Thursday,
HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
September 19, 1940.
By
Walt Disney
DONALD DUCK
WELL, WELL!'
YOUR KEY,
HERE
TILL OPEN IT
FOR
OFTEN HAVE THE SAME TROUBLE WITH MY CAR!
THERE YARE WIDE OPEN!
DOLICH
"THE WINNING SPIRIT
IS WITHOUT A DOUBT.
NAPIER JOHNSTONE
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AIR RAID WARNINGS
Some people have heard
them almost daily.
only a few times
began.
others
since war
Here is
the
man
who gives the signal.
AIR CHIEF-MARSHAL SIR HUGH DOWDING, Commander-in-Chief, Fighter Command, and his staff are responsible for giving the signal to sound the sirens.
Just as it's his job to tell the anti-aircraft when 10 open up-to tell the various stations when to send up the fighters to intercept enemy planes.
An boss of the Ministry of John Home Security, Sir Anderson supervises the sirens and
who the men
But he doesn't sound them. give the word for the siren symphony.
Dowding's
Sir Hugh Fighter Command is the fisel deciding factor between you and the wailing warning- but the chain starts a long way back and the sequence of links goes on a long way pust Sir Hugh.
?
THE first link is the lonely observer Corps the unsung Home Defence. herves of
enthusiastic men Unseen, whose job is never ended.
Britain, on Throughout marshland and moor, men who are usually a bit beyond the fighting age are listening now in improvised hideouts, listening for the well-taped drone of enemy warplanes.
They have to go to desolate places to get the quietness for their job.
man
They work the super-tuned sound detectors equipment more sensitive than the hu- hundred eardrum, times magnified. Lonely weeks and months the Obser- ver Corps spend waiting and listening in the stillness of the day and night, ofteri
in the midst planted swamps or perched on bleak, windswept hills.
of
They have phones direct to the local Observer Corps cen- coded. tres, from where a flash goes to headquarters.
Flash again and G.H.Q. of the Fighter Command-the Spitfire, Hurricane and De- flant boys-know all about it. Un go the pursuit planes and out go the signals sent by the chief of A.R.P. stationed at Fighter Command.
First it's a confidential warning for the firemen, the ambulances and the rest of the great anti-raid network to stand by. You, as a mem- ber of the general public, won't hear of these. may have half a dozen of these in one district in a night when our fighters are busy chasing the tip-and-run bombers,
We
But if the raid is in carnest ON your part of the country, Then the "retion" signal is sent out and the warning is given.
The noise is part of the Engineers took years gume
It has to ẞnd the ideal wall. to be arresting. startling. -something to make you the stop, listen, and heed warning.
were
blast Factory hooters,
all whistles, klaxon tried in turn. They sounded much like the noises 100 we've tuned our ears to.
simple The siren ham a mechanism and costs $40 to £50. 11 is sold by private firms to those with authority to buy A.R.P. authorities, police and local councils.
It's like smail beer kug with both eruls open. in it I whizzes round is a rotor.
at high speed. Air, aqueczed through minute holes, does the rest.
THE men of A.R.P.
are in the the remaining links chain from observer to you.
The people who work the sirens are the police. A few are operated by nir-rald war- dens and some by chosen fac- tory hands.
beside a
The siren drum is in some high place unscreened, usual- ly on the roof of a police sta- tion or on a pole police box. Wires connect it to the switchboard below; others take the electric cur- rent from the mains.
the
In country districts siren keg is on a warden's house, in industrial areas on factory walls. Some are re- motely controlled by a central switch many miles away.
in The switchboards the communication rooms of the stations, or in the police boxes.
arc
Now, the people who work the switchboards have to be there day in and day out in shifts. There's not been a second's break since Septem- ber 3.
Their job is a simple one, On ruling out the yawning. the board are two switches, slightly larger than the aver-- age house-switch.
One sets the siren going, the other the auto-waller. It's the auto-waller that gives that sinking feeling. you Housed in a separate box, it gives the wailing, intermit- tent note,
They put that' switch on only when the signal comes along for "action." It stays on for two minutes. When the "raiders passed" is given, only, the single siren switch is operated and you don't get. the wail..
Basil Cardew
PAGE
Doctors Have
The
Halved
Casualty Lists
PHILIP JOHNSON
Describes A Medical Revolution
Among the casualties which ar- rived at a South Coast port during the miracir of Dunkirk Chinese Meward from an English destroyer
ILAR
The surgeons needed only one planer at him. "Hopeless," thru said, regretfully, and turned away to thear other men in which they had at
fcart a chance of saving ilfe
When, some hours later, they had Iestim to the end of their work, the Chinese steward was still just altue.
They operated.
Three days later the man and w In bed, and mitled
HAVE told that story be- ratase it illustrates a great truth.
Bettan is equipped to-day to deal with ensunities. whether among the civilian population or among the Services, in personnel, in skill and in apparatus on a scale undremoed of in the inst war.
All the great hospital resources. of the country have been brought within the Ministry of Health's Emergency Hospital Scheme Many of them have been extended and Improved.
Allied to have
it the skill we have now acquired, our fatal ca
have been sualties might well
less than 40 per cent of what they MET
and injury would
have been robbed of half its Lerrors.
TC-
The anes of the men and wo- men who have achieved this volution R our treatment of the injured will, perhapa, never be known They are to be found in the research inboratories and bus- pital- alt over the world. particularly in England.
*
ned
# * WHEN war broke out m 1914 practically nothing of We knew
those treatment. castialty ourly days, for instance, 80 per cent of the cases of compound fracture of the thigh, died. By the
the gure had end of war, been redured to about 20 per cent. To-day it would be even less.
All the lessons we learned in the last war are now in use. We have not dropped one of them; and a quarter of a century of prac tice has taught us more.
the In those intervening years history of thousands of cases hun been studied
and
re-studied. Selence and technique have been udvanced. And then, two years acknowledged experts in their The
Бргено nwn spheres. The Best medien skill of
knowledge among the doctors of the Emerg→ County, enrolled in
Britain in an intensive course if the ency Medical Service. command of the Government, for lectures and Instruction. treating both tary casualties.
alt-rand stil
Estimates. f
JO such Course be #fitle more than matters, cal
Jait 11
worth white Kiving the opinion of bulf a dozra Burgoods physicians and with whom 1 have talked of the subject
famous
Their view was that, if in se war of 1914-1918 we had had the medical service ready to use that we have tu-day, and could
New
ECAUSE
It is
the
new
a commonplace that In The last war shock due to injury AVGN more frequent cause of death than the actual focal In- Juries themselves.
4
of
To-day, the Royal College of Surgeons has gone a long way to- wards mastering the problem of
shock
The Medienk Research Council established a "Shock" Committee. Its Andungs are to be published Already they are most at once being anticipated to practice.
German Fighter
By C. G. GREY
of the short
Bights the bombing of
German aircraft factories by the R.A.F. has not been so extensive it might have
ILM been.
nt The Heinkel factories Oranienburg and Rustock, the factories and Messerschmitt
the B.M.W. motor factories in Bavaria, and the Daimler- Benz factories at Stuttgart, have not yet had attention.
So far most of the bombs to the have been delivered Focke-Wulff factory near Bremen.
There the chief new prodnet is small mono- supposed to be a plane, which is driven by a pusher airscrew (a propeller proper nearly all airplanes are drawn
A tractor alescrew along by front),
in
thai the Other information is Germans are making higli-level (so-called "stratosphere") born- bers, to come over here at 35,000 feet or so, where searchlights and guns are not likely to reach (or, at any rate, hit) them.
From that helght their bosabing is not likely to be at all accurute great consolation for those who live or work in their largets, but not for those who live within a radius of some miles. From that height a couple of miles away would be what marksmen call u "near outer "
for been heard Nothing has inonihs of little General Udel, one of the world's best fighting and aerobatic pilots, who was put in technical de- charge of German velopment two years or more ago. The faction in power before him had ordered a lot of big four-moter monoplanes, much like the Ameri- can Boeing "Flying Fortress"
"Udet, scrapped much advertised. the lot, or told the makers to sell them as air-liners, and went to for high-speed Heinkels, Dorniers,
and Junkers. Messerschmitts would throw., D
perhaps If Udet has been sacked, cone of fre, instead of a converg-
bas the "Flying Fortress" facilon of fire, as do our ing flat plane
come back, and is going in for eight-gun fighters.
promiscuous plastering from great heights, because Udet's preference. accurate dive-bombing and inedium level work through ac- curate bomb-sights against definite targets has cost so many casualties, thanks to our Aghters and A.A. gunners.
The pilot siis in front in a sorl of pulpit, with six or eight guns round it, which
It was designed by Mijnheer Slot, in Holland, before war whe declared in 1039. It has a Daim-
1500 h.p. of ler-Benz motor Those who have seen li say it is very fast and manoeuvrable-un- like the fast but clumsy Messersch
a so-called
Mr. Slot designed "fool-proof light airplane some two or three years ago and brought it over hero to demonstrate, but nobody wanted it. But he did not propose, then, to make a high-. power: fighter of It. And if he had done so nobody here would have
believed him.
for
High-level bombers are going to be much harder for our fighters to Ond and attack in the dark. Which merely adds weight to the argu- ment that the best way is to at- our in- tuck them at source-ag
tax attacks us. That has come
Lord Trenchard's argument been over sinco war was declared,
We know now that shock must
be treated at once if treatment
is to be suveersful,
We deal with it in the First Ald posts by keeping the patient wan, giving him hot drinks, pet- haps treating him with morphia.
In
the
hospitals there arc special resuscitation wards where those dangerously shocked have bern almost literally brought back to life,
Beds аге electrically heated. intricate oxygen plant is available -oxygen has been found to be one of the most important agents treatment of shock-and, last
ita
of all, thero blood transfusion.
Even in the last few months, the art of blood transfusion has progressed beyond all knowledge. Our new technique saved thou- sands of lives in France In the carly part of the war; it saved hundreds of other at Dunkirk,
Mr. Malcolm MacDonald, the Minister of Health, lifted the veli 11te the other day when he told the world of the dried powder made from a constituent of blood which can now be used,
Dce
Think of tins of dried milk, and then of the many times greater quantity of liquid it will make
The miracle of dried plasma Is of it can be that. Enough carried in a large suitcase for thousand men, It can be carried to the most advanced posts in the field. Men спи be treated with It on the spot.
in
☆
✩
ADVANCE has been made, too. of wounds by the treatment
in plaster of immobflising them parls. This technique is supposed by many people to have originated in the recent Spanish Civil War. But it
many years was invented by Dr Winelt Orr in Ameri- око
What the Spanish surgeons can claim is that, faced with numer- ous casualties, they improved and developed the Orr technique.
A few weeks ago I was talking to a Sister in an emergency hospi- Li She was a woman of many of the years' experience in une itreal London hospitals, and she was not one given to over-state- ment.
the
"Come and sce
she sold to me.
She led me
to
#
miracle,"
ward and
pointed to the men in the beds.
"Buros,' she said.
1 asked where, for, to my un- trained eye at least, there was no elgn.
"That."
she
miracle"
These men, rome
the replied, "s
she told me, had
France back from
very severely burned. It was unbeliev- able that they could live: and if they did live-or so it seemed to her-there would be disfigurement which plastic skill would fall to
move,
Yet, here they were, practically unmarked.
*
*
AGAIN, the
new treatment: acid by Lonnic treatment with methods unknown until recently; and, for the bad cases, burned all over, saline baths in which warm saline water is kept constantly run- ning over the burned body for 111 the sepals 1s hours on end,
the pain lessened, washed away, and the wounds begin to heal al- most as one watches.
It is one thing to restore a limb: it is quite another to restore Its use. In the last war Sir Robert Jones started centres for the treat- iment of fractures and similar in- Juries.
To-day, were he alive to see It, he would scarcely recognise his work, so great is the development that has taken place.
In England to-day the Ministry of Health has nineteen main cen-
teach soldiers,. tres in which to sailors and airmen how to regain the use of their maimed Hmbs, and 70 or more smaller centres where the work is equally well prae- tlked.
SPECIAL units have also been: set up by the Ministry for the treatment of chest and head injur- les-some of them mobile, so that there may be no need to move a man with injury to both head and chest, when to do so would prove fatal.
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