286
14
Carter, H. F., Ingram, A., and Macfie, J. W. S.-Observations on the Ceratopogonine
Midges of the Gold Coast, with descriptions of new species.
Parts I, II, and III. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. Vol. XIV, pp. 187, 211, and 309. In the first account of these midges, after a description of the technique The employed, the observers dealt with the bionomics of the various genera. second instalment, which began a systematic account of the Ceratopogonina, dealt with the genus Culidoides, and included descriptions of sixteen species, eleven of which were new. The larvae and pupe of several species were described in detail. Part III dealt with a new genus, Prionognathus, of which four species were described, and the genera Atrichopogon and Stilobezzia.
Evans, A. M.-On the structure and occurrence of Maxillulæ in the orders of
insects. Journ. of Linn. Soc. Zool,, Vol. XXXIV, p. 429.
A record of investigations, the object of which was to determine, as far as possible, the occurrence of structures comparable with maxillulæ in the various orders of insects. Some attempt was made to compare the form of maxillula characteristic of different orders and, where enough material was available, to study the distribution and variation of these structures within the order.
I have, &c.,
ROBERT NEWSTEAD, Professor of Entomology.
15
Professor Stephens's Report-In August, 1921, I visited an oilfield on the eastern side of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, in order to investigate the conditions responsible for sickness among the white employees.
No definite evidence was forthcoming as to the exact nature of this sickness, but in the case of one employee suffering from fever simple tertian parasites were found. In the absence of definite proof one had to assume that the sickness prevalent among the staff was due to malaria.
The extent to which malaria prevailed in the native population was deter- mined by examining the bloods of over 200 native peons and their children. These results are summarized in the following table :—
11-20
21-
0-10,
Age Period,
Number Examined.
Percentage Number Percentage
Number Percentage Infected. Examined. Islected. Examined. Infecte1.
Old Village
10
10
8
New Village
32
46-8
39
12-6 23-0
49
8-1
San Pedro
9
66.6
0.0
9
0-0
9
27
3.7
4
0.0 0.0
0@-00
0.0
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דוד ווייוייכס
61210
SIR,
No. 3.
THE LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE to COLONIAL
OFFICE.
(Received 9th December, 1921.)
The Incorporated Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
H24, Exchange Buildings, Liverpool, 8th December, 1921. Report for the period 1st May to 31st October, 1921..
I HAVE the honour to enclose, for the information of the Tropical Diseases Advisory Committee, the above-mentioned Report, which has just been received from the Laboratory, on the work done in connexion with the Government grant to the School.
SIR,
1921.
Enclosure in No. 3.
I'am, &c.,
J. L. MCCARTHY,
Secretary.
The Incorporated Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
H24, Exchange Buildings, Liverpool, 1st November, 1921.
I BEG to submit the following report for the period 1st May to 31st October,
Tuition. The number of students attending the course of instruction for the Diploma of Tropical Medicine during the autumn term is twelve, and twenty-three veterinary students are attending the special courses in Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology.
Staff-The following new appointments have been made:-
Lecturer in Helminthology: T. Southwell, A.R.C.Sc., F.Z.S: Lecturer in Protozoology: P. A. Maplestone, M.B., Ch.B. Lecturer in Entomology: Alwen M. Evans, M.Sc.
Research Assistants (Sierra Leone Laboratory): S. Adler, M.B., Ch.B.;
E. J. Clark, M.B., Ch.B.
Honorary Dean: J. Middlemass Hunt, M.B.
Research. Details of investigations undertaken during this period will be found below under Publications. The various lines of research include:-
Study and description of new helminths.
Inquiry into the treatment of sleeping sickness.
Inquiry into the mechanism of hæmolysis in paroxysmal hæmoglobinuria. During the period covered by this report, Professor Blacklock has been resident in Sierra Leone superintending the erection of the new research laboratory in Free- town, and Professor Stephens has been on an expedition to Venezuela.
Los Barroso8
San Timoteo
The absence of infection in Los Barrosos is probably associated with the fact that anophelines were only found at a distance of about half a mile, and then in only one small clay-pit. The low endemic index of San Timoteo (3.7 in children under 10) was associated with the fact that the village was built on piles out over Lake Maracaibo, and only one anopheline larva was found after prolonged search on the mainland.
Infection among the native population is of interest in that simple tertian and quartan parasites were about equally common and malignant tertian malaria (crescents) was only found twice.
The relationship of the houses of the white employees to those of the native population and to the breeding-grounds of Anopheles (C. argyrbtarsis) formed a typical example of the conditions so frequently found in the tropics. The houses of the white employees were distant on the one side about a quarter of a mile from one native village, and on the other side about half a mile from a second native village, and adjacent to this second village was an anopheline swamp extending for a mile or more.
As regards anophelines the district was of great interest in that although potential breeding-places were numerous in many parts of the area, yet no anopheline larvæ were found in them, and in fact these were only present in the swamp above mentioned, and in another small restricted swampy area between the houses of the white employees and the main swamp. It is noteworthy that only one 'species of anopheline (C. argyrotarsis) was found in the whole of the district. It should also be pointed out that small fish (Gambusia (Poecilia) tridentigera; Haplochilus sp.; Chromides (Acara) dorsigera), abounded in the swamps and streams, and were no doubt responsible for the absence of larvæ in much of the water examined.
;<
Another feature of interest was the large extent of country asphalt-covered and free from water. Thus the problem of prophylaxis in the area in question presented very favourable aspects. The prophylactic measures recommended by me consisted in :-
(1) Drainage of the anopheline swamp. If this proved successful, as estimated (a) by the diminution of anophelines in the native village, (b) by the decrease in the endemic index, and (c) by a decrease in the sickness rate of white employees, no further operations on a large scale would seem necessary.
If this result did not ensue :
(2) Removal of the native villages to anopheline-free areas; this, as we have pointed out, is possible owing to the absence of anophelines in other parts of the oilfield.
(3) Removal of the houses of the white employees. Should this become necessary, or in the event of the construction of additional houses, an ideal site existed at an
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