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0003166 G.F. 316
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(1)
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'The relation between the (Anti-Communist) Division in Kwo Kam 異 K and opium
Opium growing in regions of Northern Burma.
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The regions in Kwo Kam (*) and Kar Ngar Mountain (*) are hilly, dangerous and cold, unsuitable for the (卡瓦山) cultivation of rice, whoat and other crops. Centuries ago, the regions were sparsely populated and transport was difficult. Since opium was introduced into China, it has been found that these regions are exceptionally suitable for growing the poppy, and the people have takon to opium-growing which gives them the necessities in life such as rice, salt, oil and cloth. With this change, the population has gradually increased. Over a century ago, the Manchu Government put a ban on opium-growing which results in the Opium War, and the central regions of China discontinued to produce, any opium. On the other hand, opium-growing in Kwo Kam (
and Kar Ngar Mountain (14) was on the increase as these rogions, being in the border, were out of reach of the government. Thus they became the main source for the supply of opium. When Burma was under British rule, there was no opium-growing on the west of the Salween River. (1) However, the people in Kwo Kam (
) and Kar Ngar Mountain
(4) had been caming their living by growing opium for centuries, and for this reason, the British government demarcated the area as a special area for opium-growing. After the invasion of Burma by the Japanese, opium-growing was resumed along the west bank of the Salween River, (4) in such areas as Tai Mg Yoo, (X) Lai To Shan, (4) Cheung Ching Shan (44) and Lai Mo Shan (賴光山 Though the indepondence of Burma
brought about a ban, it has been suspended because there are no substitution crops in these areas. These areas are all under control of this Division and produce annually about 300,000 lbs (equivalent to 500 odd metric tons), the shipment and sale of more than 70% of which is dealt with by this Division.
(2)
was
The Development of the (Anti-Communist) Division in Kwo Kam(果 ) and its source of revenue.
Before Burma turned communist, the opium produced by the people in Kwo Kum (*) and Kar Ngar Mountain (4) oxchanged for rice and other necessities brought in by merchants. It was then delivered to Thailand and China for trans- shipment to other places in the world. From 1951, Chinese K.M.T. guerilla forces occupied the border arca of Thailand and Burma, and forced merchants to accept protection from them until 1958 when the tribes in Northern Burma rebelled and strived to give the merchants protection. The protection fee was so high that the merchants could hardly make any profit, and the opium-growers also suffered. Between 1959 and 1963, the Burmese government permitted the merchants in Kwo Kam (
to set up sales agencies at Tai Ki Lik, () Mang Ton ( 蘋) and Lai Kok (
with a view to drying up the source of revenue of the guerilla forces and the insubordinato tribes. The rebel troops were then much weakened and most of the guerilla forces
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