THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, JULY 27, 1938.
To Desire Peace
Is Not Enough
by Francis Williams
By Paul F
HOW IT BEGAN Berdanier
WHERE are in all the countries of the
T
world none, I believe, amongst the ordinary people who do not desire
реасс.
There may be there are as the people of Abyssinia, of Spain. of China, know with a terrible truth-some among the Governmenta of the world who desire war.
But the ordinary people wish for peace, You cannot talk to them without knowing that, whether they are British, or American, French, or German, or Italian, Russian, or Scandinavian, or South American or Central European.
Yet the world spends Lo-day six times na much on arms as it ald in 1013 on the eve of the greatest war in history.
Surely the moral is this: To desire peace is not enough; all sensible men desire that.
It is necessary to understand how peace can be obtained.
That is not easy. It is because it is 80 pasential that the Labour Party begins next week National Pence week campaign. During that campaign, at meetings all over the country neid publications such as the brilliantly written and Illustrated "Your Britain," which in reviewed on another page to-day, Labour will put before the people of Britain what it believes to be the sensible policy for pence.
This campaign was not born out of the present Cabinet crisis and Mr. Eden's resigna- tion, It was planned long before that arose.
S
OMETHING much greater than a Cabinet split and an attack by a Party in opposition upon a Govern- mont it believes to be mistaken is involved. What is involved may well be the peace of the world.
We face a frightening deterioration in the international situation.
When did 11 begin! It began in the very Treaty of Versailles which ended the last war. Against provisions in that Treaty. and speelfeally against Reparations and the Mill- tary Occupation of the Rhineland, in which were implanted the seeds of present deteriora- tion, the Labour Party protested with all its force. Its protests were unheeded by Coalition Government in power.
the
1n 1924 Labour, as a Government --- although a minority Government---had at last an opportunity of directly shaping inter- national policy. How did it use that oppor- Lunity? It used it to secure a movement to world peace through the Geneva Protocol. which would have given the world an inter- national system based on arbitration, dis- armament, and a properly organised, specific and automatic collective security for all mem- bers of the League of Nations,
A Disarmament Conference was called for 1925-but Labour was driven from office with the fake scare of the Zinuvley Letter, and the Conservative Government which succeeded it delayed the calling of that conference and scrapped the Protocol.
A
GAIN, in 1929, à Labour Govern- ment although once more minority Government-ruled, In two years, until it was driven from office in another fake scare, this is what it succeeded In doing.
It secured the évacuation of the Rhineland, restored diplomatic and commercial relations with Soviet Russia, negotiated the London Treaty of Naval Limitation with the United States and Japan, accepted and persuaded large number of other nations to accept com- pulsory arbitration in international disputes. took the lead in creating a European Com- mission for Economic Co-operation designed as an instrument to remove the economic causes of war, and raised the authority of the
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and they all offer us peace."
League of Nations to a higher level than ever before.
It prepared once again for a Disarmament Conference, which was to meet in February, 1932, and out of which there seemed every prospect of a General Disarmament Treaty.
Then It WON driven from offer. The "National Government " caine into power. Under that Government Japanese aggression in Manchuria was allowed to go unchecked, the Disarmament Conference was wrecked,
Shuce then the deterioration in inter- national relations has continued at an almost Incredible speed. To look upon the prospects for international appeasement which existed In 1031 under a Labour Government and to look upon the situation to-day, is to look almost upon two different worlds.
TT is as the realists of peace, whose polley In International affairs has Ademonstrably been proved correct
on every major issue, and which in Its two periods of office brought the world neurer to peace than ever before or since, that Labour now sets out to try to create a greater under- standing among the ordinary men and women of Britain of what is necessary for peace.
What then is necessary-now at this moment when the danger of war disturbs us so terribly?
Something more than to go almost cap In hand to the Fascist Powers, which are the only aggressive Powers in the world to-day, and to offer to them without conditions, conversations which ignore the breaking of all previous agreements.
That is Mr. Chamberlain's polley. He desires pence, but one percelves from his speeches that he understands but little of the steps necessary to secure it. Mr. Eden, who certainly desires peace no less but under- stands Foreign Affairs more, has resigned as as a protest against that policy.
What is the ordinary, man to think? What is he to do? What part can he play In shaping a real policy of peace?
What is Labour's policy? It is to establish
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peace and freedom and justice by removing from among the nations the root causes of International disputes, and to do so by con- ciliation and arbitration, by political and economic co-operation through the League of Nations and by agreements with States which are not yet members of the League.
It holds that there can be no permanent peace without recognition of International law backed by sumclent force to make that law respected by all-and if you want evi- dence to support the belief that contempt for international law means war, look to Abyssinia and to Spain and to China.
But it holds, too, that a system of law cannot prevall If it is divorced from equity- and the evidence for that is to be found in the terrible aftermath of the Versailles Treaty.
It invites all Powers who have grievances to state their case. It offors to them through a revitalised League a new system of political security and economic opportunity which will provide for all who are ready to give the poll- tieni safeguards necessary to guarantee peace an equal access to markets and raw materials and to colonial development.
I have children, as many of you who read this article have children. I want a world in which they can live happy and useful lives, a world in which there will be a place for reason and tolerance and all the lovely things of the human spirit. A world in which there will be fun.
W
AR means the end of all hopes of such a world. That is why I believe so deeply and so urgently In Labour's Peace polley. That is why I hope that in this coming week and after you will Join with us.
With your help we can do great things. Wc can sweep this muddled Government from power and get down to the business of giving British leadership to all the forces-and they are great forces-which are ready to work for
peaco.
They walt only for leadership. To give It is your privilege and your responsibility.
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