215
38
The production for a series of years at 10 year intervals was as follows:-
39
Year.
1883
1893
1903
1913
Cotton produced.
Ibe.
226,265,000
506,953,000
578,332,000
748,224,000
Public Expenditure
Loan Expenditure, 1901-13
Public Debt
Shipping entered and cleared, net tonnage
242,000
Imports (excluding bullion and specie)
Exports (excluding bullion and specie)
£1,646,000 £511,000
This wonderful result, as is well known, is the direct consequence of large capital expendi- ture on irrigation works, supplemented by agricultural research, and education on an extensive scale.
The modern history of Egypt is so well known that it is quite unnecessary to labour the point.
SUDAN.
Population (1911), not known. Aren, 1,014,400 square miles.
Public Revenue
1901.
£249,000
£418,000
1913. £1,609,000 £1,573,000
१
£6,238,000
about £6,000,000*
1913. 599,000 £2,165,000 £1,267,000
1907.+
Railway Milenge
Telegraph Mileage
Telephone Mileage
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.
1901 (year ended June 30th, 1903).
£23.000 £1,759,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
104 135
58
136 402 119
Quite apart from the fact that it is an island, Mauritius has characteristica which distinguish it completely from the African Crown Colonies.
It has a large population of European origin amounting to about 30 per cent. of the total, its standard of civilisation is accordingly high. Its communications are well developed. It is dependent on one main industry, viz., sugar growing, and it requires to import the bulk of its
food.
It exports more sugar than any other part of the British Empire, and during the war pro- vided the United Kingdom with more than half its supply of Empire produced sugar.
The production of sugar is increasing, and the high-world prices for sugar will no doubt continue to stimulate its production, which will be greatly to the advantage of the Empire.
Prior to the war, there does not appear to have been any notable capital expenditure on improvemente, and accordingly there was not that marked development to be found in those colonies where there had been such wise capital expenditure.
Aloe Fibre
Raw Sugar
1913 (June 30th, 1914).
£57,000 £2,049,000
CEYLON:
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.
Population (1911, 4,106,000. Area, 25,481 square miles.
Gold Bullion
Nil
£45,000
1901.
1913.
Cotton
£99,000
£157,000
Public Revenue
£1,762,000
Gum
£159,000
£381,000
Public Expenditure
£1,948,000
£3,498,000 £3,351,000
Ivory
£41,000
£116,000
Loan Expenditure, 1901-13
£3,238,000
Livestock
Sesame
£21,000
£176,000
Public Debt
£3,607,000
£6,100,000
£20,000
£108,000
Shipping entered and cleared (excluding vessels
calling to coal). Net tonnage
9,029,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
Imports (excluding bullion and specie)
£6,936,000
Exports (Ditto)
£6,817,000
16,126,000 £12,368,000 £15,532,000
Railway Mileage
Telegraphs
Telephones
1,054
4,930 in 1908 Figures not available.
The Sudan must of course be considered in relation to Egypt, bearing in mind, however, that during the 20 years prior to the smashing of Mahdiem in 1898, the Sudan was going back while Egypt was well on the way towards its wonderful recent development.
The Nile dominates both countries and the controlled use of its waters is the key to progress. The development of the Sudan was getting well under way by 1913 as the Export Statistics clearly show, and the passage of the Sudan Loan Act this year is the first instalment of the renewed campaign of development which the end of the war has made possible.
The area under cultivation in the Sudan has increased as follows:-
Cocoa
Coconuts
Coir, and manufactures thereof
Copra
Coconut Oil
Plumbago Rubber
Теб
1,498
4,777
PRINCIPAL EXPORTS.
Areca Nuts
£107,000
£208,000
£155,000
£201,000
£154,000
£524,000
£114,000
£303,000
£283,000 £1,397,000
£507,000
£641,000 £799 £3,174,000
£1,118,000 £608,000 £4,452,000 £5,853,000
1910
1911
1912
1913
Feddans.
1,965,000
1,703,000
1,937,000
2,303,000
COMMUNICATIONS.
Railway Mileage
Telegraph Mileage
Telephone Mileage
297 1,440
38
605
1,852 93
༄། ་། ་།
04
The slump in 1911 was due to the insufficient rains of the previous year. Rubber planting is taking place on a fairly large scale.
MAURITIUS.
Population (1911), 369,000. Area, 720 square miles.
Public Revenue
Public Expenditure
Loan Expenditure, 1901-13
Public Debt
Shipping entered and cleared. Not tonnage..
Imports (excluding bullion and specie)
Exports (excluding bullion and specie)
1901 (year ended
June 30th, 1903).
£609,000 £603,000
1913 (June 30th, 1914), £743,000 £681,000
. £309,000
£1,182,000
799,000
£2,105,000
£1,879,000
£1,280,000 833,000
£2,463,000
£2,177,000
• Much of the Loan Expenditure has been met out of advance made by the Egyptian Government, and it is difficult to assess the actual position from the published figures.
† Commercial statistics not available prior to 1907.
The bulk of the loan expenditure during the period under review has been in connection with the Colombo Harbour and Drainage Works, the Mannar Railway and other public works. The development of the export trade of Ceylon in the 12 years before the War was extra- ordinary, being due to the increased production of copra, coconut oil, tea and, greatest of all, rubber. In 1898 there were only 750 acres planted with rubber, and by 1917 this had grown to 251,000 acres. The export has grown from 65 cwts. in 1899 to 646,000 cwts. in 1917 worth £8,725,000.
The acreage planted with tea is about 400,000, mostly planted during the last 30 years, the export growing from 2,398,000 lbs. in 1884 to 195,232,000 Tbe. in 1917.
The exports of the three principal products of the coconut palm, viz., desiccated nuts, copra, and oil, have increased from 542,000 wts. in 1896 to 2,210,000 cwts. in 1914, since when war conditions have brought about a large but probably temporary decline.
The development in all these cases is largely due to a large investment of European capital administered by Europeans.
This development has been assisted by the active railway policy of the Government and the mileage in 1917 was 706 miles, and over 100 miles were in course of construction or being surveyed
Up to September 30th, 1916, £3,410,000 had been spent on developing Colombo Harbour. There are 4,038 miles of roads and 153 miles of canals.
Ceylon is a striking example of rapid development resulting from wise expenditure of public and private capital as is shown by an increase in exports of 167 per cent. in 12 years (1901-13).
26790
885/26
TOGRAPH-NUI TUJ
ALLY WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC-
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
38
The production for a series of years at 10 year intervals was as follows:-
Year.
1883
1893
1903 1913
Cotton produced.
Tha.
226,255,000
506,953,000
578,332,000
748,224,000