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Hongkong Telegraph.
Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 February 15, 1939
Good Manners
AN EXAMPLE of international
good mannera is the agreement, approved by Great Britain yester- day, regarding the defence of the Aland Islands, which lie midwas hetween Finland and Sweden.
According to a brief "Reuter" message, Great Britain approves in principle the partial fortification of the islands by these two countries.
The islands are inhabited by ni Swedish-speaking population and until taken by Russia from Sweden in 1809 had always been Swedish. When Finland recovered its in- dependence at the end of the Great War, the Aland Islanders asked the League of Nations to return them) to Sweden. This was denied, and; Sweden accepted the verdict. Nor, has she since tried to alter it on the grounds that a "minority" exists on the islands. In pre-War days, or if a totalitarian State were involved) instead of Sweden, the issue would still be a typical case for war, '89 Memel le to-day.
The Lenguo decreed that the is- lands should be forever neutral The Inhabitants were to be exempt| from military service and be given! local self-government. The League| Itself promised that no one would trespass.
This idyll did not last. As the League grew weaker and the respect
SPECIAL TEA DANCE for post-war treaties dwindled, the
at
situation of the islands grew more precarious. They are not threaten- ed by Sweden or Finland, which
REPULSE BAY HOTEL may have some claim to them, but
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#
by other neighbouring countries. They were like a vacuum in the. naval situation, an air hole in the steel frame which kept up the balance in the Ballie. In the event)
of war any Power could land troops, and guns, set up naval basca and nir fields,
Instead of taking independent action on the ground of national self-intercat or any other standard excuse, Finland first approached Sweden. Together these nations
I
Abital awa
NOT ALLOWED TO DO IT'S ACT!
Arctic Exploration Is Different Now
T is an old story that Arctic explorers after some time get so tired of each other that they cannot bear the sight of their fellows and often go mad because of no reason.
I have heard it time and again, and people really get sore, when you tell them that you never had this experience yourself. People like to stay in their old error, it is so muchi casieri.
And Aretle exploration has been the object many errors from the days of old-and still are.
Some time there ruled somet mystery about the Frozen North. People who went there belleved themselves up in the very danger of their life, and their doings were handicapped by these thoughts all
the time.
Funny enough! But the explorers used themselves to be responsible for it themselves.
Haven't I read and heard lectures from many such fine travellers, always stating how much hardship they had been up against? They had been suffering from frost and gales, snowdrifts and starvations, terrible animals and frightful Eskimos, and much more than that.
When I was a small boy I always wondered why men, who had escaped such perlis, always wanted to go back there again. Because they always did! Now I have spent most of my life on expeditions and I still wonder,
KNOW for myself that I am no big hero, and if I had met such con liions I should have kept out. Pretty long distance, tool
The Arctic explorations of to-day are somewhat different from before. I shall not argue that in past years trav- ellera did have a tough time, but then again they did not do much to fight it. Read the old books about the English expeditions a hundred years ago or inore. They were all military-organised. Ofeers in uniforms in the cabins, the crew living before the mast in horrible quarters. And everybody took it for granted that a huge percentage would die from scurvy during the winter.
Then came the time with sledging as soon as the worst part of the dark- ness was over. They travelled dragging their sledges themselves; that was, the officers walker teside, euminanding the sailors, who had the harnesses on.
That was before kerosene was in use, In the evenings they used coal for cooking. Their food was mostly alt meat, and gin was supposed to be as
necessary as anything for the up- keep of life.
Only when the modern time came in the exploration of the Polar regions could amount to any thing real. The invention of the primus stove did more than any- thing else.
After that the dogstedge, dis- Lances were covered NG man would have dreamt about before,
At the same time the leadership Arctic exploration passed from England to Scandinaviu, and there
stayed for quite many years. It was the ingenious Norwegian, Fridtjof Nansen, who must have the honour for that. After him came a splendid line of strong men born in the Scandinavian coun- tries.
THE motor-boat took over the trans- portation in summer, where be tore one had rowed henvily with the skinboats or wooden ones, which, nil of them demanded a big crew. After then the aeroplane. the motorboat came the tractor, and
The coastlines of the Arctle are gen- erally known. There is no more new Jand to find and soon the lands of the frozen north will be opened ́even to lourists.
But don't anybody believe that this Is the end of the Arelle scientiño re- search. The work is only started. Now we know where to go after what wo want. Now we can take the spectallats there, safely, even if they are not ath. letle and trained to stand all kinds of hardships.
To say the truth there was often too much bluff in the hero stuff the ex- plorers liked to pull Dangers are to be found-yes, of course. In the Aro- tic there always was a fight for the upkeep of life. But now we are cap- able of taking a look at what has been done in the past, what are we doing now, and what the future will be for the Arctic,
To-day the leadership in Aretle work undoubtedly Jn in the Soviet Union. Not surprising when one takes a look at the map and sees how big a conAL- no the Soviet people possess com. pared with other countries.
✩
N International exhibition of Polar exploration is to take place in Ber Ren in the year 1040, This will be the very first exhibllon of its kind, and w show the evolution of Arctic re search
That man is not born who can help admiring Norway and its men. When- evor I visit Norway, and mostly when
Feared Iron Lung Was No Longer Available-Died
SUDDEN relief from the fear that the iron lung agreed that the islands may be for from which she had been freed after five months would tified, and that the nations should not be available if needed, is believed to have killed 28- be trained to help defend them-year-old Mrs. Gould, of Braintree Green, Braintree,
salves, But before this has been put into action all the signatory powers
Essex.
BY PETER FREUCHEN
Peter Freuchen, six-foot-seven, wooden-legged Arctic adventurer, being in London, we asked him to write this article, which we print in his own words. This famous Danish explorer belleves that the land of the Eskimo toli soon become a tourists' paradize.
I come up to the Arctic part of it. I meet mea, who-born north of the Arctic Circle-have seen the sea right outside their door from their birth. They are people who are forced to make their living from that pitiless sen, and who have developed the most splendid ways of Eighting the nature of It
Many Norwegians go year after year far up in the high Arctic, and make a living for themselves and their children and wives from hunting and flching where no other nation can go.
years added to the Arctic explora tions. It will be not only an attrac Hon for experts and specialists, it will be not less than a chapter of the history of man that can be laid open to the public.
Only a wonder that such a thing never took place beforol
No wonder, that this country got BEING an Arctic explorer myself, I sons who were born for Aretic explora tions like no one else.
So it is just and right that this coun try should have the honour of organis ing the first international exhibition of Polar exploration-at Bergen in 1940. The old capital of Western Norway | Itero came the sailors with goods from north and south. Hero have been done great things, and wo stame the odour of the old time walking on the streets here. It Is like wading in remembrances to be in Hergen.
This exhibition will not be competi Live between anybody. There is no- thing as international as Arctic ex- shed, and everything found will ploration. Results are always pub- always and has always been used net man can start
forward from where the
Many nations have during the past
had the happy fate to live in a time where the new time broke in I was a dog driver, and I wanted thousands akimboats and kayaks and walked on of miles dragging a aledge. I rowed in
kis for months, and what we brought home in my youth was little and looks humble compared with present-day collections
My best impression of this I got last year, when I Dow a stretch in art zero- plano in six hours, that had taken me three months to cover years before.
But also I had the luck to find that nothing that wo did was in vain. The exhibition in Bergen will show it to the world.
For me, Bergen in 1946, because I there will see without danger and with- small expenses, but with all the excite ments, what I tried all my life to find on my many journeys way up in the unknown and virgin deserts of the lee and now,
as well as the League have been she had lain continuously since August at the Braintree Britain Drinks
consulted. As can bo scen, Great Britain has promptly and rightly agreed to re-fortification of the islands.
The real problem is what Russia and Germany will do. They would bath like the independent little is lands for themselval.
Recently she was taken from the iron lung in which Isolation Hospittl.
More
ed in ore Beer
sighed.
"What a relict to bo back in an ordinary bed again," sho LESS fllicit liquor is being brewed in Britain; more (legal) beer Later she saw an iron lung being taken from the hospital tobacco; "uncle," the pawnbroker, and moneylenders are dis la bolag drunk; Britons are smoking loss homo-grown in emergency caused bysteria, undid Gould realised her fear was ground-
Fear that one would not be at hand, hind a screen in the hospital Mrs. appearing races, and there are now only half as many hawkers all the good work of the previous less,
ns'a year.ago. dve months.
Altdoɑtór was summoned... As ha showed her another iron lung≥zbe-
Next moment she collapsed und died,
These facts were revealed recently in the Customs and Excise annual report.