1936-10-10 — Page 12

THE CHINA MAIL DOUBLE TENTH SUPPLEMENT

GENERALISSIMO'S NEW LIFE MOVEMENT OUTLINED

HINA, like almost every

CHINA, like almost the

past few years, has felt the tremendously enervating ef- fects of world depression. writes Madame Chiang Kai- Press. shek in the China Each nation, according to its lights, has sought to find a way out of stagnation into normality. Italy has its Fascism. Germany its Nazism, the Soviet Union its first and second five-year plans. and America its New Deal. The primary aim of each is to solve the economic to problems involved and bring material prosperity to the people.

China, like the rest of the with a nations, is confronted similar problem, added to which is the necessity of rescuing the people from the cumulative mis- eries of poverty, ignorance, and superstition, combined with the after effects of communistic orgies and natural calamities, not to mention the grave conse quences of external aggression.

To this end, what is known as the New Life Movement has been launched, to strike at the very roots of the several evik Conditions obtaining in China are so different from those fac- ing any other country that it the would be impossible for average foreign mind to com- prehend the reasons for the pro- New Life Movement, its gramme, its actual working re- sults, and its future, without a brief explanation of the back- ground of the psychological and social state in which China finds herself after some 300 years of oppression and neglect by the rulers of the Manchu Dynasty, followed by the chaos conse- quent upon the revolution which overthrew that regime.

In foreign countries which have enjoyed the advantages of social, political, and economic period of organisation over. years, a system has been erect- have ed under which citizens

+

become accustomed to making.

"THE GENERALISSIMO.

their contributions to the pro motion of the interests of the State and to the general well- being of the people. In China, particularly under the Man- chus, no such opportunities ex-.. isted. The people were, on the contrary, restrained from inter- esting themselves in adminis- trative affairs; were compelled to accept without question the ruling of an official class; and were decapitated, banished, or imprisoned in dungeons if any ex- criticism of official action

the In reality caped them.. executioner's sword swung men- - acingly between official power and prerogatives and ant pression of public opinion con- cerning them.

ex-

In conditions such as these did not take the civilian element long to learn the wisdom of dis- creet silence. And, since in to cases of foreible attempts effect political reforms all the relatives of those deemed guilty were forthwith

exterminated,

the risks run by would-be re- formers were so great that in the course of time the whole of the people learned to accept what befell them and to confine them. selves to their own affairs.

Discouraged by every possible means from participating in ad- ministrative work or commun- ity service, they eventually for got what the State meant to

MADAME CHIANG,

them. As an old Chinese pro- verb has it, "The people dared to be angry, but they did not dare to speak." They came to believe that governmental affairs were

concern 30 theirs.

Mr. Lin Sea, Chairman of the

Nationalist Government

32

Republic of China.

of

So it happened that, when the drove aut Revolution of 1911

what was accepted as the offi- cial class, the people found themselves without any know- ledge or experience of what was required of them to build up a the new State. They were, in -main, illiterate; liberty was, at the outset, defined by them to mean license; and public service was scored by them as some- thing they never heard of and did not understand. They were. in à sense, bewildered by the transference of from the old-time official shoul- ders to their own and appeared to resent all efforts of the re- volutionary leaders

responsibility

to induce community them to undertake service to clean up the dirt of centuries of official neglect and organize those activities which, in foreign countries, seem natural course of action for the citizens...

བ

The idea of the New Life the Movement crystallized in mind of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek during the anti-com-- munist campaign. He realized that military occupation of re covered territory enough; that it must be follow- ed up by social and economic reconstruction in the devastat- ed areas; and that, to be effec-

was

not

a! the

consciousness 'tive, a national

and spirit of mutual co-opera- He saw tion must be roused.

need was that the immediate the development of the vitality of the spirit of the people. have been which seemed to crushed. He contemplated the perspective of history in the light

conditions of existing about him; he realised how much depended upon the peo- of their ple's consciousness

past; and heritage from the conviction came to him that the four great virtues of old China, Li, I, Lien, and Chih, constitut- ed a remedy that could recover the country from stagnation and ruin-because, at the time when those principles were practiced. China was indeed a great nation. He decided there and then to base a New Life Movement upon them, to try to recover what had been lost by forgetfulness of this source of China's great-

ness.

What significance lies behind these four principles which hold so much good in them for China, if they can be carried out in the spirit intended?.

First is Li, which in the or- dinary and most accepted form of translation means courtesy- And by courtesy is meant that which emanates from the heart not a formality which merely obeys the law.

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