1940-04-25 — Page 3

Thursday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

April 25,

MAGAZINE PAGE

THIS WAS THE NAVY'S 'LAST PRINCE OF WALES

Another

Prince of Wales

joins the Navy

A new battleship has been added to the Royal Navy, Old-time tradi- tion has been uphold. There is yet another Prince of Wales in the fighting Fleet. A famous ship's name is revived,

The naming of British warships is always a subject of considerable care. This year, it is estimated, 100 vesseln of various clusses, rang- ing from battleships to river sloups. will take the water-an average of about two per week.

Nearly every new ship will have a distinctive name which will carry on the long traditions of the Senior Service.

There sit from Ume to time in a room in the Admiralty in Whitehall a special committee of naval officers und experts.

They decide on what names for new ships should be suggested to the First Lord for subsequent sub- mission the King. For the name of every ship in the Royal Navy must be approved by his Majesty.

The new Prince of Wales is the successor to a privateer employed by the exiled King Jumes H., and captured by the forces of King Wil Ham in 1803.

The first line-of-battle ship tu bear the name, however, was not put into service, until £705, when a vessel of 74 guns was built at Mil- -ford-and-named after the future.

Prince Regent,

the

an infant of

years.

balf two and a

A con

contemporary witness describes the scene at the launching: "Ten thousand spectaturs covered the hills all round, which with several of HM. ships,, a great number at sloops, and other vessels made a beautiful appearance....

carved

and

of

"The decorations and wood arc light, graceful. elegant. The head is

bust 1.K.H. supported on each side by Liberty and Wisdom and appearing will all the dignity of a Prince of the Ancient Britons."

The ship fought at Grenada and was blown up 15 years later, a very short life for a man-of-war in those days.

"The next Prince of Wales was a vessel of 98 guns which fought at the Glorious First nf June and only missed being in line at Trafalgar owing to the fact. that she was ordered to take home Sir Richard

Spotting the Rank

LIEUTENANT ..

The duties of a Lieutenant generally consist of assisting the Company Commander; in the Infantry ho commands a platoon and in the artillery a section

of two guns. He is, pro- moted to Liouton ant from Second Lieutenant after threa years' scr- viceTMTMTMTMTM PTO- vidad ha is

fit for such promot i o n. Ho'laro sponsible to A Com• ··

pany Commander for the officiency, comfort and con- tontment of the men of tho sub' unit of which he is in chargo.

Pay: £435 a year after threa years; £462 after six years' service.

Calder, who was recalled for not fighting his forces to a fish in on action with the French off Cape Finisterre,

The following Prince of Wales had her design changed twier, and was finally bullt as a screw three- decker in 1800. She was never commissioned, and was

renamel

Britannia and anchored at Dart- mouth as a training ship. The last ship of the name was a 15,000-tons battleship of the Queen class, dat- ing from 1902, and took part in the Jast wor.

A New Lion

THE have "

THE Royal Navy will soon battleship new called, Lion, which will replace in the naval roster the flagship of Lord Beatty at Jutland,

The Lions have a history of more than 400 years, for it was in 1511 that the first Lion is recorded, a small ship of 130 tons, captured from Scotland.

bis

The Reventh of the giant battle- ship now building is the Temerare - "hame of fair renown" as was recorded when Turner painted iarumortal picture of the old Fighting Temeraire being towed to the ship- breakers yard, exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1830.

This was the famous ship which -way-second-in-Nelson's-line at Trafalgar. Her captain saw that the Victory was getting a great deal of enemy fire and manoeuvred his ship to protect her. Nelson Immediately signalled that she go astern at once, where she was bad- ly damaged.

But when the end came two hours after, it is related, "This magnificent ship lay with a French 74 on

on each side of her, both her prizes, one lushed to

and one to her ancho, mainmast

When she was finally scrapped, the occasion was made one of almost national mourning.

the

A new Illustrious ans already been comunissioned. She Navy's latest aircraft-carrier. The orginal lustrious was with Hood before Toulon in the Revolutionary wars. The second, after taking part in the ill-fated Walcheren expedition in 1809, became a train- ing ship at Portsmouth.

The last ship wos a battlesnip of 14,000 tons built in 1895.

She had a sister ship, Victorious. in the same class. There is about to be another Victorious, also an aireraft-carrier. The first Vle- forlous was 74-gunner which took part in the capture of the Cupe of Cool Hope."

Prize Captures

alrcraft-earrfers THE now

will also take two more honoured names-Formidable and implacable. The first Formidable was captured from the French by Lord Hawke at the battle of Qui- beron Bay in. 1759. Another was at the relief of Gibraltar.

Likewise the Arst Implacable Was a prize capture from the French, this time in the Napoleonle

wire.

h108

the

Everyone will welcome revival of old traditions in the numes of many of the new smaller vessels-cruisers, destroyers, sub- marines, and depot ships.

The cruiser Bonaventure has already been launched. The name a history dating back to Henry VIII. Drake made his last voyage in

Bonaventure. A Bonaventure carried the Duke of Cumberland's flag at the fight with the Armada. Sho flew Drake's flag when that redoubtable #alior. "ainged the King of Spain's beard" on the occasion of the dog- Ing raid at Cadiz.

There has been a Bonaventure in nearly every war of the past two and a half centuries,

In

1805

PUT BACK THE CLOCK

1940:

Library; Saprono Coort

It's Spring time

Brighten up with these

accessories

CHIFFON SQUARES

Newest colourings

$2.50 each

Budget Speech

1896

INCOME TAX WAS UP

TO 8d. (UPROAR); BRITAIN FACED. HER

FIRST PEACE-TIME £100,000,000 BILL; THEY

WANTED ANOTHER COUPLE OF MILLION FOR

THE NAVY (UNPRECEDENTED INCREASE")

"WITH reference to the enormous increase in expenditure the great question ought to be considered whether it is not now Increusing faster than the enpacity to bear. It.”

Wise words, you may think, in days when income tax is 7. 04. in

Land and the country faces a Budget of £2,680,000,000.

Well-and who said them? They were spoken, with due solemnity, by Sir Michael Hicks Beach ("Black Michael") when he open- ed his Budget in 1890.

It was

a stupendous occasion. For the first time in the peace history of Britain, the Budget had risen to £100,000,000, Income·lus (oh, intolerable burden!) stood at 8d. in the £. It had been 2d. in 1074, bad elsen to fd. by 1884, and, after Auctuations, was 8d. by 1894.

These facts ominous head - shakings. There were references in the debate to the "unprecedented" Increase in expenditure, which was mainly on a big scheme of naval expansion.

were noted with

This cost, the taxpayers £2,000,- 000 more than in 1805, and brought the outlay on the Navy up to a grand total of £21,823,000, or about one-seventh of the sum we are spending to-day. -

Sir Henry Fowler (Wolverlump- ton) spoke severely about the in- come tax in 1896. "I assume," he said, "that in the opinion of the Governinent, 8d. In the £ is to be taken as the normal peuce rate of Income-tax. But in my opinion #d. Is a very fair rate to unpose In time of peace." (Cheers.)

The income tax hnd been first imposed in 1841 (except for a short period during the Napoleonic wars) by Sir Robert Peel to compensate him for the loss of duties after the repeat of the Corn Laws. It was

a temporary measure which has

never been relaxed.

All For £200,000

THERE WAS

reat Budget storm, too, in 1897, when Sir Michael Hicks-Beach proposed to spend money on increasing the garrison In South Africa.

The Liberal Opposition at once raised the ery of a "war polley." Sir William Harcourt (how familiar it all sounds) trounced Mr. Joseph Chamberlain and said, "The Oppo- altion will offer a most determined resistance to money being spent on promoting aggressive and warlike policies in South Africa."

Then, after a dramatic pause. and pointing an accusing Anger, he cried: "You are asking for £200,- 000!"

And it was true. No wonder the country was shaken to its financial foundations,

Cries of "Buin" have punctualed: nearly every Budget speech. As for back as 1860, when the country was spending about £65,000,000 n year on everything, Mr. Gladstone warned Parliament about the "grent, rapid, and menacing ex- penditure" which wealthy Victorian England was incurring.

Do not imagine that the expen- riture of our grandfathers was as great as is to-day in comparison with their national Income.

When annual Budgets were about £70,000,000 in the 1870's, the na- tlona) income Was more than £1,000,000,000 a year. In other words they spent about 7 per cent. of their income. To-day England is spending five times that propor- tion on defence alone; and for all purposes she ic disbursing, more than 42 per cent. of her entire na- tional receipts.

The time they took in those days, too! Why, Mr. Gladstone once oc- cupied five hours. In counting up the ha'pence..

But when Mr. Bonar Law came to deal with the all-time high in British Budgets--the necounts of 1918 he got through them in about two hours. And in that time he had disposed of £2,972,000,000. Never before or since, not even in the figures presented by Sir John Simon yesterday, have such natron- omical figures been submitted.

We were at war, of course. The

Norman Hillson United Kingdom was then spending

·

nearly £7,000,000 a day to pay for It. Mr. Gindstone would have been bankrupt in ten days at that rate.

But in 1918 there were no shouts of alanın. We had got past ularm after four years of war. In fact. the whale debate was remarkable for the absence of such justifiable adjectives us “gigantic," "colossal,” or "unbearable."

A Luxury Tax Then

MR. BONAR LAW was quiet and unemotional. All he permitted himself at the outset was the re- mark that his statement would be on a scale "for exceeding any that lins been known at any thine or in any country."

Later in his speech he said, "We really must be moderate the umount we raise by taxution.” He explained that he was asking for

mere £774,000,000 on the exist ing basis of taxation, and he asked the Indulgence of the House for proposals to raise another £114.- 000,000 in new taxes,

He increased the super-tax from 3s. 6d. to 4s. &d; doubled the tax on farmers, on spirits (nking 55. a bottle), on beer; put 2d, on tobacco, id. on matches, 144d. on sugar; imposed a luxury tox of 2d. in the Is. raised postage from 14.

The Photographer`·

to d. the stamp on cheques from

id, to 2d.

And he increased the income tax from 5s, to 6s. in the £.

The reception of that news was so remarkable that it is worth quoting:

Mr. Bonar Law: I should have been glad to leave it at 5s,, but that is impossible, and I propose to in- crease the rate and make it 6s, in . the £.

Han. members: Hear, hear, and Not enough!

Mr. Benar Law: I hope the ex- clamations I have just heard re- flect the general view of income- Lax payers.

There was a bit of grumbling, of course, but George Robey had a song about it, and people laughed it off. The war was won that year.

One other

passage in Bonar Law's statement is worth noting. He said the figures were "an amaz- Ing testimony to the financial stability of this country.

Britons have, after all, to thank Gladstone and Hicks-Bench andd all the others for that. If they had not looked after the pennies, Sir John Shinon could not have been so prodigal with the pounds.

G. M. Murray

How Enlargements Are Made

Enlarging brings out detail you can't sea

in a small print. Both these printa were made from the same negative. Only part of the negative was paod, with surplus background and foreground area masked

out. This is another advantage of the enlarging process-you can include Just what you want, and omit excess material at the top, bottom, and sides of the picture.

BIG pictures are always better than small ones.

Not only is a large picture more impressive, but also it shows more detail-bringing out features that can hardly be seen at all in the small print.

Therefore, every enthusiastic amateur photographer has his best pictures enlarged and, usually, looks forward to the time when he can have an enlarger of his own.

Of course, he can always obtain excellent enlargements from bis photo-finisher—but the genuine hobbyist likes the thrill of exped- menting, and making big prints himself.

With a modern precision-bulit enlarger, it is easy to produce enlargements.

In some respects, It's easier than contact printing.

The film negative is simply slipp. ed into a carrier, which its a slot In the enlarger Inmp house.

When the lamp is turned on, an enlarged image is projected on a paper holder below the enlarger lans.

You slip a sheet of sensitized paper into the paper holder-make

the exposure then develop the paper as you would a contact print.

*

BY moving the enlarger head up and down, you can make prints any size up to the limitations of the enlarger,

In some enlargers, the head can also be swung to a horizontal posi tion, so that huge prints may be projected on a nearby wall.

One type of precision enlarger is designed so that it can also be used na a camera, for talding pictures,

The grant advantage of enlarg-. ing, in addition to blg prints, is that you can try special effects.

For example, by a simple process known as "dodging," you can hold back certain parts of the image and give more exposure to other parts

Thus you can bring out detall -(or subdue it) wherever you wish. Too, you can make diffused prints, : combination prints, prints with special textures-all sorts of novel effects.

Of course, for fun in photo- graphy, 'you don't have to have an enlarger, or even make your own contact prints. Millions of amateurs don't. But for the real enthusfoal, enlarging adds interest and value to the camera hobby.

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