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For this
Trusteeship system, except in specially designated strategic areas. purpose it is given wider powers than the League of Nations. At the same time the distinction made in the case of strategic areas will enable such territories to be used for the security of the United Nations in a manner for which there is no parallel in the Mandate System. The Declaration regard- ing Non-Self-Governing Territories should govern the attitude of the Organisa- tion and its Members on every aspect of this great question, and its inclusion in the Charter marks a definite advance of great importance.
93. In addition an International Court of Justice has been set up to replace the Permanent Court of International Justice. As has been seen, it has in most respects the same constitution and functions as its predecessor, with only a few alterations which reflect the experience of the last twenty years. It is an indispensable part of the international system, and as the functions and power of the various organs grow so the importance of the Court is likely to grow also.
94. The Charter also establishes a Secretariat adapted to the division of functions of the new Organisation. As a result of the experience of the League of Nations it has been possible to lay down the principles which should govern this important body and safeguard its international character. It is, however, only through the co-operation of the Member states that capable personnel can be found worthy of the task which the Secretariat has to perform.
,,
95. It will be seen, therefore, that the Charter sets up the four main organs which, as pointed out in the Commentary on the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals (Cmd. 6571, para. 5) must "be the main elements of any inter- national body of this nature.' To these are added the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, new organs of the greatest value which mark the advance made since the Covenant was drawn up in 1919. They provide the General Assembly with operative machinery to give effect to its recommendations in economic, social and humanitarian fields so that it can become the main centre of the world's activities in these questions.
V. FINAL CONSIDERATION.
96. It is not suggested that all this machinery, however impressive it may be, can by itself preserve the peace or increase the welfare of the peoples of the world. That depends upon how governments use such machinery, and their actions in turn will largely depend upon the public opinion of their respective countries as expressed through their legislative and other bodies. This fact cannot be over-emphasised. But it would be misleading to suggest as a kind of corollary, that the nature of the machinery now provided is of secondary importance. On the contrary, if the discussions at San Francisco had resulted in creating an organisation which did not take into account the urgent needs and hard facts of the present time, the difficulties in the way of international co-operation would have been enormously increased, however anxious states might be to play their part in it. As it is, a powerful and flexible Organisation will shortly be at their disposal. An organisation, moreover, well adapted to the political realities of the modern world. Not a Super-State, which even if desirable, is unattainable at the present time; but a body designed to give practical form to the aspirations of the millions who have died in the present struggle and the millions more who are determined that, in so far as any human agency can provide, their children shall not be subjected to the horrors attendant on the crude arbitra- ment of war.
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APPENDIX A.
LIST OF UNITED KINGDOM DELEGATES AND OFFICIALS.
Chairman,
Rt. Hon. Anthony Eden, M.P., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Rt. Hon. Clement Attlee, M.P., Lord President of the Council. Rt. Hon. The Viscount Cranborne, Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs. Rt. Hon. The Earl of Halifax, Ambassador to the United States.
Assistant Delegates.
George Tomlinson, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour. Miss Ellen Wilkinson, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Home
Security.
Miss Florence Horsbrugh, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health. Rt. Hon. William Mabane, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food. Dingle Foot, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Economic Warfare.
Advisers
Hon. Sir Alexander Cadogan, Permanent Under Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.
Rt. Hon. Sir Archibald Clark Kerr, Ambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics.
Sir William Malkin, Legal Adviser.
N. M. Butler, Secretary General to the Delegation.
R. H. Hadow.
H. M. G. Jebb.
P. J. Dixon, Principal Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.
C. K. Webster.
G. G. Fitzmaurice. Captain V. Holt.
B. E. F. Gage.
P. H. Gore Booth.
Sir Anthony Rumbold.
Maurice Edward Bathurst.
J. C. Thomson, Finance Officer
A. D. K. Owen.
90
Major J. Lockhart, Private Secretary to Lord Halifax.
H. Jones, Communications Officer.
T. E. Bromley, Private Secretary to Sir A. Cadogan.
J. W. Russell.
G. E. Millard, Assistant Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.
Mrs. E. S. Gibbs.
J. Lamb, Cypher Officer.
Office of the Lord President.
Captain John Dugdale, M.P., Parliamentary Private Secretary.
J. T. A. Burke, Private Secretary.
M. Fleming.
Office of the Chiefs of Staff.
Major General E. I. C. Jacob. Colonel D. Capel Dunn.
Dominions Office.
B. Cockram.
W. A. W. Clark, Private Secretary to the Secretary of State. R. H. K. Marett.
India Office.
R. T. Peel.
Colonial Office.
A. H. Poynton. 44602
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