·
Construction
of water-le-
Betsy bath
and stuks. Pipes to be
placed out
side bous. ventilation and dis- connexion.
Pan closet- and D traps condemned.
Water
wante
"apply;
prevention.
Different patterns of closets;
flushing and waste-pre- venting cisterne.
Water waste prevention.
Overlow
17. Plate III. shows the method of fixing waterclosets, baths, and sinks in ad with the principles laid down,
1-. Fig. 1 and 2 show tw, closets with the necessary apparatus and fitting pipes from them are carried out, at once, through the wall of the house, and th nerted to a vertical soil P pe. which is carri full size
inches) to the to house, thus serving as a ventilating outlet. This ventuating pipe should be ca as straight as possible above the highest wind ws.
Sance
The
CO
the ¿
up
If there were windows in the roof it might be necessary to carry it up as show dotted lines, but bends should be avoided as much as possible. The whole arra is disconnected from the town sewer by a yphon trap and ventilating inlet manner already shown in Sheet. I and II. It will not be necessary to provide a nexion for each set of closets, one syphon and ventilating inlet may often be serve for a whole building, but no branch of any considerable length should be wat a ventilating outlet, and no trap or other obstruction to free circulation of air interposed between each or any of the outlets and the common inlet.
In Fig. 1 and 2 I have shown the disconnexion effected by a simple syph inspection pipe. the latter serving as ventilating intet.
In Figs. 3, 4, 5 more complete arrangement of a disconnecting manhole is show In all important buildings it will be well to incur the extra expense of the man account of the many advantages possessed by it.
19. The arrangement known as the pan closet, with D traps, should ou no ace used.
It is found that hidden accumulation of filth takes place in it, causing a nuisa matter how perfect be the arrangement of drains to which it is connected.
20. To provide a continuous supply of water a cistern is fixed in the roof. Ev a constant supply this is requisite to meet the occasional interruptions that mu time to time take place, an also because the mains must not be connected dirt the closet for tear of contamination to the water supply. The water from this must, on no account, be used for any other purpose than for the closets.
21. On the upper storey, one of Tylor's patent closets is shown, a very perf expensive arrangement. In it the pan is closed below by a flat valve, which fall and allows the contents to escape.
On the lower storey a much cheaper, but for most purposes, sufficiently arrangement is shown. Here there is no valve at all, but the flush of water small cistern above sweeps all before it through the trap, which, in this case stoneware. The mechanism attached to this cistern is so arranged that by pull chain for an instant only the whole of its contents, three gallons, is rapidly disch thus securing a powerful flush, the effectiveness of which depends more on the rap discharge than on the absolute quantity of water used. To this end the service are made of greater diameter than is usually the practice (1 inches and 1 respectively).
22. This cistern also serves as a water waste preventer, for there is an arranger which even if the chain be held down it is impossible to produce a continuous str
water.
ulso.
An arrangement, having the same object, is provided in the valve of the Tylor's 23. A lead trap or "safe" is placed beneath each closet to catch any leakage o
pipes are not flow.
to be con- nected to drain, bot must have
visible.
The small overflow pipes from these safes, from baths, and also from cisterns, no account be connected with any soil-pipes or drain, but their openings must be in the open air so as to be easily visible, for two reasons: Firstly, because by their outlets them to a drain a free passage for sewer gas into the house would be made.
pipes only come into action in the event of some derangement of the mechanis consequent leakage. For long periods, therefore, nothing passes through then therefore the water evaporates from any syphon or trap, which may be provided,
free passage for gas. Secondly, if connected to drains, leakage would go on undet On the other hand by leaving their mouths exposed, any water issuing from them a mess and a nuisance, attention is called to the leakage, and it is remedied. report I have already called attention to the necessity of preventing waste. F purpose alone it is absolutely necessary to adopt in all cases this arrangement of and overflow pipes,
Improperly
firted baths
and sicke
24. Fully as much danger to health is caused by improperly arranged baths and as by imperfect closet arrangements.
+
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HOUSE DR
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entilating Pipe