THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, October 20, 1937.
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WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1937.
THE KEY TO MONGOLIA
News of the movement of Soviet troops towards the bor- ders of Outer
Mongolia is significant only if the delicate political situation in that part of the world is understood in some degree. If, as reports from Tokyo suggest, the Japan- ese are also hurrying. fighting forces towards the southern border of Outer Mongolia, there is some cause for apprehensive ness in Japanese and Russian capitals, for the rivalry of these two powera for influence among the Mongols may well be approaching a crisis which will lead to a clash of arms.
America's Big Bosses are spending nearly £20,000,000 a year fighting the Unions with
SPIES IN THE
FACTORIES
HAVE Just come from Washington, where I have been listening to sensational revelations of methods used By American employers to smash the growing trade union movement in the United States,
Eightly million dollars a year, I discovered, was being paid out Industrial capionage. A spy in to private detective agencles for
mum estimate of forly thousand every union branch. A mini-
throughout the country.
How do these aples do their dirty work? The technique was made plain through scores of stories told in evidence to a Committee of the Senate, popularly known as the La Follette Civil Liberties Committee. and also at other official investigations."
Here are just a few.
For ten years Richard Franken- sicen had been a trimmer in the Dodro plant of the Chrysler Cor- poration in Detroit. Frenk:castcen was popular witla his mates, and they elected him as their repre- sentative in the company union.
It was not long before he and the elected representative of the other divisions found that the company union was not satisface, tory. They decided to s get together and form a rest union of their own. Fourteen locals of the Autome, tive Industrial Workers' Associa tion were organised in the Dodge plant, and Richard Frankensteen was elected president.
He was a hard working presi- dent.. He attended the nicetings, of the fourteen-locals and ande.
night, after a speech to the mem- speeches to the members. One bers of the paint shop local. Frank- ensteen was driven home in the car of the vice-president of the local, John Andrews.
This was the beginning of a Frankensteen's most trusted com- warm friendship. Andrews became
panion.
1
He was a strong trade-unionist; There has long been & three-ho harangued the men for hours cornered contest for Outer and gave them courage to go out Mongolia's sympathy and sup
on strike when 'conditions grew port. China has for centuries laid claim to sovereignty, there;
too bad; he was the leader on the picket line; he drove Frankensteen around in his car to union meet-
Both men were married and had
Ltd. Russia has established herself ings at any and all hours. Chater Road
NEWEST ARCH FIEND— PARACHUTE ASSASSIN!
TODAY'S
THE
REPORTED MISSING!
WILLIAM GARGAN - JEAN ROGERS
DICK PURCELL - HOBART CAVANAUGH
MICHAEL FITZMAURICE ... ́
Govon Pay by Jarno Chodorer, and Joseph Fields, Directed by Milea Carroll-
- A NEW UNIVERSAL PICTURE
SHOWING TO-MORROW
at the
ALHAMBRA
two children. The familles, living another, were very friendly. Five nights a week and all day. Sunday the two men rode around together," busy with their union work,
within a stone's throw of one
But every Saturday night they. set aside for fun-a Joint good time, when the two wives, with,
strongly by assisting in the creation of a revolutionary Mon- gollan People's Republic, though this state is not part of the Soviet Union;" and Japan has baited a book for Mongol sup port in Hsingan (a province of "Manchukuo") by creating an autonomous region of Mongols, their husbands, met for a meal the implication being that au- tonomy for Outer Mongolia would result if that area threw off the Russian yoke and be came allied to Japan.
The Japanese offer is attrac- tive to Mongols, for they have fought for their freedom for
and the cinoma.
In the summer of 1935, when the plant was shut down for a few weeks, the two families went to Lake Orion, for a vacation. They took a house together and shared expenses,
The Andrews and the Franken-
by Leo Huberman
stechs, were firni, fast friends for · the two years-following tint night In 1034 when John Andrews first ghook hands with Richard Frankensteen, after his speech at the
meeting of the paint locat. Yet every day for the whole period of their friendship John Andrews wrote d detailed report of the activites of his pal, Kichard Frankensteen.
Ho
Jolin Andrews was a spy. sent la reports to the office of the Corporation Auxiliary Co., a bri- valo detective agency hired by Clirycker's.
Doth the heads of the detective agencies and the officials of many firma admitted on the witness stand that what was happening to Frankensteen was happening to thousands of workers all over the United States.
The Jolu Andrewscs were at- tending unlon meetings, either as ordinary members or officials, and writing reports of union member- ship and activities.
Here is one such report given in evidence;
Tuesday, March 10, 1938. At headquarters of the Rubber Charles Workers Industrial Union Doyle, J. J. Kissell, Angello Bustini. and several uiter members were heard to say that a meeting of the em- ployees of the U.S. Rubber Reclaiming Ce was held tecretly at Liberty Hall
Jefferson and Bristol Bis, Jast evening, which was well attended and three Imembers enrolled.
“It was learned that B. Brewer, Earl Ericks. John Jackson. Willard Duns- more and Herbert Zimanski, all em ployees of the US. Rubber Reclaiming Co., have agreed to serve on the organ- isation committee."
It the usual practice was fol- lowed in this case the men whose names appeared on this report of a Pinkerton detective would shortly ba discharged-for daring to a union.
Join
It is now known that practically every union meeting is covered
red" by a hired spy. The secretary of a union testified that, having lost his minutes of a union meeting, ho went to a detective agency which cheerfully supplied: hlm with An even more detailed account of the proceedings then ho had himself noted originally!
The bearings proceuded, with bach day bringing more startling disclosures,
report to a box number In another city. He is paid $15 in cash in advance for the first week and he signs a receipt. All is woll,
But not for long. Another week or two goes by and then the stranger calls again and suggests that he's slipping his work isn't as good as it should be. "We want more of what the mon are talking about, any complaints they have, any union activity, etc.
At this point Mr. Williams may become auspicious and baulk at the idea. He may then be persuaded that clearly no would be doing no wrong if -ho wrote his reports as suggcated because all that the stockholders are interested in is tracking down the Communists, agitators, and troublemakero,
An illustration of what it all leads to.
the United States Assistant Secre tory of Labour, while attempting to settle a strike in the Chevrolet plant at Toledo. was shadowed by Pinkerton's. They trailed him wherever he went, and even planted two operatives in the hotel room next his!
The devastating effect of spy “activities may be gauged trouthe Instance of the Flint local, whose membership of 20,000 in 1935, was brought down wrecked by union officials who had been
hooked."
Bo he continues, making his re- ports "better,” as suggested. The extra money comes in handy all this while so that when he finally realizes that he has become a paid atool-pigeon' It's hard for hun to give it up, Ho 15 " booked”
If, however, he realises eoriler that there is something shady about the whole business and de eldes to quit, he may be gently reminded that he has been recoly- ing money for spying, and what would his fellow workers think of him when they are shown his aigned receipts?
A strong man faced with this possibility decides to come clean anyway, tell his fellow workers he has been framed, and so what happens.
ཕ
A weak man is frightened-and remuning "hooked." Ho works in the plant as before, draws his usual wages as a workman, and writes daily spy reports on the activities of his friends in the factors.
The record of the La Follette committco
hearings is atudded with cases of such "hooking" of innocent men.
One of the most pitiful In- stances of the terrible harm done
by hooking is the case of the young man who never could get over the feeling that he had betrayed his folloty
workots.
Even after making a clean breast of his gpying activities. oven after being absbived of all. blame by the unfor hende, he was so overcome with remorse and shame that if by chance he saw the apples in a shop window, he would break out into a cold sweat, and his heart would pound ce a trip hammer.
sign "Northern Spy" to 122 in 1030,
What does it mean to be hooked? Hooking is the technical term for the conversion by an agency opera- tive of an honest workman Into a spy.
11
Mr. Williams, a worker. comes homo some night to and stranger in his house waiting for him. The stranger, an aftable, courteous fellow, may he repre- sents a group of the stockholder who are interested in anding out whether the plant is being run as efficiently as possible, whether the management is fair to the men.
etc.
Would Mr. Williamo be interested In supplying this information, which would be of great vise to the stockholders and would harm no-
report.
body? Of course, the stockholders would pay him for his trouble- The committee was not sur-say $15 a week for writing a dally prised to hear that an agency had taken a duramy office in the build- ing occupted by the United Auto- moble Workers in Detroit, and had tapped the telephone Uries of the union and its president. That might have been expected.
But the committed was amazed to learn that Edward McGrady,
uncounted years, ever since the fluence in Outer Mongolia Mr. Justice
It is also
Swift Dies
Won Knighthood In Long Carcer
London, Oct. 19. Mr. Justice Swift, Judge of the King's Bench since 1020, died this morning aged sixty three.--British Wireless.
barrister.
Mr. Willanis, unsuspecting and in need of the money, agrees. He understands that secrecy will be necessary because tho stook- holders do not want to act upon their findings until they have col- lected all the facts.
So he consents to write a daily
A
Not all employers hire private- detective agencies to do their spy- Ing. Many companies have their own organisation, The "service. men" of the Ford Company are notorious.
Testimony was given that they were in the habit of looking through the employees' lunch- boxen and clothes in the lockers to find trade union literature.
The Ford Company, it was charged, even took a film of a demonstration of automobile em- ployees, and discharged those who wora recognised as Ford workers.
Thene ato but a few of the.. obstacles put in the way of Ameri can workers in their attempts to organise trade unions. They are truly
formidable obstacles, but
they are being overcofno. Ameri- can Labour is on the match and cannot be atopped.
-To-day's Thought--- SPIES are vultures feeding
on living men.
-RICHARD TRUESHAW,
SANCTITY EXCHEQUER
OF PACT DEFENDED
Japanese Policy Destroys Faith,
Kellogg Warns
St. Paul, Oct. 19..
RETURNS BUOYANT
troops of Imperial Peking Probably for the same reasons where once they ruled as Japan, and also because marched into their domain. Outer Mongolia. holds fourth They have rebelled against the place on the list of Russia's for- Chinese "colonisation" system [eign markets. Why does China and have finally freed them, want Outer Mongolia? Because serves of this obnoxious move it offers her opportunities in
London, Oct. 19. ment.
Exchequer returns show that total Nor. are the conserva-colonisation, markets, rich neu-
ordinary revenue amounts to £340,- tives satisfied with the Russian tral resources, to mention three.
700,334 compared with £327,100,005 kies of "revolutionary" govern-important reasons.
ut the corresponding date last year. ment, proferring their own an-
It is true that many Mongols
The difference of over £13,000,000 cient system. Japan has won
la accounted for by increased iniunct revenue of nearly £12,000,000 while the loyalty of Prince Teh, pro want to break away from Rus-
Mr. Frank B. Kellogg, co-author of the higher yield from customs and gressive Inner Mongolian leader,la for political reasons, if for
Mr. Justice Swift, whose full title the famous Kellogg-Brland Pact, in excise of over £0,000,000 is largely who has played for terms be- nothing else.
true was Sir Hugby Philip Watson Swift. a statement to-day sald:
offset by a fall in miscellaneous re- tween China and Japan and has that they want to be free of Kt, was born at St. Helens in 1874. "I still believe, as I'did in 1828, celpis.
The ordinary expenditure, less finally thrown his influence to Chinese control, which has He was the son of Mr. Thomas Swift, that the hope of world peace depends
on the observance by all the signa- | self-balancing items, totals £467,-. the side of the latter, whose threatened to strangle their in-
Educated at Liverpool, he took histories of the terms and principles of 014,020 compared with £421,010,762 promises appear to have been dividuality. Japan appears to numerous and satisfying. China hold the best cards in this LL. D. degree at the London Univer- Pact of Paris. We can reconcile at the corresponding date of 1930.
alty, and received an honorary LL.D. the present policy of Japan in China British Wireless.
neither to the letter nor the spirit of attempted to counteract the game, but the Mongols them degree from the University of Liver- the Pact. It is a matter for definito Japanese intrigue among the selves have the high trumps. pool in 1935,
WANT NO WAR [regret that any Government should Mongol leaders by creating an They are in a position, to bar Ha wos called to the bar In 1895, show disregard for its plighted word,
IN FAR EAST autonomous state in Sulyuan, gain, and they should get good and was a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn for it is destructive, not only to the but the only result has been to terms. They may, by becoming in 1916. He was appointed K.C. In Fact, but to the mutual confidence on 1912. Ho administered the Northern which alone society and nations can weaken the Chinese position in a willing, independent, buffer Circuit, and was Conservative M.P. exist. The niternative to such con-
AMERICANS REQUIRE that aren and give, Japan, state, attain to the position offror St. Helens from 1910 to 1918. He fidence is international, anarchy." PROTECTION ONLY":
Mr. Kellogg said that governments through her. Mongol allies, a keepers of the peace in the Far was Recorder at Wigan from 1015 to
New York, Oct. is. stronger foothold against Rus- East. It is remotely possible 1020 and became Judge of the King's believing in the sanctity of inter-
Willians Painter, vetcrun sia. It is the fact that Japan that with Outer Mongolian Beach Division of the High Court of national obligations "ahould consider
Justice in 1020.
very carefully steps that can bo Shanghat resident, who recently In 1002 he married Beatrice, taken to make effective, the Fact."-arrived here via Manchuria, Russia is treating the Mongols as alllea Butonomy soundly established
and Poland, told the press that the that has probably won her most Japan would be content to retire daughter of the late Mr. Jahn Banks United Press.
from the perilous adventuro on Walmsley, a Liverpool shipowner.
Americans in Shanghal do not want friends among them.
the United States to get tangled in the Chincie mess at any price," but Why does Japan want in the mainland, contenting her- fluence in or independence for self with present conquests, for bring Russia into netion to pre-
|they are-desirous of soms-assurance Mongolia, nearly as big na
the! of a positive, policy, insuring Outer Mongolia? To check the China itself, should be adequate vent the creation of a second
continuance of American busines spread of Russian power
"Manchukuo" in Mongolia and
Rotterdam, Oct. 10,
and trade in the Orient, westward, and to put as much insulation against the Soviet the setting up of a new puppat
In the contest for the chess cham- "The biggest mistake the United neutral territory as possible proper or the Sovietised pro-regime at Urga. Such a de-plonship titlo of the world, Dr. States could make," he said, "would between her own possessions
velopment would be distinctly Alekhino and Dr.. Euwe have finish-be to get embroiled in that war. The and_the Red Bear for fairly There is always the danger,fadvantageous for China.. The ed the first six games on level terms biggest mistake the United States has Both have won twice and the other already made thinking it is obvious reasons. Why does of course, that a definite swing Mongols once again are in a two games were left drawn-Reuter's necessary to go to war to protest.
Special. Russia want to retain her in- of the Mongols to Japan will position to make history.
Americans in China."--United-Press.
vince of Sinklang,
CHESS WIZARDS "ALL SQUARE”
Mr.