1929-08-16 — Page 4

NYKLINE

REDUCED THROUGH TICKETS

O EUROPE VIA U.S.A. VARYING FROM £83 TO £120 ON SALE

SAN FRANCISCO via Shanghai, Japan Ports & Honolulu.

TENYO MARU

SEATTLE, VICTORIA via Shanghai & Japan Ports.

SUMMER EXCURSION RATES

and return From Hong Kong to Shanghai

Nagasaki Moj Kobe Yokohama

.II.K.3120

245

100

210

235

KOREA MARU

Wednesday, 21st August. Wednesday, 4th September.

SHIDZUOKA MARU

YOKOHAMA MARU

Monday, Mcreday,

9th September.

23rd September.

LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, HOTTERDAM via

Singapore, Penang, Colombo. Suez. HAKOZAKI MARU

HAKUSAN MARU

Saturday, Saturday,

SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Manila & Porta.

KAGA MARU

TANGO MARU

24th August

7th September.

Wednesday, 21st August. Wednesday, 25th September.

Wednesday, 28th August. SOUTH AMERICA (West Coast) via Japan, Honolulu, Los Angeles,

Mexico & Panama. BOKUYO MARU

BOMBAY via Singapore, Penang, & Colombo.

↑ TOKUSHIMA MARU

Monday, 19th August.

SOUTH AMERICA (East Coast) via Singapore, Cape Town & Porta,

KAWACHI MARU

NEW YORK, BOSTON via Panama.

KAKO MARU

TAKETOYO MARU

LIVERPOOL via Port Said,

LYONS MARU

30th August. Friday,

Tuesday, 20th August,

Friday,

Constantinople, Genoa.

CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoon.

+ MALACCA MARÜ

Friday,

Saturday,

+AKITA MARU

Thursday,

SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA.

† YAMAGATA MARU (Kobe direct) Sunday, HARUNA MARU

THE

SURVEY OF COAST

AIDS TO NAVIGATION IN KWANGTUNG

WEATHER SIGNALS

CHINA MAIL,

SHIPPING

Canton, Yesterday. Mr. Ho Chi-wei, chief of the Kwang tung Navigation Bureau, has instructed the sub-office to make careful survey of the waterways in their districts for the- purpose of selecting suitable spots for

SECTION

ENGINEERING

A QUARTER'S CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

vessels the customary plus" taler- ance was actually vetoed.

being

FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 1929.

CANADIAN

PACIFIC

SHORTEST AND QUICKEST ROUTE ACROSS THE PACIFIC

TO VICTORIA & VANCOUVER

Kobe

Leave

Aug, 27

V'ver

17 Days Hongkong-Vancouver. 14 Days Shanghai-Vancouver 11 Days Robe-Vancouver, Days Yokohama-Vancouver Y'hama Ilong Kong. S'hai Leave Lenye

Leave Arrive Ang. 21 Aug. 24

Aug. 29 Sept. 7 Sept. 4 Sept, 7 Sept. 19 Sept. 12. Sept. 21 Sept. 25 Sept. 28

Oct. 1 Oct. 12 UCE. 12 Oct. 9

EMPRESS OF RUSSIA EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF CANADA EMPRESS OF RUSS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF EMPRESS OF CANADA

The Increasing demands made upon submarine hulls in recent designs have led to the introduction of sun- dry special hull sections, one of which, the "clover-leaf" type of Pro- fessor Flamm, is the subject of (103). The investigator, finding this stetion to be, statically, "acutely in- determinate proceeds to apply the various arts of the mathematician to simplify the problems of calculation. It is stated that his conclusions are embodied by Professor Flamm in the final design, but the decided- ty

air academic

which the whole Once again the Institution of Civilprocess wears suggests that another series of "Wolf tests on a complet Engineers, with the co-operation of

ed hull might prove in the end to other engineering societies in Great

be more serviceable, in spite of the Britain and the Dominions," appears

fact that naval architects, especially in the role of remembrancer to the engineering profession, and the lat of the younger generation, still find

***** | "Wolf," est quarterly issue of "Engineering ample cause for argument in H.M.S. Abstracts" is well up

Welded Ships "Do Registration Sotleties Hinder ard of its predecessors as a remind search work being pursaed over bate if put us a subject for extem-

No change has been made in the pore discussion before

and the institutions; cechnical of the yes" would or arrangement

find useful ammuni- volume, from which it may be con- tion in Abstract No. 104, a long ex- cluded that such occasional disadvan-

Werft-Reederei-Hafen, from tages as the existing system

has serpt

describing two 600-tons d.w. tankers more particular-

built at Kiel, and largely electrically by on a first been found to justify serious pro- test by users. The drawback that that the two vessels were not built

to the rules of any particular classi From Hong Kong to SHANGHAI has been previously indicated

fication-the owners meeting their these columns-ic, the incorporation own insurance permitted a holdress

in several sec- of maritime matters

otherwise possible." Sin design as to de-.

These two tankers are ft.

198 b.p., tions in such a manner

whole of any 26.85 ft. moulded breadth, prive shipping as a

and separate identity, will be found, with ft. depth moulded; dimensions which practice, to become more a question

to the stand- |

the urection of Bghthouses, and to sender of the scope and detail of the re Progress?" night excite, Evely de-EMPRESS OF RUSSIA

estimates from local contractors of the sear.

coast of erection. The sub-officers will hereafter be fitted with barometers s0 that weather signals can be displayed for the benefit of navigation.

Local Navigation On the petiton, of the Navigation Gulid that the employees of monopolis. 'tie companies and others have been in the habit of riding on ferrica without paying their fares, the Canton Govern ment has lasted a proclamation, which is now displayed on all the boats, that, with the exception of those on duty, who are to pay half fare, all must pay the regular fare.-Canton News Agency.

formation

some of our

been said to puaintance, have welded, It is stated that "the fact

not

in

пос

15.3

Qet. 3 Oct. 12

Oct. 17 Oct. 15

Oct. 80 Nov. 2 Nov. 5 Nov. 18 Nov. 15 Nov. 27 Nov. 30

Dec.

Oct. 28

Nov.

ཏྭཱ

Nov. 18

Nov. 19

Nov. 21

Nov. 80

NOV. 21 NOV.

Dec. 3

Dec. 18 Dec. 21

Dec. 24

Dec. 5 Dec. 26

14 Jan. 4

Jan. 15 Jan. 18

Jan. 21

Jan. 28

Feb. 1

Feb. 5 Feb. 8

Feb. 11

Feb. 13

Feb. 22

Feb. 28 Mar. 1

Mar. 4 Mar. 6 Мат. 16

EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF CANADA

Apr. 19 Apr. 2 Apr. 5 Apr. 8 Apr. 10 EMPRESS OF RUSSIA

E/Asia and R/Russia call at Nagasaki the day after departure from Shau Atlantic sailings from Montreal and Quebec every few days to Liverpool. Southampton, Glasgow, Antwerp, Cherbourg and Hamburg

Mar. 12 Mar. 15 Mar. 18. Mar. 20 Mar. 29

77

Special Round Trip-Summer Fares.

and Return

"

1

NAGASAKI 13 KOBE YOKOHAMA 19

"

#

H.K. $120.00 H.K. $165.00 H.K. $210.00 · H.K. $235,00

Tickets sold at above rates will be valid for return passages up to 30th September, 1929. Final limit of sale 25th September, 1929.

HONG KONG-MANILA SERVICE

Leave Arrive

Aug. 27 Sept. 17

Aug. 29

Sept. 19

Leave Manila EMPRESS OF ASIA Aug. 30 EMPRESS OF FRANCE Sept. 20

Arrive Hong Kong Sept. 1

Sept. 22

of the dignity of the subject than an compare with the 150 ft., 29 ft. 3 in.. and 11 ft. 6 in. of the quasi-arc-wald- obstacle to ready reference.

ed coaster "Fullagar," built by Cam-i The method of

ement is all Laird and Co. in 1920, and hail Hong Kong Manila

dealing

less ship. STEAMER ACCIDENT respectively with Measurement and ed at the time as "the first rivet- Measuring Instruments, Engineering There is the difference between Materials, Structures, Transforma

division into seven

30th August.

20th September.

17th August.

29th August,

tion

18th August.

19th August. 23rd August.

S.S. "ULRIKKA" ASHORE IN WEST HAINAN

Monday, TANGO MARU (Nagasaki direct). Friday:

+ Cargo only. Reduced 1st Class Excursin Pates quoted between Manila and Australia,

For further information apply to-NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA. Tel. Central No. 292 and 3897. (Private exchange to all departments.)

O. S. K.

SAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.

LONDON,

HAMBURG,

LATEST NEWS

The latest news received here this

morning of the s.s. "Ulrikka" which went ashore at the outer bank of West Haluan on Tuesday, was to the effect that she had been located by the tug "Henry Keswick," and

Ship

and Transcission of Energy, the "Fullagar" and the two German Mechanical Processes and Appliances, was designed to carry general cargo, tankers, however, that the fornier Specialised Engineering Practice, and (VII) such general matters

CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPRESS

TRAVELLERS CHEQUES- PAYABLE THE WORLD OVER.

THE SAFEST AND MOST CONVENIENT WAY TO CARRY PUNUS.

Passenger Department: Freight and Express:

Tel. C.752 Tel. G. 42

Cables: "GACANPAC."

Cables: "NAUTILUS."

BRITISH WUCHOW LINE

end the latter oil; so that the per- economics, education, and physics.formance of the Birkenhead Each main section except the rot is and the virtues of welding as against 15 rivets in her case was necessarily further sub-divided in some detail; and, besides the general index, there judged apart from that very import- ant advantage of welding, its assur- is a a series of cross-references extend- ance of absolute oiltightness. It is ing, not only to other abstracte inance the same volume,

but also to the reported that when the tanks of the German vessels were "tested, only the This is valuable earlier volumes. feature, though it appears likely that few riveted connections gave any trouble. It is noted also, amongst mere exigencies of space must, in ather

that interesting data,

the tínie, tend to curtail direct references was towed to

structural weight of these welded to past issues.

144.5 tons only, as Hoihow because her engines were out

A measuring instrument of a distarkers was

for an equivalen of order. She will be towed back to

tinctly unusual kind is described in against 208 tons the Colony for repairs, and expected to

Abstract (3), which deals with a 35- riveted ship. On given dimensions it was found that overall costs of weld- arrive here on Monday or the day after.

ton dynamometer designed to mea-ed and riveted ships were practical- The "Ulrikka," a Norwegian steam-

sure the resistance of towed are Messrs.

ly equal, though a comparison on 4 local agents

devised by the staff of the Hamburgasis of coual deadweight showed Tank. It virtually an ex- Kartsen and Larsen, was on her way to

the welded vessel to be the cheap- tensameter on a heroic scale, the

the ex-

The Sai Keng (or the West River) Hong Kong or Munday. She then de-

of er. taken

length of over &

Properties of Steam veloped engine trouble and a wireless tunsion being

inches in a tiebar

is the third largest river in the Chin- of robust message was at once flashed out askingtion 31.4

In spite of the general acceptance inches long. The iR-

esc Republic and second only to the -new steam strument has been found accurate of Professor Callendar's

tables,

of re-Yangtze in importance. This magni- there is no cessation when within 0.7 .per cent.

subjected

department of cent trade route was opened to for- to a pull of 25 tons. The abstract search work in this

was a thermo-dynamics, No. 140 treats of that she was ashore on an outer bank does not state how the pull was a the latent heat of .saturated steam eign traffic in 1897, but how many plied, but it seems improbable that and its specifie volume, with a table foreigners travel on this important of West Hainan and that she had seven- ty passengers aboard, was intercepted the fluctuating towing effort of any by the s.s. "Suisang" which was also on her way to Hong Kong from Singa- The "Suigang" then broadcast the message and at once proceeded to the assistance of the stranded ship, but be

ROTTERDAM & ANTWERP Via Singaporeer, whose Colombo, Suez and Port Said.

... Monday, 9th September.

AMAZON MARU

RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS & BUENOS AIRES-Via Saigon, Singapore,

Colombo, Durban & Cape Town. HAWAK MARU

ROM BAY-Via Singapore & Colombo.

GANGES MARU

*SHINNOH MARU....

(Calls at Karachi). DURBAN, LOURENCO MARQUES,

Monday, 7th September.

Monday, 19th August, Tuesday, 3rd September

BEIRA, DAR-ES-SALAAM, ZANZI- BAR & MOMBASA-Via Singapore & Colombo, MEXICO MARU

Wednesday, 28th August.

CALCUTTA Via Singapore, Penang & Rangaon.

KUSADO MARU CELEBES MARU

Sunday, 18th August, Sunday, 1st September.

VICTORIA, BEATTLE, TACOMA & VANCOUVER Via Japan Perts from

Shanghai.

ARABIA MARU (From Shanghai). Tuesday, 20th August. MELBOURNE Via Manila, Brisbane & Sydney.

MADRAS MARU

HAIPHONG––Via Hohow & Pakhoi.

MENADO MARU

Thursday, 5th September.

Thursday, 22nd August, 10 a.m.

NEW YORK-Via Japan ports, San Francisco & Panaxia.

BIBUR

HAMBURG MARU

JAPAN PORTS.

SOURABAYA MARU

TACOMA MARU

KEELUNG-Via Swatow. & Abloy.

CANTON MARU

HOZAN MARU

TAKAO-Via SWATOW & AMOY.

DELI MARU

TAKAO & KEELUNG.

Tuesday, 20th August.

Friday, 16th August

Tuesday, 20th August,

Sunday, 18th August, 3 p.m. Sunday, 25th August, 2 p.m.

Sunday, 25th August, 10 a.m.

SOURABAYA MARU (Calls at Amoy) Friday, 16th August. For further pariculars please apply to-OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA.

Tel. Central No. 4088, 4089, 1090,

M. TAKEUCHI, Manager,

American Express Travellers Cheques

"Sky-blue" in colour, these Cheques give travellers the fullest protection against the loss or theft of their travel funds. They are spendable and acceptable everywhere: For more than 36 years travellers the world over have found personal service and financial security thru their use.

Issued in G$10, G.$20, G.$50, G.$100, and Ls and £10 denominations--bound in a small handy wallet--and cost only ¥ of 1 per cent. Secure your steamship tickets, hotel reservation and Itineraries; or plan your cruise or tour through THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO.,

4. DES VOEUX ROAD CENTRAL, Hong Kong.

SHIPBUILDERS,

SHIP REPAIRERS, BOILER MAKERS, FORGE MASTERS, OXY-ACETYLENE, AND

ELECTRIC WELDERS, MECHANICAL, AND

ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS.

INC.

for help.

70 Passengers Aboard

The message, which was to the effect

pore.

ON

AUGUST SAILINGS. DEPARTURE HOURS:

Hong Kong 5.30 p.m. Wuchow 2.00 p.m 8.8. "TAI HING"

[1,068 tons Capt. Trott.]

FRI. 16th WED.

*1st

AUGUST

TUES. 27th

S.S. "TAI MING" [649 tons-Capt. G. J. Splak.] AUGUST MON. 19th FRI. 30th SUN. 25th

For information apply to

KWUNG WING

67, Connaught Road West, Phone: Central 893.

Co.,

Ltd,

jfore she could arrive on the scene, sheng that have been developed in re- the specific heat of high-pressure it may be assumed that the proposal, figures) eals on a diesel engine in

received a radio message from Hong Kong stating that the "Ulrikko" had beer. refloated and was on her way to Hoihow. The "Suisang" then resumed her course to Hong Kong-

abstracts

The

in

the

pressures

Buchi

screw or paddle propelled tug could of results; No. 160 describes experi-waterway?. The scenery along the be so recorded without introducing a ments on the properties of steam at route is beautiful. We recommend it certain amount of mechanism of un-high pressures, at the Masaryk Aca-

demy, carried 100

100 deg. Cent. beyond to any person who wishes to spend a desirable delicacy.

the Callendar figures of heat-content short and economical holiday. compares in a brief survey No. 19

ives, with a three

of the methods of echo sound-values; and No. 151 gives,

chart, results obtained in researches cent years, these being the Langevin-

superheated steam. Florisson, which has been tested in

per sq. in., is unlikely to become standardised in which the charge is ignited in a the C.G.T, liner "France"; the Marti range up to 1,700 lbs.

explosion separate

chamber and and the temperatures up to 9.9 deg. use; but this should not be taken as system, which employs several differ Fahr., but it is intended to proceed evidence that the existing rating thence blows into the cylinder; which, ent means of producing the initial beyond these limits in due course. practice is incapable of improvement. it may be observed, is broadly the sound, the most original being the

Farther

same as the method used in the bot- Super-Charging Diesel Engines Steam impact of a rifle bullet on the sur-section are No. 158. giving in rath

rather

No. 184 is German thesis on the

tom end of the cylinders of the North "Henry Keswick" to the Rescue

face of the water; and the Behm

double acting Buchi

of super-charging four Eastern Werkspoor system the meantime, the tug "Henry In

portable apparatus,

which has been bare outline a note on the compila-

British in. specially adapted Keswick" left port to go to the assist

tion by the General Electric Co. of sroke diesel engines, a method which marine diesel engine. to take soundings

revised Mollier chart, extended to has already received considerable at-ternal-combustion engineers have cer was of the Norwegian ship, and below Lee, and

used in the iance

of 1927, the critical point; and No. 154, with tention in "The Journal of Com-tainly not lagged behind in this fa Wilkins Arctic Expedition from the latest report received by the

The author finds that "the stance. the help of the of two diagrams, successful-merce."

of the agents it appeared that the "Ulrikka" when depths of over 18,000 feet were

(literally) sounded. This abstract is ly summarises the very full results thermal efficiency was unable to proceed to Hoihow on her own steam and had to be towed likely to stimulate wide-spread refer- of experiments made in Germany on method is identical with that of the tees of coal pulverisers, admite

the JAY

of condensation ence to the original in the "Hydro- Attention is specially drawn to the

steam. direct engine, saving a similar com-

which is

more er pression ratio": there by the "Henry Keswick."

graphic Review of Monaco.

feature observed by the experiment leas to be expected. To quote fur- will return to Hong Kong on Monday or

Elastic Limit of Steel

The investigation indicates ers, that with superheared steam, for ther Tuesday for the necessary repairs to

Some abstracts

are provoking in temperature differences of less than that the simple diesel has a mechani- yet to be done in this direction, and be carried out here.

the way they mention points of in- 200 deg. Fahr., the heat transmission ehi arrangement gives a value of done is bound to affect the progTERS cal efficiency of 0.74, whilst the the thoroughness with which it is The "Ulrikka"

terest without going quite far enough is almost

of the actual The s.s. "Ulrikka," registered under to satisfy the reader's natural curio-

0.80";

powdered-coal firing in and the latter develops 36.9 the Norwegian flag, is commanded by sity. No. 3, on the elastic limit of No.

controversial

Wherever this new development is per cent. more power than the diesel Captain A. Perset, and was andor char-steel, states that the end of one topis, the American practice in the engine-a result, which agrees very discussed, someone has remarks it

sample was aged artificially by heat-rating of steam boilers, and preposes closely with that obtained in the make about pulverisers; though ter to Messrs. Chau Yue-teng,

several hours to 212 deg.

must be conceded that great ad- Built in 1896 by Messrs. Nylands ing for

A classification by "kilotherms," a motorship "Raby Castle." The even- F Such an observation inevitably newly coined term representing 1,000 tual conclusion is that "in the pro- varices have been made in the last Vaerksted at Oslso, the s.s. "Ulrikka," | "-"-

suggests a host of queries.

How B.Th.U.s. As it suffers from the dis- sent state of knowledge the (Bnchi) year or two to solve the complica- ex "Uto," has a net tonnage of 832

many hours

are comprised in the advantages of a close approximation arrangement appears to offer the

tions of this apparently simple pro- tons and grass, 1,439 tong.

word "several"? What period of to the old "from and at value, and most satisfactory solution of the bleza. steel screw steamer with engines in natural againg corresponds to one an almost certain confusion with the diesel problem." stalled by the builders developing. 106 N.H.P. Her dimensions are, Length 281.5 ft., beam 35 feet and depth 19.3

feet.

She is

She

2.3.

CONSIGNEES' NOTICE

Consignees of

cargo ex "Benlawers" are reminded to tako delivery of their goods which will be subject to rent after August 23.

DRY DOCK-

Length

787 Feet, Length on Blocks 750 Feet, Depth on Centre of

THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY

OF HONG KONG, LIMITED.

SALVAGE TUG “TAIKOO?

Wireless Call

V.P.G.N. 600 Meters,

TAIKOODOCK" HONG KONG,

No. 212 Central-

Over ANS. PENNANT?

Sill (H.W.O.S.T.) 34 ft. 6 ins.

THREE SLIPWAYS- Capable of Handling Ships Up:

to 8,000 Tons Displacement, Electric Crane at Sea Wall, Capable of Lifting 100 Tons at 70 Feet Radius.

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,

AGENTS

HONG KONG, CHINA & JAPAN,

temperature

raises 155

A

hour at the boiling point of water? British "therm" of 100,000 E.Th.U.. The next abstract describes (with Why did the contraction under tensile test start, as is reported, in the un- aged portion?-unless it is because the ageing process enables the metal to adjust itself to circumstances and to some extent relieve any internal stresses caused during manufacture not all tensile test

be subjected to pieces Saniforms ageing in order to ap- proximate more closely to the prob- able state of the part from which they were taken, under working con- ditions?

And if this ir the rea

reason, should

Most experimental research work bar its

its origin in some incident of principal engineering, and presumably tome effect observed in practice led to the series of fatigue bending tosta. on turbine blades, which are sum- marised in (40). It is not so stated, however, and the mere recital of re- suits without any indication of their purpose suggests that, as a standard rule for stotractors, a nota should be made of the investigators inten- tions before

a precis is made of their achievements.

The manifold uses of rubber in en- gineering are well illustrated in (53), some of the applications (eg, rubber nozzles for cement guns) be- ing very striking. Mention is made of the use of rubber in sterntubes of abips, and in pump glandaj, ez- amples of both application although the abstract does not quote them--- being found on the Clyde, where rab- ber packed stern tubes have given prolonged satisfaction in various sinal vessels. The spindles of the dewatering "pumps - at the Clyde Navigation greving docks were simi- Jarly

fitted when new pumps Were put in some 10 years ago, hea

Number 65

describing

ma device for reducing tolerance in the rolling

plates and bare, if

effec really five, should attract 80746 - attention from

shipbuilders, especially those

of

whose task it is to work within the rigid Imitations of the Washington Conference. Sir William Berry, at the Institation of Naval Architects last meetings, stated that it bad been necessary, in the Nelson and Rodney,

to introduce closer toler auces in rolling in fact, for these

No. 240, dealing with the

Fuaran

that many guarantees are largely guess- work," and says (though not in so few words) that many pulverisers

are inefficient. There is much work

2

(Continued on pagë 5.). -

BANK LINE LTD.

AGENTS FOR

ELLERMAN & BUCKNALL S.S. CO.,

SAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION WITHOUT NOTICE.

UNITED KINGDOM & CONTINENT

NEW YORK, BOSTON, & BALTIMORE

S.C. "CITY OF CANBERRA” SS. "CITY OF NORWICH"

via Suez Canal

via Suez Canal

ALSO AGENTS FOR

ANDREW WEIR

SERVICES TO

BOSTON, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA &

LTD.

ships.

ELLERMAN LINE

AMERICAN & MANCHURIAN LINE

10th September.

6th October,

CO.

BALTIMORE, AMERICAN & ORIENTAL LINE ORIENTAL AFRICAN LINE

MAURITIUS & SOUTH AFRICA

Loading for Mauritius, Reunion. Delagon Bay, Durban, East Londen, Algae Bay (Port Elizabeth),

Mossel Bay and Capetown

Chlade, Through Bits of Lading tared to Beira, Quilimaize, Iho, Port Amella, Mozambique,

Inhambane, Zanzibar, Mombasa. Kilindini, Port Nolloth, Laderitz Bay, Walvis Bay and Madagascar

For freight ar passage on any of the above lines apply to:

Telaphome

Central: 479L

THE BANK LINE,

LTD.

to

to