Directory_and_Chronicle_1845 — Page 678

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lat. 37° N. and long. 30° E. The town of Karakash lies a few miles northwest, and is said by traders to be the capital rather than Ílchí. The principal rivers of the country of Ili are the Tarim, Kara-kash, Khoten, Yarkand, Kashgar, fli, Yamanyar, Kaidu and Charituz. Besides them there are numerous smaller streams. The important lakes are the Dzaisang,, Kizilbash, Kaltar, Alak-tukul, Temurtu, Bostang, Baba or Mapa-hissa, Yechil-kul or Green lake, and lake, Sairim.

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Tibet.

TIBET the third great division of the Chinese colonies is less known than Ílí, but its area is hardly less extensive. The Chinese call the country Si Tráng, and divide it into Tsien Tsáng and Hau Tsáng, i. e. Hither and Farther Tibet.

Hlassa the capital of Tibet, is situated on the Dsangtsu, aþout twelve leagues from its junction with the Yaru-tsangbu in lat. 29° 30' N., and long. 91° 40′ E. and is the largest town in this part of Asia. This city is the head-quarters of Budhism, and the hierarchy of lamas, who by means of the dalai-lama, and his subordinate the kú- taktu, exercise priestly control over nearly all Mongolia as well as Tibet. There are numerous convents in and near it. The popula- tion of H'lassa is conjectured to be 24,000. That of the province is reckoned by Csoma at about 650,000

The capital of Tsáng or Farther Tibet is Zhikatsé-jung or Teshu-h'lumbu, twenty-six miles west of H'lassa, the monastic resi- dence of the teshu-lama or banchin-erdeni.

LADAK is the name of a third division of Tibet. But the country is not subject to China. Leh, its capital, is situated in lat. 44° 10′ N. long. 77° 45 E.

The largest river in Tibet is the Dzangbu, Erechumba or Yaru- tsangbu. Its tributaries on the north are numerous, and among them the Wauk-tsangbu and Dzangtsu are the largest. Naka, Djadak, Dogh, Wei-tsu, Lautsan kiạng are the names of some of the other more important rivers. The Yih or Iki, Paha, Chapu, Sangbu, Tarok, Dsisak, Rab, Siranlosa, Tenkiri, Bouka, Kura, Sangri, Ravanbrad, Yamo-rouk, Pangkung and Wular, are the names of the principal lakes.

The government of Hither Tibet is in the hands of the dalai- lama and his hierarchy, overseen by Chinese residents. Further Ti- bet is ruled by the teshu-lama, assisted by a resident from Peking.