1916-09-08 — Page 2

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· LACK OF TRANSPORT FACILITES IN CHINA.

U.S. FINANCIER URGES THE CON- STRUCTION OF RAILWAYS,

Mr. J. Solwyn Tait, one of America's leading financiers, has written for the New York Timer an article on financial conditions à China. Mr. Tait urges bet- ter railway systems and approves a policy of encouraging American loans to China. Mr. Tait spent most of last year in Peking and it was reported at the time that he was negotiating about industrial loans in China. His article is as foi- lows:-

The new policy of the Government, favouring the participation of American bankers in any straight loan to China, adequater secured, is undoubtedly a step in the right direction, but it is only a step where an advance along the whole ine should be considered, if any material good is to be accomplished..

CHINA'S NEW PRESIDENT.

PROSPECTS OF LI YUAN HUNG'S

ADMINISTRATION,

THE CHILD AND THE MOTHER

A NATIONAL QUESTION.

[BY LADY FRANCES BALFOUR,]

Take this child away and nurse it for me." Pharaoh's daughter may have spoken with the voice of the eternal motherhood in women, or some inspira tion may have enabled her to recognis in the river founding the future leader and law-giver, the greatest that ever guided the destin'es of a race and

•ation.

In the course of an article contributed to one of the London daily papers, on recent events in China, Mr. Edwin J. Dingle refers in the following terms to the new President Li Yuan Hung: Apart from the role he was forced to adopt at the time of the revolution of 1911, Li is practically unknown, 1 have been more or less intimate with him for It's enough for us that the legend impressed by his courtesy of manner, his problems. the last few years, and have always been holds the answer to some of our present The daughter of the Phas enthusiasm for his country, and hierachs stands as the type of State aid dreams of seeing China rise at one leap today, to the highly exalted position he thinks The question to-day is whether the sha should occupy in the world-quite conditions of a high and uplicated laudable, but a dream all the game: Li civilisation have not overlaid the pri 1s a good soldier, has had a career un-

mitive and sound instinct that the sullied (s far as can be ascertained) by wealth of a nation depends more on the oficial corruption and dishonesty, has race than on the material riches to be been a hard worker in his own limited found within its borders, that the family sphere, and certainly during the revolu is the first unit in the life of the com tiun was looked upon as the saviour of munity, and that as the family pros his country. His power at Wuchung, the pers s will the State, which is, after It is probably safe to say that China capital city of Hupeh, where the revoluil, but the great representative of the is to-day as the most critical stage in her tion broke out and of which province Li" good estates" of the realm..

There was a time when the abmarried history. It is aseless for her to claim is a native, has remained unquestioned

woman was at a discount in the social that she has existed for thousands of using the changes of the past new years, years in her present condition, and at and his popularity throughout the coun-community as being childless and having missed the great objective of her life. the same time to think that she will contry, both whrist he was a Wuchang and

Men married and had families with a tinue to do so indefinitely. The longest terwards as Vice-President at Peking, rond must have an end, and to disinter-as not waned for a moment, Foreign stronger sense of doing their duty ested observers the end is approaching writers have called Lithe "King Edward to themselves, naturally, first, but with with China now. Her unrivalled opporuf China," a man not noticeably brilliant simpler outlook in what was best for tunities have been blazoned to the world. any particular direction, a man of their country. Children were also more. From no fault of her own, possibly, she good cut, open and frank, honestly pro helpful, and a source of increased well- las failed to avail herself of these appor Chinese, full of tact and a sound know-being, at a period when the rights of

The Chinese regard his individuals were more respected, tunities, and her deadly peri to-day is ledge of men, that, with the removal of international judgment as sound. I do not think Li parent who was literally master in his own household" had a mere selfish in- restraints and the arrival of a time when would attmpt what he could not success one or more strong Powers may be able to fully put through, and, on the other terest in a large family than has the do what they like in, the readjustment of hand, could probably achieve much more State-controlled parent of today the world's physical geography, these op

than he would be willing to attempt. He

Before the legislation which followed great Reform Bill-and in these is childishly modest regarding his own. portunities may be torn from her ruth-

the

A

DEPORTED FROM JAPAN.

GERMAN TRYING TO DISTURB

FOREIGN RELATIONS.

On the ground that his actions have! been detrimental to the interests of Japan and her Allies, Herr Hemann Wohlers. for the last three years a resident of Yokohama, has been ordered to leave the country within eight days.

For the last three years Wohlers has. lived at No. 433, Hoameku. He is a chelor and has no definite occupation.

is 40 years old.

He is charged with having made several attempts to effect an estrangement · be- Great Britain. tween the United States, Japan mi

Ilis methods have been to send letters to the United States Gov ernment containing charges against the ̧- Japanese Government, and 'to circulate reports calculated to injure the relations between America, Japan and Great Britain.

His deportation comes as a sequel to the incident at the Grand Hotel on the night of the Fourth of July, when an American marine pulled the Union Jack from the wall while the dance was going

on.

Wohlers. it is said, having treated the marine to drinks, dared him to pull the British flag from the wall, and the tharine did as he wished. This marine has been sent to Shanghai for court- martial.

Wohlers is also said to have entered Yokohama Park at the time of the cele- bration of the conclusion of the new

Russo-Japanese Pact on 18th July and loudly denounced the new agreement.

CLIMATE AND HEALTH.

The effect of climate and other variable Jocul conditions upon health is a matter about which much is yet to be karued. A California physician has called the attention of the United States Wouther mireau to the undoubtedly great influence exerted, especially by the weather, and has suggested a suitable joint investiga- tion by the weather specialists and the

lessly and without possible appeal; and abilities, cannot be said to be a political relations it led to a much truer enfran-medical specialists. He foresees an early

this not only to her own loss, but to the loss of these countries which gould gain much for themselves by aiding her in her development,

leader of great capacity, and has an apt-chisement then its original purpose--a ness for depreciating his own power of parent might leave his children unted, He was initiative. Practically his first message unwashed, and untutored. to his, colleagues at Peking was that be permitted to bind them at tender ages in apprenticeships indistinguishable wished to remain President only so long is it took to restore peace, after which he from serfdom, and to the necessitous or desired to retire into private life, prefer the cruel child labour, added materialls ring that another should be elected, as his own opinion was that he had not suf fent administrative experience for the Presidency.

Such, then, is the new President of China. A good man rather than a strạng

man, lacking vision in a political sense, a reliable, capable person in the every day affairs of life,

WILL HE BE STRONG ENOUGH!

to the wealth of the household.

me when health officers will be required to be specialists, with real scientific train ing in this subject. He would have first plotting of the country to show the actual climatic conditions of every

climatic condition of every locality, and

then a study of the bodily and mental Even the solitary had his or her effects of the varying conditions. Such mysteries as the much-reviled cust wind place in that condition where all the

It is household arts had their place, and the of Boston should be cleared up. home, not the factory, was the great pro-certain that altitude, temperature, and ducer of what was needed for livelihood. prevailing and nousual winds affect many The advent of steam and machinery individuals to a marked degree, and that brought another dispensation. With it the nasal and pulmonary mucous mein- came the necessity of capital and the branes are peculiarly sensitive to varix- organisation of Tabour. The Batetions. Persistent bronchiul coughs that entered into the homes of the peopic, are and the parent was tutored and distin

It has had many advantages; no one would go back to the old order, even if he could. It seems fair, however, to face

often claim what we have lost and to see whether the State has gained quite as much a'if

If the integrity of China as hation is to be inaintained, steps ought to be taken to that end now. It is a man's task, and, situated as the world is to-day, there is only one country qualified to take the initiative with an assurance of success. That country is our own. The ability to save China, to preserve her intact as a people, while upholding her self- respect, and to help her to take her place among the great nations of the world is well within our grasp. It would be a great accomplishment, and it need not

The question naturally arises, "Will be an eloemynary act, for there is abun- dant profit to every nation aiding in the hole strong cough?", "Personally, hav upbuilding of China. Are we too "pro-

ing due regard to Li's many excellentned instead of the child. vincial" for the task, too fearful of the qualities and too fact that he is one of the must charming Chinese gentlenen it outcome, too prone to let things slide t

has been my experience to meet, I shall France, Belgium, Japan, and Russia are strong enough to harness together into The United States, Great Britain, be greatly surprised if he proves himself all interested in railroad franchises in

on working team the many fractious ele China. These railroads aro of such im

ments he will be expected to drive. And purtance to China that it may safely yet, again, I do not think it is so impera said that she has not a commercial or

tive that he should be strong in the sense industrial problem that they would not af forcing his will upon others. It is selve, while at the same time they would

not a question whether Li can successfully develop an enormous commerce with the set his back against the multitude of as- outer world. A single instance will sufpirants for bigger political stakes su The Hankow-Szechuan line, in nach as whether he can suceed in per- fice. which this country is interested, taps a province possessing a population of sirely controlling the different par- ties. One night, of course, state his seventy-eight millions of people, consist opinion that T's period will be short, ing for the most part of experienced agri and that he will not be a success-China culturists and skilled meelianics.

is so full of inconsistencies that the re- The building of the railroads is at a rors might happen. Li may turn out standstill for Jack of funds, a condition to be the proverbially righteous ruler incident to the European war. Let the whose righteous rule makes prosperous countries named förni themselves into a lives of his subjects. For it must in banking group with the support of their fairness be said that, with all their in despective Governments, their object beasistencies, the Chinese do admire, if ag to complete the railways. It may, of only in an abstract sense, the integris course, be urged that none of them has auy money to spare at the present time for this purpose, with the single excep- tion of the United States. That being the case, let the other nations borrow enough money from this country to com- plete the reads, in whole or in part. It is aufe to say that all of the roads for which franchises are held would, under proper management, very soon become paying properties, su, large and industrious re the populations they would serve.

The one trouble from which Chian sur.). So all may turn out well yet. fers is isolation. She has neither rail-

of character of those in authority over them. They know and believe Li Yian Hung to be a man whose heart beats for the people," and this. und fact may work wonders.

LESS RESPONSIBILTY, CATA moved from the people at large the Two great inducements have been re- sense of individual effort and individual possession and responsibility. If the parent has no longer complete control over those of his own household, he also knows he has much less responsibility. He is no longer allowed to look on his children as profitable investirente, and he is encouraged to behave that as they are the care of the State his part is not. unduly to increase the burdens of the State.

inest, troublesome in the city wild. often disappear in a few hours in the mountains, while a congested nasal muecus membrane that makes de miser- able much of the time in the mountains will be promptly relieved on the low land near the coast Bronchial asthma that is incurable in a city's business section may yield to curfurt in a higher and drier place a little out of town, These are a they point to a hold of inquiry of great few instances of hundreds observed, und possibilities in improving environment.

TOOK A EOT. OF LICKING,"

Before the way some of the soldiers now London were stationed at Peking. Th to be met with in, hospital uniform in London Guardian states that they were on very friendly terms with the soldiers attached to the German and Austrian Legations. The belligerent barracks were just out of bounds. but there wIES seemingly no ill-feeling.

In some classes of society women have been asked by the community to spend They did got know and could not more and to regard themselves as less imagine what was happening in Belgium tandard of the home life. Where wealth greeted each other amicably. Presently responsible for the upholding of the and France, so when they set they still has been acquired in what are known as most of them were sent away, some to the muaeged classes, gentility has

learn at their first port of call what demanded a high standard of dress and modern warfare had become, the others to luxury, and with it has coms idleness. join the Japanese soldiera in the attack If bearing children be a duty to the on Kiaochau. There in the Trenches they State, t'e birth-rate does not rise greatly

were fare to lace with their former hoon in the quarters where dwell the mer companions, the Austrians and Germimurg. chaut princes. In the industrial clasen, from Peking. They said it seemed very and those below them, everything has act

odd-indeed funny-and they recognised eth been done to relieve parents of the shouting jests from trench

other with good-natured amusement,

to trench

the Austrians, Yes, shouted the Eng One repartee they were very proud about, Here come the chocolate soldiers,' cried lishmen, and they'll take a lot of lick-

A prominent Chinese this morning tol: me that the people realise Li has his limitations, but, with one hand on his art, be dramatically exclaimed that if the ruler's heart was good he could secure onsibility of child raising and very many tens of man who had good stoma is best conditions for themselves and the ttle to help mothers to understand the (the seat of the brain, in Chinesa oplach ldren which are to be born to them

road communication to any extent noraying-aside all petty jealousies and com any public highway worthy of the nume.ining in a friendly group and a common Her only agencies for transportation are interest, the most important nations rivers and canals--both of which are slow would be welded together in a friendly. and inertain and rough tracks for arrangement which would lead to the ponies and, wheelbarrows. Not only is rapid development of China, would en- China not progressing in methods of transportation, but she is in many re- by any money going into the Orient-- spects going back. At one the she pos- would satisfy Russia, and would give to essed fire, well-paved imperial highways all an entrance into the finest market in connecting her principal cities and a the world, China does not part with the hundred and fifty thousand miles ofvnership of her railways, so that such canals. For the most part the former loans would mean no territorial en have been ploughed nuder and the latter eachment whatever. clogged up.

A writer in The Times a short time ageing." recommended that childless marriages. should be dissolved. That doctrine was practised by Henry VIII., with historical which have cone with increasing wealth Among all classes the expensive tastes consequences to several unfortunate wives have hampered the and to the great detriment of both Church moderately rich. The standard of every resources of the and State. It was an inconsequent requirement has been heightened, and thought thrown out, but the very sugges what were undreamt of luxuries to the rich Japan-which would benefit lurkey tion shows at how low an ebb is our sucestor have become necessities to the

national thought on this great subject of third and fourth generation. the generations which rise so quickly and so soon fly forgotten as a dream. How have set the standards, and a useless and The great cities of Europe and America often has the State been faced with the frequently corrupt example of fashions Andings of Commissions as to the marri and folly has led the people along the age. conditions of the people? What is the cause of sterility in women and ravag: sterility in brain power and failing broad and pleaunt path which leads to ing disease in infant life? The sin of virilite in the race, srael ignoring of the prevalence of diseases which render miserable the lives of countless innocent women and hapless infants is finding us out.

For a time foreign management, as well as foreign capital, will be necessary Railway system would engender å spirit o nationalism and would tend to China, where industrial co-operation Foreign the creation of a strong central govern is to-day well-nigh impossible. ment, which is what China' solely needs:

money must be employed under the pro- estion of foreign corporation laws until They would give rise to a spirit of pat

the Chinese begin edheated to the work. iofism on international questions in. which China is concerned, and would, be:It is no reflection whatever on China to fore lo habte her to speak on such say that she is not ready for such a re- questions w hundred million of people.

BETTER HOKES NEEDED.

Marriage can only be an honourable estate when entered into by those who know themselves to be in a condition to

The war has checked the downward pace. We stand and gaze and take fresh stock of the things which remain. The eternal verities abide though the hills be and the earth trembles. We are fighting removed, though the mountains shake for ideals, and,when we look at those ideals men and women realise that these

to all the wre of her four sponsibility now. She is, in fact, every produce children which are the glory in have become to them faded and dine ve

L

That Great Britain possessed tens of

of a happy, healthy To tain and Europe were at the same stage any a woman marriage has meant an The awakening of China brought about of their existence. The right to trade to state of suffering and disability, the have passed them by on the other side, The pursu't of caso, of luxury, and, in this way would be the best possible unlimited extent, with a limited re-knowledge of which has destroyed her above all, the craving for pleasurable es safeguard for peace in the East and for sponbility, has everywhere in the world Garden of Eden, and she has eaten forcitements aro still the ambition of every

social grade. the proper maintenance of the lunce been Star of temptation, and has the first time the bitter fruit of know- ledge. The road to mitigate these avile of power.

been properly controlled only by the in-

have certain privileges in connection with the Chinese franchises which we do not ment could be made between them and content to see her country developed by ourselves, whereby our bankers would be foreign corporations under foreign man- Existing conditions, however, amply secured and would share propor-agement. tionately in the profits of the transac need not prevent China front using for tions, while our country would share in eign capital. In her forty-eight treat the trading facilities which the other perts that capital will secure all the pro-rom the masses will improve the chances countries have under their franchises tection necessary, and those ports can be of a birth-rate which rarely falls amid This is all a matter of arrangement. By increased in number as outside territory the selfish, inconsiderate, and ignorant.ur midst, the men and women who have

--(Continued up next Colamá.)

While the European counties named stílution of upright jusigal protems and ms again and again been pointed out to thousands who had not bowed the knee of courts prompt to puniai infractions the Legislature. If the birth-rate is again to this Baal was no credit to the huckster- of the law. Until China in able to pro-to, rise, the State must prepare the waying, truth-mongering politician. That. possess, there is no doubt that an'arrage-vide these safeguards she will have to of the stud farm, but by raising the spiready to speak with our enemies was not

comes within the zone of foreign enter-

prise.

nut by preaching doctrines which saveur tary conditions of the home. Let the nets las fitted for the broods. Pure air, cap drains, sweet and wholesome milk, and food. A sensible education and a apri- tual demand for reasonable servi

(Continued un "next Column.)

we had the quiverful of the nation's youth. due to a State too half-hearted to claim a national allegiance to an unswerving standard of godly sobriety and high- hearted citizens lp. The times are evil, but the days of redemption are at hand.

We have been saved by the chosen low. H

kept their lamps burning, their loine girt

.