1916-09-08 — Page 3

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THE HONGKONG. DAILY PRENS, FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 8ra. 1918,

ACTERIA ON THE BATTLE- ¦ OFFICERS ON THE BATTLE. THE ALLIES MUST ENTER

FIELD.

HOW THEY ARE CONQUERED.

BY A MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT IN THE DALLY CHRONICLE."]

The microbes infesting wil and water nstitute one of the most powerful enaces to the successful prosecution of

Jar.

Never in the history of the world hasa ar been waged in which deaths from estilence and wounds have affected so Ettle the progress of operations; yet the penace remains and the toll of the bac- cria continues to play no small part in he wastage of our armies. The extra- ordinarily small number of enteric cases Among our trips in France is a remark- ble testimony to the excellence of our anitary arrangements and the value of the preventive vaccination introduced by Sir Almroth Wright.

THE BALANCE OF LOSSES.

In one of the ship's companion-wiyo it is near midnight now--a group of wounded officers, walking cases mostly, wh one arm tu'a sting: ar with heads chatting before going ILTE bandaged, across are singe, when the train is ready for them. Inese are not two wiele jackeES among a dozen of them, not any one gar- ment innocent of blood and mad. -Many KRYC questions have been put them.. are a few of the most typical remarks with when they sum up near iniptes

8201282---

"Yes, then are plenty of casualties, On the western front you can't move without casualties, we ve always known The But the point is the balance. neene casuanties are far tenver and for Hote serious than ours.

BERLIN. IMPRESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH- MAN FROM GERMANY.

BY THEOBALD BUTLER, RA. ] (Mr. Theobald Butler, an English protessor of modern languages, who has since lived in Germany continuously 1905, has just returned to England. A the outbreak of war he conducted a for mintary coaching establishment others and Government officials in a Prussiau university town, specializing in the teaching of English and French, Being considerably over inilitary age, he For practically the entire duration of the war Mr. Butter resided in Berlin, which he did not leave until July 6th. The tullewing article was contributed to he Daug Mail)

was not interned.

I hate the English! That was the greeting 1 received from my first pupil, a Prussian Referendar (embryo barris That's so, of course. I saw trenchester), when I commenced work in Posen m the year 1805. The sentiment was no revelation to me. I was beginning ay second period of residence in Germany, the first having been spent at a school on the thine during the Husso-Turkish War in 1877. England and the English were vociferously strafed by the Germans as long ago as that.

full of em. You are most of truly can knocked out, were knocked out in one ot three ways; our artilery barrage, our bayonets and bonus, or as prisoners. And in either ease that sort of asualty really is knocked out."

"Whereas ours," adds a wounded hat-

talion, R.A.M.C., otncer, are mostly

In Gallipoli, where sanitation was practically impossible, where the sail teemed with the microbes of typhoid and its cousins, the paratyphoids and dysen- teries, where the very sund of the senshare was partly built up of the creeping

meningun belief cases, and need not ambe of tropical dysentery, the per centage of sickness cases among there come to lighty at all but for our troups reached a very high figure indeed. wanting to keep the held ambulances and The influence of these microbes of the learing stations all free over the way. soil on the healing of wounds forms the They will nustly he daty fit in a week or subject of a recent paper by Mr. Kenneth." Gundby in the Laurel. Since the time of Lister, the surgeon has been able prac t'eally to eliminate the danger of bac terial infection from the wounds of his operations. The wounds of warfare are inflicted under very different circum- stance. Trenzines are dug into soil swarming with microbes, the soil covers the soldier's uniform, and the bullet.

ves through the infection and inocu lates it into the depths of the wound. ~

SPECIES OF MICROBES.

The various species of bacteria present. in such wounds and classified in the paper af Mr. Goarby and numerous other in- vestigator: may be roughly divided into two groups the true soil batceria, which found infecting are not commonly wounds in civil practice, and the ordi- nary organises of sepsis or inflammation, which may be passed from man to man without the intervention of soil or water. The first group is probably the less im- portant, although it includes the bacillus of tetanus' or lock-jaw," and the fre quently deadly organisms of gas-gun- grene. The latter group contains the cominon microbes of septic infection, the streptococci and staphylococci, dot-like organisms arranged in chains or clusters, which produce such conditions as cet lulitis, erysipelas, abscesses, and boils, Of all these organisms, the most deadly may be the streptococci, which can pro-

blood duce death from septicemia.

But these poisoning in a few hours. groups of bacter in are found in the soil; many species of both may be present at the sanie tine in one wound,

.

"No, no, by jove, don't you go stop- ping our short leave, door, or we'll strate the life out of you while your arm's in a sting.'

་་

**St'll, it's true enough, the proportion of us with clean, slight wounds is amaz ngly high, when you think what a hell it was out there."

"

IN CRUCIFIX TRENCA.

J KILLED THE BRUTE, AND I'M

GLAD OF IT."

"And where do we go next, captain?" asked a Yorkshire boy. It seemed he felt restless where he was. The captain thought Shelter Wood might be a good placo to see. He chose ten men to see it with him, and these were very willing. With the bullet in his ribs-it hurt h horribly he climbed out of Crucifix Trench, and crawled forward with his fen men to the wood beyond. It was full of Germana. At the south-west corner of it was a redoubt, with machine-gaus and a bourb store. The German bombers were already linging their grenades ncross to the Crucifix. The wounded captain said that ten men were not enough to take Shelter Wood-it would need a thousand men, perhaps, so he crawled back with the others. They stayed all night in Crucifix Trench, and it was a dreful At ten o'clock the enemy opencil night. an intense bombardment of heavies and shrapnel, and maintained it at full pitch anil two o'clock next morning.

There were 900 men up there and in the neighbourhood. When morning came there were not so many, but the others The were eager to get out and get on Yorkshire

unbeaten. The spirit was grit of the North Country was still there in the morning after the west assault. My Referendar, as the years ahead of Queer adventures overlook men who play- ed a lone hand in this darkness and con- ne ia Prussin were about to show, was

irae Yorkshire, with steel in his eyes hankered for war with Britain our the very personification of the class which fusion of battle. One man I met to day and a barr in his speech-it was strange last and

reckoning," ቢ greatest Treitschke put it-and planned for it into war the Saxon words he used-rushed the plodding, thoroughgoing, deliberate with some of his friends into Birch Tree manner of which their vast preparedness Wood, which was not captured until two has given the world such terrible proof, days later. There were many Germans Suddenly the As long ago as 1905 war with England there, but not visible. was talked about in Prussin in accents Yorkshire lad found hinwell quite alone. Often his conrrades having escaped from a death of mathematical exactitude.

trap, for the wood was being shelled-as heard men say that 1916, was the yeaC which would bring the realization of I saw myself that day--with an intense fire from our guns. The lonely boy, who win machine gunner without his gun, Germany's cherished hopes!

thought that things were pretty thick.' I know. Isn't it extraordinary how To my personal knowledge the leaders indeed, they were, but he decided that the risks of death were less if he stayed our chaps got through? Everlasting paz.of the German Army began their nai

Presently, as he crouched law, he saw zle to me

with the nit fairly stiff with preparations for war at least a tortagit still than than if he moved.

before August 5, 1914. About the middle

a German coming. He was crawling ballets.

of July my classes, cousisting for the "So it was; but there was something most part of younger others and Civil abag on his hands and knees, and blood else stiff too."

Servants, mysteriously began dropping was oozing from him. As he crawled, a Caff. Captain--"),

attached to the sing Yorkshire soldier, also badly wounded, passed him at a little distance tary railway division, was suddenly

in the wood. The German stared at him. needed somewhere, probably for the Then he raised himself, though still on mobilization on the Belgian frontier; his knees, and fired at the boy with his revolver, so that he fell dead." The Gor- and Herr ven, Government ton structor, was as abruptly called away.

man went on his barids again to go on Berlin was evidently taking time well by

with his crawling, but another shot rip- the forelock.

red through the trees, and he crawled more. It was fired by the man who Lad been left alone--the young man I I killed the brute,' he to day. said.and I'm gled of it."

Our chaps' upper lips, eh?" The way they looked unt, don't you know: saw the situation for what it was, and then cheered a bit louder than ever You don't get as they stepped out. noches working that way.

They took it like mother's milk--or football.

My-tellows did actually start a kicking the company Bothall, I never

w anything gamer."

Tell you where you can see Boches vance as steadily as uar men, though in a very different spirit, and that's when there's a support line of Prussian Guards behind 'em, is there was when they coun- ter-attacke our bit in front of the wood. Do you know why?"

|

ENOUGH FOOD FUR HEALTH.

War with England came. Aly friends and volleagues, mostly belonging to the intellectual classes, grey-mired Herren Profesoren, cr

to the higher military rank, majors and liteutenant-colonels, than men of similar rank in the British who in Germany are always much older

deunciation of England. We shall Ariny, gave vent to the most unbridled

szul to me, but this vile, contemptible remain personal friends," many of then slab in the back by England that is out- Why, yes; that's easy. We had that rageous and low beyond words! These The Prussimus shoot 'em down were the days when Germans were think- directly, they wayer. They shout half aing of an eight or ten weeks' war-when dozen on each side of a man who puts his they hoped to thrash France quickly in hands up; and the chaps, in frimt know decisively ever at the fast falta

serious Russian invasion of East "Ah! I suppose it's general, then, I then to wheel about and defeat Russia. The intervention of England know 1 saw it with my own eyes. "

punctured those rosente hopes, and Ger- hatred of Jong-accumulated many's

perfidious Albion now burst forth with indescribable fury.

201

>>

MID-JULY PREPARATIONS.

几个 Pusen

war.

RED-HOT HOWITZERS

Yet the

The problem of water has been eve of tie. The bombardment has been so in- the most licuit all through, the Vertina

tense and extensive over the country, to the rear that wells have disappeared, and the indispensable water has and to be brought in small quantities for con- siderable distances: The mes have offer et tegribly at times from thirst and the

To prevent the entry of these microbes

suns want cooling too. A machine gun- er has told me that in a week his gua ared over 75,000 rounds, Artillery men into wounds is obviously impossible. To

way that perhaps the most terrible place Bit different from our men there , kill them after they have entered is rarely

at all is to be with the medium howitzer batteries that lie in the zone between the feasible, though their activities may be

ig guns behind and the lighter guns. in held in check by the use of antisepties. I know our only trouble was keeu ged by surgical or mechanical treatment.ng our beggars back. Our rear platoon men were all scheming and dodging to

front. At Verdun they were pounded- Modern medicine aims further at new get over with the Treat lots, and in the

My professional existence

from frout and Bank. Owing to their tralising the poisen produced by the assault one had to do checking all the bussly, was destined before long to be

fewer numbers, as compared with the ame precarions, and i was not sorry microbes, or also increasing the resist fine to keep chaps back a bit.' ing powers or antibodies of the patient

That was all along the line, I think, to leave everything behind and remove to Germans, they had to make up deficiencies by increased energy, and they were fired that the infection is shortened and comWhen their blood's up they won't think Berlin at the end of August. There 1 plications are avoided.

nent danger of bursting. of cover ur protectinn. It's just Let's remained until a fortnight or three weeks till they literally grew red-hot and in im- The neatralisation of the poison is purget at 'em with every one of our chaps."agg. Details of life in Berlin in

tine are to longer new to British readers orders kept coming in insistently-Keep ricularly directed against the tetanus

Well, it's my third big show, and byy know all about food distress and p the pace."

I've never seen a obviously infect long dus the best. bacillus, and in cases

other stock subjects. The Germans are The work of bringing up ammunition ed wounds a preventive dos of anti-show before not even in practice field st starving. They are not getting under such appalling conditions is hazar- fous serum is given immediately. By days where the arranging and prepara

as they used to dous in the extreme, and the mental and Bearly so much to eat this means cases of betanis have been re- tion were so complete, or where everone and would like, but they mostly physical strain upon the convoy condṇe- duced to a very low figure. In a number understood his particular job so well." overato in peace times they are now on ors is terribly severe. Their work is in- a more normal living standard than theyssant. Often have, I been told of harosa- infected words, in 1 of 21 caHES

ver were before Conditions are used transport officers getting through after xamined by Dr. Dudgeon, the tetanus Organisms Eave been identified--nm ex-

mustakably inconvenient and peasantving passage, exclaiming with relief: perience, however, which differs from the

imagine Ceruans not even being able to Thank goedoest, that will give you fadings of Mr. Gondby and the inter

grpolators bust anylody in England who thinks that the Germans are bring something to go on with up here for a bit to meet with the retort: "Com- esting fact emerges that many soldiers may harbour the bacteria in their wonuchi S, they lile out to the train, waving deeated by hunger is dwelling in

nient mon vieux, hurry up and get back and yet suffer name of the symptoms of arms in ragged, blood-splished khaki paradise of idle dreams.

The Germans think they have wou the for or as fast as ever you can gallop." But what about all that I tetched-up a tanus. This condition may be in part, sleeves, 11

war. They believe that figining will ge attributed to the action of the antitoxin,

for some time yet, but they do not think. few hours ago! All gone, depechez- which is capable of neutralising the toxin

there can be taken from them that which yons. For it is not only the enemy'e or poison of the bacillus, but, which has no effect upon the vitality of the organ

they have conquered and bold. They bombardment that constitutes the danger; know they have suffered heavy losses his aeroplanes are persistently annoying. human and material, but, as the old When an aeroplane gets the correct lati porter who landled my luggage in Berlin Lade of one of these long, straight French the timer day said. The Taglish will roads it can follow along it with con

That was the voice of the [siderable accuray. have to pay." vast majority still believe that dhe Eng. German prophe. The Germans in their fish will be brought to their knees, and B DSE OF HONOUR FOR either in treasure or territory reimburs Genny hudsonely for Cre colossal prier she has had to pay for "victory."

isms themselves.

t

CREAKING PATIENTS" BESISYING POWER. The method of erasing the resisting Juwers of the individual by vaccine treat Ment is referred to by Mr. Gordby, and the points to which he particularly draws attention are the prevention of Haves?! and the realment of

"Oh, we've got lots more coming for them, preeatly, I tell you: we haven't started yet. What's that London train? Yes, I'm for London. Oh, you're Man easter. Well, cheero!

ม.

became generally very ill, and an abso developed in the depths of the healed wound. In this case the streptococci im planted by the rifle ballet úver a year

efore had remained izipstled on Fragment of dead home in the joint, and had been released when the joint was manipulated. Very similar results may fol low operative attempts to close sinuses, and Mr. Goadby gives several exungulus, sinus cases. By but he found that if patients were first Bares meant the sudden recrudescence vaccinated against the particular organ of the symptoms after a period of cor isms present in the sinuses these flares plete or partial quietude. A sinus is a marrow sheated track leading from the largely prevented,

surface into the depths of the wound.

presence of microbes in the wound area; eine treatment.

"ENGLISH LIES.''

THE WOUNDED.

By an Army Oriler issued distinctions in dress are to be worn on the service dress jackets by all officers and soldiers Strips who have been wounded is any of the gold Russia braid. two inches in campaigns since August 4th, 1914. length, sewn perpendicularly near the

In the case of officers the lower end of

Warrant heers, non-

Friish and French papers can still be Another important complication et had in Berlin The English papers have

of was wriften)I used to mad them re- The recurrence of flares, and the persistseptic wounds is found by Mr. Gondbybeen stopped at the frontier since this ence of sinuses is due to the continue to be influenced very favourably by vae 1gularly at my favourite coffee-house up bottom of the left sleeve of the jacket wil

to the gur of my departure. But the A wand may become completely healed Secondary hemorrhage implies the use Germans, who are reared in the implicit mark carh occasion on which officer or ver and the patient be left in apparently' of blood which may occur after the bleed-helter that what is officially, told them is man has been wounded, perfect health, yet a nest of microbes may due to the actual injury is stopped. the only thing to be credited, think that the first strip of gold braid will be in-

only lies" appear in the enemy Press. remain shut up in the depths of the old This secondary hemorrhage is caused by wound ready to burst into renewed act the spread of the damaged aren owing to So they have no faith in what they read mediately above the upper point of the

ty at a later date. The enclosure of bacterial action into the adjacent blood in English and French journals about day on the cuff.

the gold braid on the left sleeve, the lower fiving microbes in this way is particularly vessels. If these vessels are sufficiently the mighty strength the Allies will now commissioned oflcers, and men will wear apt to veear if a foreign body, sush as a large death may ensue or may be avoided being to bear on the various fronts.

I think it may be necessary for us to edge of the braid to be three inches from fragment of dead bose or a particle of only by amputation of the limb. In 34 follow Bismarck'e example in Paris in the bottom of the sleeve. The additional clothing, remains in the depths of th of Mr. Goadby's cases treated by vaccine 1870. He Tarked 10,000 Prussian troops strips of gold braid marking each sub- wound, and the flare appears usually no instance of secondary hemorrhage in the Tuilleries as ocular demonstration sequent occasioir on which wounds were after some mbequent surgical prosedure, occurred, in 3 similar cases untreated to the unfortunate populace that the received will be placed on either side of which may in itself be trivial.

by vaccine eight suffered from secondary heel of the conqueror was firaily implant the original one at a half-inch interval

Gold braid and sewings will be obtain- hemorrhage.

ed on France's hapless neck. Until Al We may cite the instance of a soldier who

Ordnance Department. The sewing on received a bullet wound in the hip The Mr. Gardby's paper may be read inied troops have been parked in Berlin, free on indent from the Artay wound was infected, but healed a short conjunction with those of numerous other Hamburg. Munich, Dresden, Stuttgar will be carried out regimentally without time. The patient, however, ad received medical men which have appeared in the and other German centres-tangible ezi damage to his hip joint und was left course of the war as showing the great fence that German military power is expense to the public,

will be extremely with a shortened and grift leg. After a progress which has been made by bacteria broken--T fear it

difficult for us to unke the German with presents no promise of an early year of convalescence an attempt, was lagists and surgeons in the treatment of

nation feel and see that it is beaten.ending of the war. Quce the smashing made to improve the joint condition. An wounds, the lessening of mortality and

All our efforts, therefore, require to process has effectually begun the colltree anaesthetic was given, and the leg forcibly the saving of limbs, which in the u bent in the single-purposed direction may quite easily be sudden. The German moved, Immediately after this manipa days would have been ruthlessly serificed of sun-hing the Germans in the field. masses are already getting to know more atson the temperature rose, the patient This work continues unceasingly at home, l'util that is done Gemany viewed from of the truth than people in England

abrand, and in the trenches themselves.

(Continued an aeri Column.) generally suppose, (Continued on next Column.)

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