16
elevation of about 300 feet, and a mile distant from the anopheline swamp and the native village adjacent thereto.
I concluded that were one proceeding to lay out the camp de novo, one might have established both the white and native populations in areas where the latter would not have infected the former, and where, by locating the natives a mile at least from the anopheline swamp, their malarial infection would not have been maintained.
Entomological Department. Professor Newstead reports that owing to the state of his health during the past six months, the joint work with the Department of Trade and Commerce, Dominion Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, Canada, has been discontinued for the time being.
Mr. H. Brassey-Edwards, Senior Veterinary Officer, Agricultural Department, Nairobi, Kenya Colony, was admitted as a free student of the School for a period of three weeks, ending 4th November, 1921, during which time he made a special study of the cattle ticks of Africa, etc.
Material submitted to the Entomological Department for determination has been received from the following countries:-Belgian Congo, Southern Nigeria, Gambia, Gold Coast, Venezuela, Brazil, and Great Britain, represented a total of 118 specimens.
Sierra Leone Research Laboratory.-Professor Blacklock's Report. During the period May to October, 1921, I was engaged in Sierra Leone in connexion with the construction of the new research laboratory of the Liverpool School, which is now nearing completion. This building, which is to be called the Alfred Lewis Jones Tropical Laboratory, is situated in Freetown, on Tower Hill, an excellent site there having been generously provided by the War Department at a purely nominal rent.
In this two-storey building the accommodation consists of (1) a laboratory sixty feet long by thirty feet broad, with a storeroom below one end, and a small room attached which can be utilized as a dark room. Bench space is provided for four or five workers. There is ample space on the site for erecting an insect house, animal houses, and additional store-houses. Above the laboratory (2) a bungalow for the residential staff. It provides accommodation for a staff of three, a Director and two assistants. It is proposed that they should so distribute their time as to spend two
མ༣ thirds in Sierra Leone and one third at home.
'It is hoped that in addition to the permanent staff it would be possible to arrange that each year a recently appointed officer of the West African Medical Service should be attached for one year to the laboratory. It is felt that such an appointment would be of mutual advantage.
The University of Liverpool, has recognized the importance of this expansion on the part of the School of Tropical Medicine by conferring the honour of a Professorship on the Director of the 'Sierra Leone Laboratory. The first members of the staff have now been appointed, and are:-
Director: D. B. Blacklock. Professor of Tropical Diseases of Africa. Assistants: S. Adler, M.B., Ch.B., E. J. Clark, M.B., Ch.B. While in Sierra Leone, I carried out a survey for anopheline breeding-places in Freetown and found that, as predicted many years ago by Ross and others, the streams which run through the town form residual anopheline breeding-places which would require very large operations to eliminate permanently, but which are at the same time very difficult to treat effectually by such means as larvicides.
The Principal Medical Officer having asked me to go to an area in the Protec- torate in which it was considered that sleeping sickness was prevalent, I examined the population at a native village on the railway. Only one case was discovered, and that had evidently been contracted at a village some twelve miles away from the village in which I was working. The child infected, a male about three years of age, was in an advanced stage, and died of the disease, treatment being refused by the parents. The results of the examinations have been submitted to the Government as a report to the Principal Medical Officer.
An examination of the Cape Lighthouse Peninsula where, as a result of investigation conducted by members of the School, a considerable amount of successful clearing had been done, but had been suspended during a period of the War, showed that Glossina palpalis was now again present in the portion of the bush which had grown up since the clearing.
On my return to Freetown in December of this year I hope to be able to under- take some work on the fly in the Peninsula.
17
An apparatus which was designed with a view to obtaining by simple means a large supply of laboratory-bred mosquitoes was tested and proved efficient, and a considerable collection of Anopheline and other mosquitoes was obtained by this means. The apparatus will probably prove of service in conducting experiments with bred mosquitoes and other insects which pass their larval stage in water.
Observations were also made upon two cases of cutaneous diseases due to fungi and upon the incidence of microfilaria in the blood of natives of various races.
Papers which deal with the subjects enumerated above are in course of preparation for the Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.
Researches on the treatment of trypanosomiasis in animals by means of an arsenic compound and compounds of bismuth were undertaken, along with Dr. Adler, just prior to my departure for Sierra Leone, and the results will be published in the Annals.
Mandos Research Laboratory.—Dr. Young, who returned home in July, reports as follows:-
"In addition to the routine work of the Laboratory during this period (January to May, 1921) investigations of botryomycosis and mycotic skin diseases and examinations of tropical ulcers were continued. Further hookworm examinations of foreign residents in Manáos were made.
Drs. Gordon and Young have continued their observations on the bionomics of Stegomyia calopus, its natural enemies and feeding habits. Experiments in con- nexion with the latter were carried out to test the theory of Marchoux and Simond supporting their claim that yellow fever is transmissible only at night. This work - has since been published.
With a view to investigating filarial and other parasitic infections of dogs, arrangements were made for post-mortem examinations of stray dogs, which in Manáos are systematically collected and destroyed. This was carried out and parasites found in the intestines and other parts collected. The material obtained is now being examined.
Experiments were made in connexion with the pathogenicity of E. histolytica, but difficulty in obtaining kittens has interfered with the progress of this work.
Museum. The Committee beg to thank the following donors of valuable. specimens to the Museum :-
Dr. Aiken Clark-Miscellaneous insects from the Amazon.
Dr. R. M. Gordon. -Mosquitoes from Manáos, Brazil.
Dr. Hannington.-Porocephalus sp. (Nigeria). Entomological specimens (Nigeria). Dr. P.Th. L. Kan, Leiden.-Slides and specimens of Paragonimus westermani. Prof. R. T. Leiper.-Collection of Cylicostomes. Bilharzia infections (in monkeys). Dr. J. W. S. Macfie.-Acarids from W. Africa. A collection of Phlebotomus spp.
from W. Africa. Helminthological specimens (W. Africa).
Dr. J. W. S. Macfie and Dr. A. Ingram. The extensive collection of blood-sucking midges (Ceratopogonine) of Africa, including the types, co-types, etc., made by the donors in their Memoirs on this group of insects (vide Annals of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool).
Dr. P. A. Maplestone.-Large collection of helminths (Queensland). Capt. Noel Pillers.-Ectoparasites of Domestic Animals.
specimens.
Mr. T. Southwell.-Large collection of cestodes (India).
Helminthological
Mr. T. Southwell.-Tail of large skate (Trygon walga) showing poisonous spines
(Ceylon).
Mr. T. Southwell.-Tail of small skate (Trygon kuhli) showing poisonous spines
(Ceylon).
Professor J. W. W. Stephens.-Mosquitoes and other diptera from Venezuela. Dr. Tejera, Caracas.--Trypanosoma venezuelense, living strain from cattle in Venezuela._ Slides of Schizotrypanum cruzi and Spirocheta venezuelense. Dr. M. N. Tovar.(Through the kind interest of Dr. Chacin). A collection of blood-
sucking and other diptera from Maracay, Venezuela. Library. The Committee also have to thank the following donors of books to the Library:-
Dr. Charles T. Brues, Harvard University-Contributions from the Laboratory of
Entomology, Vols. III and IV.
Mr. Henry F. Carter. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,
1912-1920.
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