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Ilí.
ILí is nearly equal in extent to Mongolia. It extends from lat. 36* to 49° Ñ., and from long. 71° to 96* E. It is divided by the Tien Shan or Celestial Md., into two parts called Lú or Circuits, viz., the Tien-shin Peh Lú and the Tien-shần Nán Lú.
TIEN-SHAN PEH-LU is divideď by the Chinese into three com- manderies. ··· Ílí on the west, Tarbagatai on the' north, and Kúr-kara usu on the east between Ilí and Oroumtsi in Kansuh. The govern- ment is under the control of military officers residing at Ílí. This city, called by the Chinese Hwiyuên ching, and Gouldja or Kuldsha and Kura by the natives, lies on the north bank of the Íl river, in lat. 43° 46′ N. and long. 821° E. The number of inhabitants is about 50,000. The two remaining districts, Tarbagatai and Kúr-kara usu are sinall compared with fli. The chief town of the former is called Tuguchuk by the Kirghis, and Suitsing ch'ing by the Chinese. At this post there are about 2500 Manchu 'and' Chinese troops. Kur- kara usu lies où the river Kúr, north-east from Kuldsha. It is called Kingsni ch'ing by the Chinese. The total population of this country is estimated at less than two millions.
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TIEN-SHAN NAN-LU was named Sin Kiáng by Kienlung, and has been called Little Bokhara, and Chinese or Eastern Turkestan by fo- reigners. This is the country of the "Eight Mohammedan cities,” which are named as follows: Harashar, Ushi, (incluing Sairim and Bai), Oksu, Khoten, Yarkand, Kashgar and Yingkeshar.
Harashar lies on the Kaidu river, in lat. 42° 15′ N. long. 87° ́E. · Kurli lies south-west of Harashar on the Kaidu, and Bukur is two hundred miles west of Kurli.'
Kuché, one hundred miles west of Bukur, is lat 41° 37′ W. long. 82° 55′ E., is a larger and more important city than Harashar.
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Ushi lies in the valley of the Oksu in lat., 41° 35′ N. Jong. 77° 50 E. It is said to contain 10,000 inhabitants. In Chinese it is called Yungning ching.
Kashgar is situated on the Kashgar river in lat. 39° 25′ N. long. 75°E This place is the emporium of the commerce of Central Asia. Its population is estimated at 80,000.
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Yarkand or Yerkiang, which may be termed the capital of the Southern Circuit, lies on the river of that name in lat. 38° 19′ N. and long. 76° 10′, E.
Khoten, called fichi on Chinese maps, is situated on the sou theru side of the Desert in an extensive plain on the Khoten river in