comfort up to heights as great om
depend upon the efficient function- 15,000 feet, but the majority begin lo suffer from the want of oxygen ing of his oxygen supply. -evidenced by shortage of breath
Not
Dyrly man con cotht upon belig as fortunate as the pilot of and a growing feeling of fasitude
L 10,000
Sundre
who Aighter
recently after passing the
Tuinted at a great height owing to feet mark.
n Tallure in his oxygen system and recovered eunsetoushiest stæve ino) - aircraft ments later to find his plunging earthwards under full engine in an almost verlien) dive
at
To guard agairest risk of pre- mature collapse n in the usual practice in the Royal Air Force for
tu begin Oxygen inhalation 10,000 feet, the rate of supply then being steadily increased as the air- craft gains height.
In a bumber atreruft the oxygen supply is stored in metal bottles which
In stowed are
a central position is the
aircraft. Tubes from these bollies lead to points, one in each of the crew positions, and cach point 18
is provided with
a valve and meter for regulating and recording the rate of supply. A second dlai, close by, registers the pressure in the main supply and, when the охудет is being tised, affords an indication of the
nount of gas remaining.
In his flying helmet, each mem- er of the crew wears an oxygen breathing mask covering nose and
frum this mouth, and
mask is Suspended 21 length of flexible tubing. On taking up his position:
in the alreraft the airman plugs his mask-tube into the oxygen
instinctively, and before he had fully regained his senses, he eased back the control column and much was the accumulated velocity his dive that, next instant.
himscif found
climbing nearly vertically at some 400 mucs An hour,
01
le
A failure of the oxygen supply at heights bedres 20,000 feet, or the
discombecting temporary
of the mask while the wearer alters his position in Che aircraft, will not necessarily result in an immediate loss of cunseluusness, though there
be will
discomfort, varying in direct proportion to the height at which the cutting-off of the supply occurs.
The greatest danger for the air- man lles in the slowing-up of the thought processes and reactions which lack of oxygen induces in the human mind. Concentration
-September 11, 1940.
By Walt Disney
PAGE
FIRST CHAIR COOLIE: More discrimination. Why didn't they
exempt the skinny ones?
becomes dificult and in the feel-
ing
of lassitude which quickly overtakes the oxygen-starved air- man even such simple actions as wiping his nose or picking up a fallen map become tasks too in- tolerably burdensome 10 be E- tempted.
I breathing, often without hia being aware of the feet, will bo- come laboured and even though he summons all his energies he will be incapable of any exertion lasting for more than about a minute.
I be persists, as members of bomber crews have on occasion tried to do under the stress of vital necessity, his exhaustion will quickly render him comatose.
fainting He will lapse into condition unti either oxygen is administered or the aircraft des- cends to h Jower level where normal breathing is possible.
Hard Air to Fly In
APART from the physiological considerations, high altitude By- ing also introduces special pro- blems relating to the aircraft it- selt.
The supercharged. acro- engine has now satisfactorily over- come the difficulty or compressing a combustible mixture at a low outside pressure, a problem which previously limited aeroplanes to a maximum height of about 1,500 feet.
But the thin air of great heights still takes its toll of an aircraft's performance by reducing its rate of climb and rendering it far less manoeuvrable than at lower levels
At heights above 20,000 feet, for example, the altenuated atino- sphere provides so little "ft" for the aeroplane's wings that, com- bined with the lower power out- put of the engines, the rote of climb muy fall to about ane-tenth of the aircraft's ground level ability. in other words, an air- craft which can climb from ground level to 3,000 feet in 2 minutes may well take 20 minutes to climb from 25,000 feet to 20,000.
High altitude flying also calls for exceptionally careful handling of the aircraft, for though the thin air offers the minimum of resis- tance to the aircroft's passage and 80 permits of the attainment of higher speeds, Its buoyancy is for less than at lower levels.
Even to maintain level flight it becomes necessary to keep the air- craft in a slightly tall-down at- titude so that the wings are pre- sented to the airstream at their angle of maximum iiZC.
alr A steep turn in that thin would be impossible and to attempt it would result only in an im- mediate loss of height as the air- craft, suddenly robbed of much of Its lift by the altered angle of the wings, slipped sideways on one wing-tip.
STALIN & HITLER AREN'T GETTING ANY FRIENDLIER
(United Press War, Expert)
NEW YORK, Aug. 29 (UP). -There seems to be growing evidence that tho Russians and the Germans are moving apart as their interests clashin south-eastern Europe,
The Sovieta" absence in the Vienna conference called to prevent the outbreak of war in south-eastern Europe is "most significant.plevde pops Josef Stalin, the Soviet dictator, (several times this summer allowed it to be known that Rusala has major interests in the Balkans and - ho does not regard complacently Adolf Hitler's and Benito Musso lini's assumption they are respon- sible for regimenting the Balkans, (Italy, Germany, Rumania, and Hungary were the Vienna eferees) of verbanden
The more Italy and Germany show, affective, power in forcing Rumanla and Hungary to come to terms the less will be Stalin's Isatisfaction. There is an under
E
and con
tain element in the Balkan situa- tion which must concern Hitler and Mussolini.
J
Germany several days ago suddenly annexed the neutral Polish area which was to re- main an Indopendent. buffer state,
censors concealed
well understands
the
It now seems apparent that the annexation was a countermove to
Ru- Russian border attacks on mania, which until Tuesday." Hitler, through the annexation, thus became able to strengthen his strategic position If the Ume, should come to strike against the USSR.
Stalin Germían technique and hence, "len's mediately afterward Russia coun- tered with a surprise gesture - of friendship toward Great Britain, In Moscow Trade Commissar A. 1. Mikoyen informed British Am bassador Sir Stafford. Cripps that
discussions of far-reaching pro-,, posals, might result T Britain abandoned her "hostile attitude"
Haji Nauka toward Rusálm. Sa opre
-By-
J. W. T. MASON
The trade commissar`énid Britain could. demonstrate friendship for Russia by re- leasing gold-laden ships be longing to Baltic states re- cently incorporated into the Soviet Union, which are being held by Britain.
· Rusala thus made possible a re- newal of Anglo-Soylet amity dis- cussions which had been'. dead- locked.
Berlin and Rome must regard with suspicion any Russian move to establish friendship in the enemy camp. S
With Russia's attitude proving uncertain, Italien ogliation regard- ing Greece. almost halted. The Italians are now enraging them- Paelves regarding Egypt while keep
ing Balkan ambitions in the back- ground. This changed altitude con only mean fear of Slav compilen- tions interfering with Berlin-Rome plans,
•
Behind uncertainties and obscurities is the basic fact that Gorman air attacks on Britain have not been success- ful.
Ten days ago, Russian newspa-. pers said Hitler was goiting 'no-' where with his trans-chome) assaults. To watchful non-bell)- gerent European. eyes Hitler is re- his first check/Puls paldies Risala Is preparing for the
of possibility an eventual Nazi defeat. Hitler and Mussolla! can- not permit such 4
to conception t
Delving
keep
They
a. controlling rip on the continent or see their authority begin to dissipate. E they will settle the Rumano-Hun- garian territorial dispute: they will demonstrate, outwardly, that, this 'control, is" not Yet broken.:
STAUN
They must realise, however, (that') events + show‹ Russin↑ wants it: broken!eventually--which 1-3: fact” -- seems destined to play an impare: tant part the future character. of the war.edu Ad Her
PRADO
COD
8324
ANCHOR
Butters
THE WORLD'S BEST.
OBTAINABLE FROM ALL LEADING STORES
Sola Agente: LANE, CRAWFORD LTD
"KEPLER'
Liver Oil MALT Extract
with
The Natural Vitamin Food for Infants Children and Adults
Give them the nourishment' they need and watch their strength and vitality increase,
'Kepler' Cod Liver Oil with Malt Extract is a valuable, nutritious a food. Prepared from the finest cod liver oil and best malted barley,
Betties of twð algen,
All Chemfate and Stores
BURROUGHS WELLCOME & Co.
THE WILADRE FOUNDATION LTD., kaste, Ena.! LONDON AND SHANGHAI
Go Empress
ONE MANAGEMENT DIRECT to North America
and Europel
"EMPRESS LUXURY
COPTEIDE
Speed across the Pacife by luxurious Empress liners, then
Victoria... atop over if you wish and Vancouver in Canada's Evergreen playground.
NEXT SAILING FROM HONGKONG
FIRST WEEK IN OCTOBER (Omitting Honolulu)
Fest through AIR CONDITIONED trains from ship's side at Vancouver take you through the Majestic Canadian Rockies-Lake Louise, Banff-600 miles of travel through Marvelous Mountain Scenery. Niagara Falls and the Great Lakes can be included as optional routes on your coast-to-coast trip. Stop over anywhere you wish.
Then Montreal-and- Quebec, gay French-speaking. cities on the famous St. Lawrence Sexway, and a quick crossing to Europe by one of Canadian Podüc's Atlantle Bect
NEXT SAILING TO MANTLA FOURTH WEEK IN SEPTEMBER
For fall information consult your travel agent,
(Union Building, Mont Font Telephone
20752.
+
Canadian Pacific
World's Greatest Travel System ·
PRESIDENT LINER
Sailings
TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES
Via Shanghai, Kobe, Tokohama
ES "President Toft"
69 "President Cleveland"
SS "President Pierce"
& Honolulu.
SEPT 1 {
OCT. 18
To NEW YORK AND BOSTON
Via Manila, Singapore, Penang, Colombo, Bombay & Capetown.
SS "Tresident Polk"
SS "President Garfield"
TO SINGAPOER & PENANG
SS "City of Newport News?
SS "City of Norfolk"
SEPT. 29
OCT. 18
SEPT.. 25
OOT. 27
·To SAN FRANCISCO & LOS ANGELES
Direct
85 "City of Los Angeles”:
vin Yokohamadi
SEPT.
* AMERICAN ★ ★
PRESIDENT LINES
SKUROUND-WORLD SERVICE"
AGENTS FOR TRANSCONTINENTAL" & WESTERN BERTAIR, AND UNITED AIR LINES.
„13. Fedder) Street
Telephona 28171.