1927-12-30 — Page 3

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[BY E ASHMEAD BARTLETT, CREI

In his series of articles "China of Today" Mr. Ashmaend Bartlett is giving an admirable survey of he events of the past year in China. In the article reproduced below from the London Daily Telegraph he portrays the crisis through which Shanghai, passed. A warm tribute is paid to the firmness of Mr. Sterling Fessenden, Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council, in resisting the pretensions of the Nanking Government, and their attempts to control and to tax the Settlement.

Out of a blue sky came the collapse of the Nationalist cam- palgu, and the break-up of the hostile combination of Southern Governmenty temporarily united to overthrow the North. To explain this startling dénouement it is necessary to return to Shanghai and Nanking. I have already or plained how Chiang Kai Shek fail- ed to make good his promise to the Shanghai merchants to open up trade with Hankow.

In corse- the promised loan ot quence 830,000,000 was not forthcoming. The Nanking Government was then obliged to fall back on the old Chinese system of raising money, by force blackmail, and squeeze."

Shanghai speedily found that its lot under the terrorist régime of the Labour. Unions was infinitely preferable to the tyranny exercised by the Nationalist Government's financial committee. Every Chinese of substance, and every firm, was assessed for a certain sum fixed by the committee, without any possint lity of appeal, not only in Chapei and in the Chinese city, but in the heart of the Settlement. If they persisted in their refusal to pay, they or members of their families were forcibly kidnapped and held to ransom until the money was handed over.

EVOT

BRITISH MINERS FAVOUR COAL TRUST.

PRESENT SYSTEM IS

USELESS."

WE DON'T FOLLOW LEADERS

LIKE SHEEP."

CARDIFF, Nov. 17th. T'have to-day found the men who would most welcome the introdue- tion of the hundred per cent. truatification scheme for the coal trade. They are not the owners, who are imbued with new hope at. the prospect of a discussion with the Government. They are not the selling agents, who would be most" affected by the adoption of the scheme. They are the miners them- selves, who are dependent on the whim of the foreign market for their livelihoods.

out by the British Consulate that

I have spent the day talking with this rolling stock was pledged to the British bondholders as security.miners, employed and unemployed, I came across A As an additional precaution the in Pontypridd admiral ordered warships to number of miners who have found scop by force, il necessary, any themselves out of work following attempt to remove Engines or the recent wave of depression. Mr. William Davies, of Pontypridd, trucks.

who for nearly twenty years has been employed in the neighbour. hood, acted up spokesman for the, group,

Safeguarding Troops.

The Nanking Government was, in fact, indecently anxious to obtain immediate control of the Settle ment. This prize would have provided the sinews of war for the campaign against the North, and the prestige of such an achieve ment as the surrender or capture of the Settlement would have reverberated throughout the whole of China.

The European banks, the Customa House, the great stores along the Naning Road, the office build ings, and the luxurious hotels and private residences excited the cupidity and greed of Mr. Wu and has colleagues almost to bursting-point. Only Treaty rights and i thin hedge of barbed wire separated theth from untold wealth and unlimited squeeze." But in- side that barbed wire was a division of British troops to pre rent them passing by force, and the brain and determination of Mr. Sterling Fessenden, the chair man. of the Municipal Council, to prevent them obtaining posses sign by subterfuge, treachery, or strategy.

A Fatal Budget;

"People think we follow our leaders like sheep," he said. "They are wrong. We think for ourselves. The present system of mining is, from our pout of view, useless.

Things are bad now, he con- tinued. It seems that we have to suffer for it, and yet a few miles, away in the larger mines our chums are fully employed.

Lord Beaverbrook's scheme would alter that. If work was not available here it would be in some We should be other coalfields. taken from Wales, where we can- not earn a livelihood, to a place where we could Labour would be evenly distributed over England's mining areas.

From our point of view the trustification plan would be a great help. We should not mind leaving Wales-I should not, for ape-ÎË we could be guaranteed work other parts.

"I do not know what the owners. will ask for when they meet the Government. They will probably suggest something to help them, but will they help us? The trust would help us."-Daily Express,

Communists were expelled. That Government had now sunk to the lowest ebb of its fortunes, having retired, leaving Cheng Chow in possession of Feng YuHsiang, to the already thrice loosed city of Hankow. There it could no longer raise funds for the upkeep of its armies or of ite officials. Dissen- sions broke out in the ranks of the Supreme Executive Council. Those who had been the most ardent Communists a month before now openly repudiated their former political convictions, fearing for the safety of their necks. From

The Chinese banks were forced to land money to the Government, and to take worthless bonds, security. Fresh means of raising money were found almost daily, until life in Shanghai became a Mr. Fessender stood like a rock. nightmare to the unfortunate He refused to yield an inch, point- Chinese, who were called upon toing out that Nanking had no more claim to call itself a Nation- pay more and more on an diminishing turnover.

alist Government than Hankow, earnest. Every war tord denoune- The Nationalist Government then Feng Yu Hsiang, Yon Hai Shan, ed the presence of extremists in Farned on the foreign community or Chang Tso Lin. He politely the ranks of the rivals as being the It realised that any attempt to in-hinted that the day would come only real obstacle in the way of terfere with the a per cent. import when they would be the first to be a general peace duty devoted to the service of, the grateful for the shakar provided. The Christian" General an foreign loans could only mean war by the Settlement, as their Governounced that he would no longer with the Powers. It therefore de-ment was bound to fall, like co-operate with the Wuhan Govern cided to impose surtaxes, being at all others, in due course. Hement unless the Bolsheviks and first content to demand 24 per cent. declared that, is long as he remain on ordinary goods, and 5 per cent.ed head of the Municipality, the on so-called Luxuries. Suddenly it city would never be surrendered to. announced its programirae for the or allow itself to be bullied by, any fature, which was to come into warring group, and that not only operation on September 1st Ordi-Europeans, but Chinese living with nary goods were to pay an import in the Settlement, would be pro- duty of 12 per cent, luxuries (the tected. schedule has not even been defined) from 20 to 30 percent., and wr Never before had the situation all-round Excise duty of 50 per been more critical or tense. Mr. cent. on tobacco, wines and spirits. Fessenden repeatedly declared that, As a sop for this startling innova if the Defence Force have been with tion, the Government promised the drawn, Shanghai would have been abolition of all Lákin. I should ex-footed by the Nationalists within plain that Likin are those indeter- twenty-four hours. It was the minate duties or "octroi" which policy of Nanking to render life every province came horrid tales goods pay in China when "in in the city unbearable, for both of the summary execution of those transit. They are," in fact, the Chinese and Europeana Peaceful who supported the Red Flag.. blackmail levied by every indepen-penetration by. flackmail, kid-In Shanghai youths distributing dent Governor, or general, through napping, and enforced taxes was pamphlets in the streets were taken whose territory they pass.

to replace conquest by force of and executed, without even the for- Shanghai's Worst Perled.

mality of a trial In the midst of this turmoil of

The hour of Borodin and his No one in Shanghai believed civil war, internal dissension, and satellites had come. They realised Nanking had it in its power to Enancial chace the Nanking Gov-it was now a question of escaping abolish Likin, so dear to the ernment committed a folly which with their lives. He and his most Chinese heart, even if it was sincere went a long way towards bring active agents, assisted by friends. in its determination to do so. The ing about its quin. It published like Eugene Chan, fed northwards imposition of these surtaxes, besides its Budget, showing the amount of to Cheng Chow, with the avowed heing contrary to all Treaty rights, money at required each month to intention of escaping westwards would have spelt complete ruin toerry on

the campaign against into the province of Shensic and the majority of foreign firms in the North. The figures caused from there making their way across: Shanghai. There would have been dismay, amongst its supporters, the Gobi desert, through Mongolia no alternative left to the majority and greatly encouraged its enemies. to Siberia. Their arrival in Mos of them but to shut up shop. The The former learnt what they were cow has since been announced. Asiatic Tobacco Co. prepared to expected to find, and the latter Eugene Chen also went to Moscow close down sitogether, as it would be knew it would be impossible to for a time, but his present where impossible to carry on with a 50 per raise such sums. Even the most abouts is uncertain, though a recent cent Excise duty on tobacco. 12 has been calculated that, should skilful manipulation of the figures report said he was en route to this great concern go out of busi- could not fill in the monthly deficit, Canton: In any case, however, the ness, 100,00 Chinese employees and posed to lasue a modest sixty tered far and wide..

and therefore the Government pro- party represented by Chen is scat their dependents would be thrown million dollars worth of bonds, to out of work. Verily the Nanking he taken up by the banks and busi Government started to kill the ness houses, in retum for hard goose which lays the golden egg cash... with indecent haste.

Arms.

This was the last straw on the Daring the months of June, July, back of the long-suffering Chinese and August Shanghai passed merchants. They knew the Govern- through the worst period in her ment's bonds would be worthless; abequered history, from the tyranny on the other hand, if they refused and exactions of Nanking, and to take them up they would lay through the general uncertainty themselves open to fresh reprisals. and unrest caused by the lack of From the hour of the announce any firm policy by the Powers ment of this forced loan Chiang Throughout this time an excellent Kai, Shek was doomed to an early comedy was being carried on in downfall. Nevertheless, up to the Shanghai by the Foreign Bureau of very end the publicity bureau kept Nanking Mr. C. O. Wu, the Forap ite bombastic propagando, and cign Minister, sent Note after its tyranny showed no relaxation Note to the Consuls, addressing The actual downfall of Chiang them on terms of equality, as if his Kid Shek was brought by a series Government had been. officially of internal intrigues, his inability recognised, and controlled the whole to pay his armies forth of the of China, He protested against Yangisze, and the sudden action of

alleged illegal acts, contrary to the the Wuhan Government. These sovereign rights of China, by the vents are veiled in considerable Army, the Navy and the Air obscurity, but the main" acts, in the Force. He demanded the immediate drama can be followed with com: withdrawal of the Defence Force,parativ ease. declaring that the lived of for eigners were perfectly auferi On. one occasion the Nanking Govern- At this period a wave of anti- ment attempted to remove some Bolsheviam suddenly swept over all engines and rolling stock from the parties in China. The discarding Shanghai-Nanking Railway neroes of the Communists commenced in the Yangtare. It was pointed (Continued on next Golumn.)

Flight Of Borodin.

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