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Sir Nevile Henderson
INSTALMENT
After” “friendship talks comes disillusion
You have read how
Sir Nevile - British Ambassador #11 Berlin up to the outbreak of war—renewed his effort
to arrange
friendly
visit to Britain by, the German Foreign Minister
And how Hitler, coully
rebuffed the proposal. Then-
TR. CHAMBERLAIN made a second attempt In the course of the year 1937 to break the ice of bad rela- tions with the Nazi Govern- ment.
Arrangements had been made by General Goering, a Game Warden of The Reich, to hold a great hunting exhi- bition at Berlin In November. When I arrived at my post in May, I found that almost every European country was to be represented at this ex- hibition, except Great Britain.
It seemed to me unfortun- ate that we should not partici- pate, I conséquently appealed to the Foreign Office for help in securing a contribution
from H.M. Government, even.
at that late hour, for this pur- роке.
Thanks to their good offices a small sum was forthcoming, and a highly satisfactory col. lection was arranged.
Secret behind Halifax visit
It is perhaps not out of place to mention, here that in the final ad- judication Poland received the first prize for the European section, and Britain the first prize för its over- seas collection.
But the exhibition chielly merits mention In this record owing to the fact that it furnished Lord Halifax, nt that time Lord Pres- dent of the Council, with the op- portunity for a visit to Berlin.
It is true that in accordance with diplomatic tradition, albeit also in order to avold exciting exaggerated hopes in some quarters and appre.... hension in others, the visit was described as entirely private and unofficial, and the Lord President's status as a Moster of Fuxhounds was accordingly carefully stressed.
But the fact remained that It was designed by Mr. Chamber- lain to establish that personal contact between prominent British statesman and the Nash leaders which Ifitler was believed to seek, and which, It was hoped, might lead to a better under- standing.
As such and taken by itself, it was entirely successful and, had a better understanding been possi ble or really wanted by Hitler, the visit would have largely contrl- buted to it,
Goebbels behaved well
Lord Halifax lunched on arcival with Baron and Baroncas vori Neurath, who were old acquaint- unces, and spent his flest after- noon visiting the Exhibition of which, indeed, he was in German eyes one of the principal exhibits.
His passage through the dense throngs of people was certainly greeted by the public with evident sympathy and pleasure.
He paid it a second visit on the next day, and in the evening he went by train to Berchtesgaden, where he had a long conversation with Hitler.
He returned to Berlin on the morning of the 20th and Junched. with General Goering at Karin- hall. That evening I gave a big dinner party at His Majesty's Em- bassy at which he met most of the other lending Nazi Ministers and personalities,
On the following day (Sunday), Dr. Goebbels and his wife caine to
GERMAN
ARMS:MY
SECRET WARNING
Lord Halifax at the Berlin hunting exhibi- tion. "In German eyes he
one of the principal exhibits.".
were
tea at the Embassy. While my sister, Lady Leitrim and Lady Alexandria Metcalfe, who staying with me at the time, enter- tained Frau Goebbels, I acted as Interpreter between Lord Halifax and Dr. Goebbels.
The subject of their conversation was the Press of our two countries, and for a while thereafter there was less friction in this respect.
Nor can I refrain from observing that the reasonableness and logic. which Dr. Goebbels always dis-
Icas
His professions
cost him nothing
and were a VR- luable part his
of
stock 1r trade for delud- ing the German people, who, int
the mass, really did want to be friends with the Engilah
was
It
the patter of the conjurer intend-
ed to mislead his audience and distract their al- tention.
1930.
And, Indeed, up to
to March 15, however prepared one might be for the worst,
st
WAS
stili possible to hope that Hitler might be sincere: -that-he- meant- even approximately what he said; that he would, in fact, be satisfied once the unity of Great Germany was consummated; that all ho wanted was Germans; and that once he had got the Austrian and Sude- ten sheep Into the German fold, he would leave other nations alone and content himself with peaceful occupations and pursuits.
Provided one is prepared for the worst, one can and must always hope for the best, until the worst happens.
play in private, seemed to trule, Air Force:
in spite of his reputation, quite a good impression upon Lord Hall- fux.
The Lord President left that evering for London. His time during his five days' visit to Ger- many had been fully occupied, and the general effect was up to a point undoubtedly good.
Hitler cannot but have been- and in fact, so I heard, was--im- pressed by the obvious sincerity, high principles and straightfor ward honesty of a man liķe Lord Halifax.
The general German publle re- garded the visit as a proof of British goodwill townrds Germany and were clearly appreciative. Nevertheless, the ometal German tendency was to sit back and wait.
As Goering said to me after the visit,
Prime Minister "Does the really mean business, and will he be able to impose his will upon in England which those circles seek to negative everything which is Nazi, or which is not run on the old lines of the League of Nations, French cucirelement, collective security, and Russia as the coun- terpolse to Germany in Europe?"
That was the orthodox view in Germany at that time of British polley, but the fact was that, in spite of all his professions of a desire for an understanding with Britain, Hitler was himselt in no hurry.
He was astule enough to realise that he had first to cross the Aus- trian and other brooks. He was not prepared to sacrifice his Cen- to that tral European ambitions understanding.
Good relations with England. only meani, for blm, the acqules- 'cence of England in his schemes for die redrawing of the Central European map.
Alarming
signs
Peace was my goal, and I could not honestly work for it If I acted
"The German army and air force were super-toys, and Hitler was determined to find ... or make an occasion for proving what a formidable' super-toy maker he was."-
the whole German nation which is being prepared for war."
In the light of that paragraph written in the course of the first week of January, 1938, it seerns astonishing that one should have managed to preserve at the time
shred of optimism. any
it was, however, still possible to conceive that Hitler was acting solely on the principle for war.”
"Wild Men” wanted action
I never had a shadow of doubl that his alms were the incorpora- tion of Austrin, the Sudetenlands, Memel and Danzig. His claims in these respects were based on the principle of self-determination, and a negotiated settlement in regard to them should not therefore have been Impossible,
Even Hitler's emotion over dead -Germans in connection with the Hindenburg and Deutschland dis- asters encouraged the illusion that might recoil from a war he which such misfortunes would be.
hundred magnified
thousand
#
ture, of which the Wagnerlon lelt- motifs were the disciplined trump of armed men, ever louder and more multitudinous, and the cease- less clank of heavy machinery forging guns and yet bigger guns, lanka
heavier and ever
tanks. "bombers and stil more powerful
and destructive bombers.
It was a sombre introduction to the four-act tragedy which was to follow.
[Copyright.
Reproduction
in whole or in part strictly prohibited.]
TO-MORROW
One of the most sensa-
tional episodes in Sir Nevile's narrative.
He tells the story behind Field-Marshal Blomberg's surprising marriage, and of Hitler's "brainstorm" that followed it.
That marriage had big repercussions in European history. Sir Nevile will has proved the falsity of these tell you why.
time, which alone could do so,
hopes. Hitler and his wild men were not to be satisfied by a mere of force to achieve their
display
ends..
If one makes a toy, the wish to play with it becomes irresistible, And the German army and air force were super-toys, and Hitler was determined to find or, if he could not find, to make an occasion for proving, regardless of the cost to Germany and to the world, what- a formidable super-toy maker he
15.
As for Hitler's emotion over dead Gennars, it was undoubtedly sincere at the moment that he ex-
In fact, pressed it, und,
cor- certain senti- responded with a mental streak in his character.
But I was a typical streak of his two-sided nature, which he could assume or discard at will.
It was the same with his indig nation over oppressed Germans in other countries (not over those be It noted in the concentration camps in his own country).
So long as good relations with Poland were necessary to his policy, he evinced no sympathy for the German minority in that coun- try.
on the assumption that, whatever German
occurred or whatever one did, the end would always and inevitably be the worst,
My job was not to prophesy the worst, but to do my utmost to pre- vent it happening. In the annual
report on Ger- many, which I wrote for the year 1937, one passage ran as follows: "The rearmament of Germany, if it has been less longer news, has been pushed on with the same energy as in previous years,
"In the army, consolidation has been the order of the day, but there is clear evidence that a con- siderable increase is being pre- pared in the number of divisions tank units out- and of additional side those divisions.
"The ntr force continues to ex- pand at an alarming rate, and one can at present see no indication of
well soon a halt. We may
be faced with a strength of between 4,000 and 5,000 first-line aircraft.
"The power of the German Air Force has been still further in- creased by the intensive develop- ment of air defence, which has reached a degree of efficiency, pro- bably unknown in any other coun- try.
..
"Even the navy, though well within the 33 per cent. proportion Is training. a personnel consider- ably above the requirements of that standard,
"Finally, the mobilisation of the civilian population and Industry for war, by means of education, propaganda, training and admini- sirative mansures, has, made' fur- thor strides,
"Mfillary efficiency is the god to whom everyone must offer sacrifice. It is not an army bui
lives
will be sacrificed
In order to ensure Italy's good- will, he proved that he was quite ready to sacrifice the Germans in the South Tyrol, though possibly with the idea of sending them back again there later.
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Since the war began he has authorised the infliction of untold Batavia hardships on the Baltic Germans, simply in order to oil the wheels of his present Russian policy.
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He had publicly announced that he reckoned on heavy German losses if there was war with Po- Jand. Yet that did not deter him from conceiving and carrying out his Polisi campaign.
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I have alluded to my, mission to Berlin as a Drama. The year 1937 constituted its orchestral over-
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