16
THE HONGKONG
TELEGRAPH. SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1936.
Men and Things Abroad
O
derson,
NE of the wisest things evor said about inter- national affairs was said to me by Arthur Hen-
It was on the day on which ho was appointed Foreign Becro- tary in 1929. And we were talk- Ing of the main lines of policy of the new Government.
"I
want,"
sald Henderson, "to approach our problemя, not from the standpoint of national strategy, but from the standpoint of international co-operation."
That has always seemed to me a fundamental distinction: be- tween polley that aims at peaceful co-operation, and policy that aims at strategic advantage.
And the worst feature of the present moment is that (at any. rate, among the Great Powers) governments of foreign omees are, thinking again, almost entirely, in terms of strategy.
Boomerang
CLAUSEWITZ' famous saying that "war is the continuation of policy" is an obvious enough truth of certain kinds of policy.
In the eyes of the "strategical " school, policy is also inrgely a pre- paration for war: and the chief alm of diplomacy is to do every-
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thing possible to strengthen one's own side, everything possible to wenken the other side, in the next expected war.
to
If and when thero is a change in the expected enemy, the whole of the diplomatie tactics change too. So, for instance, it was for years
vital British interest" oppose and hamper Fronch ex- and then pansion in Africa: suddenly an equally vital interest to encourage and support it.
1
Now the root trouble about this "strategies diplomacy" Is that in preparing for war I creates and aggravates possible causes of war.
Because it turns foreign policy into a conflict which is only a form of peaceful war: into the sort of policy of which war in the logical "continuation."
Once you decide that "X" the then next enemy, probable strategic diplomacy insists that anything which might be-pollti- cally, economically or in any way- to the advantage of "X" must be
ARTHUR HENDERSON'S creed: “International Co-operation."
-
"STRATEGY”
There's Mischief in that Word!
alternatively as a wild man from the East or else as a negligibin representative
negligiblo of a Government, which was due to col- lapse about the month after next.
Bo Lord Curzon was condescend-
Ingly rude.
"I don't see why he should be," Bald Chicharin. "My family is about Ave centuries, older than hla."
1
opposed: that anything to "X" disadvantage must be supported.
Rights and wrongs, Justice and While Sentries Slevp .. injustice, wisdom or unwisdom, ali go for nothing. The dominant con
lins sideration
to bo simply opposition to "X."
So every question becomes a conflict, in whitch each side is out to make the other give way: which is just the way to start wars. A True Prophet
CHICHERIN ved Just long enough to sco
the Straits Convention, which he refused to sign in 1923, put on to the scrapheap, and his warnings come true.
But Europe in 1923 did not listen to Chicherin. It regarded him
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CHICHERIN was the despair of foreign diplomats in Moscow in the early days. He always preferred to work at night: and his favourite time for seeing anybody was at one of two in the morning.
I remember waiting for him one night until well after two.
At last he came into the walling-
"Come along." said he. room.
Then, as we went through the narrow corridors that led to ha Come quietly. My TODI, "Shi sentry is asleep."
And the Foreign Minister and his guest tip-tved into his room while the young Red Army soldier who was guarding him Icant against the wall snoring softly, On the Rubbish Heap
I had the same trick that Georgo Russell had, of working in the midst of what seemed a chaos of untidiness, and yet of knowing just where in the welter every paper and ovory document was.
I think it was Frazier Hunt who once had an argument with him about some clauso in the Brest Litovsk treaty.
"Half a minute." said Chicherin. "Let us look it up."
He went across the room, rum- maged among an untidy pile of papers in the corner and fished out a document.
It was the treaty of Brest Litovsk not just a copy, but the original, with scals and signatures and all. A Great Gentleman
TLLNESS took him out of the picture for years before his death. But history will give him high marks as a Foreign Minister.
The difficulties of his part in
those first years of the Soviet Republic, when the Bolsheviks were treated as a cross between criminals and lepers, were tro- mendous.
Chicherin carried them out with great skill and a splendid quiet . dignity,
But his friends will remember him even more for his high hüman qualities, his humour, his gentle- ncss, his sensitive appreciations.
He was for one may surely use a misused word, in its best sense, of a Communist--a great gentleman. Boware Rumour-
THESE are days when nerves are on edge, and when the danger to pence from overatrung nerves is perhaps even greater than the danger from deliberate and premeditated aggression.
So there never was a time when it was more necessary to beware of falso or exaggerated alarmist stories. And never a time when more of them were about.
Here is a typical example of the way in which wild tales get round: In Geneva during the Assembly Bernard Moore, "Daily Herald" Geneva correspondent, was told by
"I wonder what is happening about Ras Makonnen."
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CHICHERIN— Ilistory will give him high marks as a foreign
alatcsman,"
a responsible official of an in- portant delegation that they had heard from a very good source that Hitler had all ready five alternative plans for diplomatic, and possibly military, offensives in Europe, any one of which he might net on at any time.
A really alarming piece of news.
and Gossip
after THE morning
Bernard reported this to me, I was having breakfast with one of the best-informed of Berlin foreign correspondents. We talked about the German answer to the British questionnaire.
"I understand," he said, "thal Hitler has five drafts before him.
"One, his own rough skeich. draft. Two,
Foreign Office A Three, a Ribbentrop draft. Four, a Goebbels draft, Five, a sort of synthesis of the other four, which Bülow had just finished when he died."
The five And there you are. drafts of an answer, passed from person to person-and probably from language to language-like the game of "Russian scandal" (why Russian "?), had developed into five plans for an offensive.
All, no doubt, in perfect good faith and honest misunderstand- ing.
But a very salutary warning to beware of the gossip.
Constitution Making
to
ONE of the Bolsheviks"
contribution political technique is a new kind of political discussion.
The draft of the new Constitu- tion has been submitted not to at
1.D 2 but
sort of plebiscite,
NDL
national debate. All over the Union, lu party meetings, factory meet- Ings, army meetings, meetings of every sort and every kind of or- ganisation, the new Constitution is being explained and discussed.
་་
The idea is not just to "sell" it, but to get criticisms and pro- posals for amendment and Im- provement.. The Soviet Press is full of reports and letters and auggestions.
It is an attempt to get nome- thing like A real first-hand contribution to Constitution making from the people them. selves.
A full English translation of the draft (which will como before the Soviet Congress in November) has been issued as a penny pamphlet by the Anglo-Russian Parliament- ary Committee.
Missing Ras
about
I WONDER what
happening Ras Makonnen.
Three weeks ago the Ras was reported at Cairo, on his way, via the Sudan, to Join the Abyssinian Government, which in holding out at Gore.
Official British circles explained that no objection would be raised to his going via British territory, but that if he asked for any special facilities, the request would have -to be carefully considered.
I begin to wonder whether s quiet tip (nothing, of course, on the records) has been given to Sudan officials to the effect 'that if it should prove very dimcult, or even impossible, for the Ras to get from Khartoum to Gore, is Majesty's Government would not be exactly displeased.
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