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sharp rise with a concurrent invasion of the blood stream by trypanosomes, or by a rise of temperature starting a couple of days after inoculation, the tempera- ture gradually rising higher every afternoon, and at some stage of this gradual rise of temperature the blood on examination will show the presence of trypano- somes. In the case of horses in which the onset is marked by a sudden rise of temperature to a great height, the animal is obviously very ill; there is extreme depression, the head droops, and the breathing is much accelerated; a thin amber- coloured discharge runs from the eyes and nostrils. In the case of calves and dogs this depression with high temperature is not a marked feature.
4. Strains of Trypanosomes used in the course of Experimental Work.- Attached will be found a table showing that these strains of trypanosomes have been used, and that the bulk of inoculations and reproductions of the disease in other animals have been made from Black Government Ox No. 1. This strain of trypanosomes from Black Government Ox No. 1 was identified as the Trypanosome Brucei, the cause of nagana; and this was confirmed by Dr. Low-Lecturer in Tropical Disease and Bacteriology, West London Hospital-and by Dr. Nabarro- Professor of Bacteriology, University College, London. The two other strains of trypanosomes used were from Dog A, and Black Government Ox No. 2, and from their character appear to be the Trypanosoma Brucei also. Each of these three animals, which furnished strains of trypanosomes used in the experimental inocula- tions, was infected naturally.
Dog A was infected by the bites of tsetse flies on the banks of the River Loko, near the town of Gellen, in the north of the Yola Province. Several of the flies caught on the banks of the River Loko were taken to Mr. E. E. Austen, of the British Museum, and identified as the Glossina Tachinoides.
From the table showing the strains of trypanosomes used, and the inoculations made, it will be seen that the strain from Dog A was transmitted to the horse and the calf; the strain from Black Government Öx No. 1 to the horse, calf, and dog; and that from Black Government Ox No. 2 to the calf and to the dog. Two small, red-headed monkeys were used in the course of experiment, but not with a view to reproducing the disease in them; this species of monkey was used by Mr. Brand in the course of his work, and he told me that they could be readily infected by inoculation with the trypanosoma of nagana, which was fatal to them. Mr. Brand, moreover, told me that the time of invasion of the blood with clinical symptoms took place about the 9th day after inoculation of the monkey.
Strains of Trypanosomes used together with the Inoculations and Injections made in the course of Experiments.
B. Imm.
Horse H. B. Imm. Dog L. {Dog O.
Dog J. B. Imm.
*Horse C
I. Dog A.
(Natural Infection).
Dog B + Horse & + Calf A +
Dog F. B. Imm. Dog R. B. Imm. Vonkey A
Dog D +
Horse I. S. Imm.
(Dog I +
Horse D +
Horse B + Dog K.
(Calf B+ Call D + Calf C
"Calf H
Calf M. 8. Imm. Dog S. 6. Imm. Monkey B. S. Imm.
Dog Imm. Horse F
Dog N
Q.
Calf I +
B. Treat.
'Horse B +
Dog II
Dog E
Calf F +
II. Black Govt. Oz 1. !', (Natural Infection). I
III. Black Govt. Ox 2, f Calf E
(Natural Infection). Dog G +
Signs used in the above-
Dog N
Calf G + Dog L
Dog H
+ Disease reproduced by inoculation (Trypanosomes found in the blood).
Horre G +
No sign = Inoculation made with no reproduction of Trypanosomes in the blood,
B. Imm.
Blood injected to try and produce immunity.
8. Imm. Serum injected to try and produce immunity.
B. Treat. Blood injected with a view to treatment.
"Calf
Calf J +
5. Blood-Sucking Flies in South Bornu.-A collection of blood-sucking flies was made by me during my journey from Yola up to Maifoni, and also while at
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Maifoni. The only tsetse fly, viz., the Glossina Tachinoids caught by me was at the River Loko, in the Yola Province, as already mentioned, but a number of other blood-sucking flies were collected by me: 'these were subsequently identified by Mr. E. E. Austen, of the British Museum, and were found to be the following:-
Tabanida.
Chrysops, sp. nov., near C. C'iliaris. Hematopata pertinens. Austen.
puniens. Austen.
L. W.
"
sp. nov., near H. tennicrus. Tabanus biquitatus, Wied form croceus.
taniola. Pal de Beur.
Austen. Surcouf.
"
ditœmatus. Macq.
"
fuscipes. Ricardo.
"
albipalpus. Walk.
""
par. Walk.
"
sp. incast, near S. secedens. Walk.
"
A new species allied to T. Latipes. Macq.
Muscida.
Lyperosia, Minuta. Bezzi.
Hippoboscido.
Hippobosca Maculata. Leach.
6. The Experiments conducted.-For the sake of convenience the experi- mented work will be divided into three sections :-
Section I., consisting of those cases that were still under experiment when the first report was submitted, together with other cases on which the treatment by intravenous injections of methylene blue and perchloride of mercury, advocated by Mr. Brand, was still being tried.
Section II., consisting of cases experimented on with a view to ascertaining the effects of methylene blue and perchloride of mercury separately on the disease, so as to find out the active agent in Mr. Brand's mixture.
Section III., consisting of cases that were injected with blood or serum from animals apparently cured by treatment with perchloride of mercury, or by Brand's mixture, with a view to trying to confer immunity on them.
Section I.
Horse B. (see chart la to 1f).-From the first report it will be seen that this animal was inoculated with trypanosomes from Black Government Ox No. 1 on 29th October, 1907, and treated with intravenous injections of methylene blue and perchloride of mercury from the 6th to 15th of November, 1907. After the course of treatment the trypanosomes were not found in the blood until the 5th December, when the temperature again rose and the trypanosomes reappeared in the circula- tion. On the 30th December the examination of the blood gave a negative result. On the 4th day after cessation of treatment Dog E. was inoculated with 10 c.c. of blood from this horse. On the 31st December it was a month and 11 days since the dog had been inoculated, but had not shown the presence of trypanosomes in
its blood.
Subsequent History of Horse B. from 1st January, 1908.—At this time the animal bad fallen off considerably in condition. The temperature now ran an irregular course, showing a slight rise in the afternoon, but showed no trypanosomes in the blood; and on the 31st January a 10 days' course of treatment by intravenous injections of 10 cc. each of perchloride of mercury (1-2000) was begun, lasting up to 9th February. On 11th February temperature was 101° F., but blood exami- nation gave a negative result. Subsequently the afternoon temperature ran very nearly a normal course, but the morning temperature was marked by a very great fall to anything between 95° and 97° F.; no trypanosomes found in the blood.
Horse B. On the 6th April the animal had become much reduced in condition and very weak, but appetite continued good. On the 7th April the temperature shot up to 106° F. and the scrotum became swollen and oedematous, but several examinations of the blood failed to show any trypanosomes. After this the after- noon temperature kept fairly normal but no further treatment was adopted, and
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