king have no claim to any higher appellation than that of garrisons or hamlets. Funghwang ting is the frontier town on the east lying near the Yähluh kiẩng, and commanding all the trade with Corea which must pass through' it.
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The Province of Kirinor Girin, comprises all the country hortheast of Shingking, bordering on the sea of Japan and gulf of Tartary. This extensive region is thinly settled by Manchus, and by tribes having affinity with them. They have been called the Kiching Tartars, and Ytipi Tartars, and other names by Du Halde. The Ghailiks: and other tribes on the coast are hardly known to the Chinese geographers, ant are completely independent. That per 6. Kirin is divided into three ruling ting departments, or command- eries, viz., Kirin ula, or the garrison of Kirin, Petuné or Pedné, and Changchun ting. Of these. Kirin is the largest ; it is situated on the Songari in lat. 43° 45′ N, and long, 126° 25′ ́ E,
Ninguta lying east of Kirin, upon the river Hourha in lat. 44° 55′ N, and long 125° 10′ E, is the largest town in the province.
The island of Tarakai or Sagalien lies off the mouth of the Kwan- tung, extending about 600 miles from lat. 46° to 54° and varying from twenty-five to one hundred miles in width. It area is about 30,000 square miles.
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The chief town in the commandery of Petuné lies on the Songari near its junction with the Sagalien in lat. 45° 10′ N., and long. 124° 40.E. It is inhabited by troops and persons banished from China for crime. It is a place of considerable trade.
The commandery of Cháng-chun is small. It lies west of Kirin and south of Petuné. Altchoucu and Larin are two garrisoned towns in Ki- rin, which have attracted some of the trade on the Songari and Amur,
The province of Tsi-tsi-har, or fehlung kjáng, comprises the north- „west part of Manchuria, extending 400 miles from east to west, and about. 1200 from north to south. Its area is about 200,000 square miles. It is divided into six commanderies, viz., T'si-tsi-har, Hulan, Puteh, Merguen, Sagalien ula and Hurun-pir, whose officers have control over the tribes within their limits. Sagalien ula, or Hehlung kiáng ch'ing, on the river of that name, is the chief town in thẹ mortheast · districts, and is used by the government of Peķing as a penal settlement.
Tai-tsi-har, the capital of the province, lies on the river Nonni in lat. 47° N., and long, 1231 E., and is a place of some trade, resorted to by tribes near the river. It was built in 1692 by Kinghi to overawe the neighboring tribes.