THE HONGKOng Telegraph, Thursday, August 20, 1936.'
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THURSDAY, AUG. 20, 1936.
RELIGIOUS FELLOWSHIP
During the first half of last month, London was the meeting place of the World Congress of
PEACE-0
PACIFISM?
M
ARCHING feet, beating
a death-or-glory tattoo on the cobble-stones; bayonets, yet unstained, glinting in the sun; kilts, swing- ing and flaunting with the ar- rogance of unblooded youth and the bag-pipes awakening the quiet of the Strath to a war-
ecstnay....
Sald a Wise Woman, who watched with oyes illed with tears and with foreboding:
"1 am thinking 1 needs more courage to wear a white-feather in your buttonhole than a cockade In your glengarry,"
To the small boy, who looked at her with reproach and shame, this was heresy; this was treason.
That Wise Woman waa my mother, with two sons in the army, and that small boy, of 20 years ago, was 1, who, with my generation, saw in the blood-unction of War only the consecration of Courage.
T
WAS not until, in the promised years of It-will-never- happen-again," I began to think for myself, to understand the thenning of mass-hysteria, of poster-drugged patriotism, and of ife-Inflamed pasalons, that, I
understood her.
And I became a pacifist.
That, in five words, would seem to be my answer to the question, "Peace or Pacifism?" for a pacifist would see no contradiction in it.
But, alas, "Peace" and "Paċi- Asm" can no longer be taken for granted as they were 20 years ago, when Peace was a world-religion, with all peoples in its communion, and Pacifism was its creed. To-
Faiths. Its objective was neither NOTES OF THE DAY
an appraisement of various reli- gions, nor an attempt to merge them into a visible unity. It is believed that each religion has its own individuality, and that it is best for each to develop its own What makes distinctive values.
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day that question is one which searches the hearts, the soul and the minds of men and women. It must be to millions of peace- loving people what it has been to me-a torment, a conflict between that deep-seated instinct which. abhors the thought of war and the reason which argues that we must think of war if we are to avoid it,
And upon my generation thero is a special responsibility. That was the generation which the last war passed by, touching us only with its more gaudy pinions, halting us with its glamour and excitement; the generation which is the parent of a new one; a dangerous geno- ration, liable to be moved by awakening echoes and swept away. by the taunt of "What of your children? a generation distila. aloned, not by War but by Peace.
Pacifism was simple and uncom- plicated in those years when war- revolution was so strong that oven war-books could not find a pub- Ishier, nor war-plays a producer, when we believed that militarism was burled in the whited sepulchre of Versailles and peace perpetu- ated in the League of Nations.
Then, when the lichen began to blur the names on war memorials, so, too, the memories of the War gradually became overgrown. Or, ke a merciful anesthetic, men willed away the nightmares and time healed the horror-lacera- tions of the mind.
A subtle change began. One can almost date it from the time when people all over the world began to flock to 'Journey's End' and whole nations read "All Quiet." They called them "powerful anti- war propaganda," but, psycho- logically, they were dangerously significant — men were beginning to tolerato again the thoughts of war and were secking reminders of what had seemed unforgettable.
T
HE
WHITE sepulchre of Versailles had cracked and had revealed only putrefaction within. Its rottenness poisoned the world,
· Peace, which was only the War prolonged in penalties and perso...- cutions, and which was based on war-guilt, war debts and repara- tions, drove nations, like debtors threatened by the balls, behind the locked doors of economic nationalism.
"WAR meant this to me twenty years ago'
lessons of the last war had become useless scarecrows while the car- rions devoured the fruits of Peace, and nations tolled and their unem- ployed starved in vain.
And the League of Nations, noble in its ideals and honest in its con- ception, had become in practice only the Grand Alliance of the "victors" and of the new nations born at Versailles, all of them. seeking not true equality, but domination and humiliation of Germany,
P.
EACE needed A now architect. Arthur Henderson be- came that architect. In 1030 the It hopes of the world ran high. was to find true equality in Dis- armament and in the readjust- ment of world economy.
Within two years, those hopes were betrayed. The Peace System crumbled. Disarmament dissolved In British hypocrisy. Hitler, Man- churia, Abyssinia.... Nations, professing Peace, prepared for War.
In such a world Pacifism might seem an anachronism. Pacifism can never be an anachronism. It 18 an ever-present, ever-constant Ideal, without which true Peace can never be achieved.
I-am-a realist, but only in-the sense that I believe that such ideals can be made realities.
There is a strong probability that within a short period of time France will find herself a nation with radical, Socialistic leanings bounded on three sides by radical
Nazia Rightists,
or Fascists. Frenchmen will then experience a Congress possible is a firm con- the sensations known to Germans viction that each has something who, during the past little while to contribute to the common may have imagined a pressure of stock. The promotion of fellow-west, represented by Russia and political antipathy from east and
this abip becomes therefore the one France. Whether or not
gerjous great aim. It is peculiarly up-situation will have any
effect upon the_position_in_Europe propriate that this Congress remains problematical, but there happened to be meeting at ais little doubt that some French- time when in the sphere of men will feel a sense of constric- international politics another in- stitution whose object is world- wide fellowship (it has adopted
Erance between the colder name of "co-opera- forces, the gentlemen in tion") is undergoing the severest and Rome may feel they will have test of its short life. Some more hope of satisfactory bargain- ing in matters of a delicate poli- people think that the League of tical nature. It is conceivable, the allegation that Nations received its deathblow then, that
and German a9- ready Italian sistance has been given
ROM time to time one reads of ex- gone pirates are to be seen in various to the FRO
peditions going to little known parts of the island of Mahe, while in Spanish rebels has good founda- islands in isolated parts of the world Praslin Island are graves so ancient in search of hidden treasure, but that their origin is not known. tion, and the reason for these isl
apparent lack of whether that treasure has been found, Probably they are Moorish, for cen- desire to join in a non-interven- or whether the journeys have been turies ago the Moors salled the seas tion pact with respect to the in vain, is not recorded. Neverthe- of the Indian Ocean Spanish civil war may be found in the same quarter. More and more the nations of Europe are drifting into political alignments and to those of 1914
tion with Nazi Germany on the one hand, Fascist Italy on another and a revolutionary lightist Gov- ernment in Spain.
With
two nations'
theac Berlin.
Hatreds were born afresh. And disillusionment.
In the new, fil-hallowed world, It was obvious that the horrors and
But, at this crists of civilisation, Is Pacifism enough? With all de- voutness, I wish to Heaven it were. I, for one, would find it easy to be a Pacist, to say with "Dick
Lansbury, Sheppard, George
Aldous Huxley and their 100,000. followers, that I shall never take
Pirates' Treasure
less, hidden away in some of the tiny Islands of the Indian Ocean, there must be untold wealth,
fell into the
During the time I lived in Mahe 1
CLD- the
great wealth
at the recent meetings of its Council and Assembly at Geneva. Just as the World Congress of Faiths believes that it is good to have separate religions, and not
Unfortunately for treasure seckers, one World Religion, so those who
the local inhabitants of Seychelles do not encourage treasure hunters on drafted the Covenant of the
During the seventeenth century their land, for they consider that if League of Nations built upon the similar
Islands such as the Seychelles, num- there is any treasure to be found it is bering some ninety-eight, and seat-up to themselves to find it; otherwise idea that each nation should re- earlier.
tered, over a huge area, were the leave it where it is bidden. haunt of pirates who used them as LOST LOOT |tain its pre-existing sovereignty
on the Indian Ocean. This ping and independence, and repudiated had failed, whereas what is obvi. bases from which to harry the ship- the conception of a World-State. Dusly wrong is the absence at shipping carried in its holds articles had a bungalow that stood beneath of immense value from the Indies. the palms, some seven miles from Victoria. One day I was digging in But there must be co-operation, any rate among the responsible Silks mere numbered among other the plantation for something to do.
embroideries, Ivory, gold, and First, they must be prepared to Governments-of the will to articles and as many of these ships My spade struck an object. I dug
and unearthed-an ball. In fact, obey a common law and to refer co-operate, where selfish national never came home there is no doubt feverishly,
hands of clent. cannon ball.
I un- that they
earthed three, which had been buried their disputes and grievances for interests are jeopardised. Is the pirates.
day treasure hunting goes close together throughout the decision by the tribunals of that reform of the League by the in
In the Seychelles. Gold coins turies. But, alas, they were Ort to only effctive method a change and rings are occasionally unearthed total amount of my discoveries. law. Secondly, they agree
There must in the beds of mountain streams that ดยC their united forces against of heart-feasible? Perhaps enscade through the palm girt slopes secreted in parts of the Seychelles, for law breakers and aggressors, what is needed is to change the of Mahe. Ancient carvings of beasts the islands once swarmed with cor-
and signs of the Zodiac are to be seen Recent events show that there word "co-operation" to the more on the face of rocks in parts of the
island. is not enough of the spirit passionate word "fellowship”, of co-operation to put Lea- and to accept all that the change gue principles into operation. of nomenclature implies. It is not nations. to act Italy deliberately broke the law. enough for she had solemnly
accepted. together only when their selfish Other nations refused to take national interests are obviously united action against Italy in a and directly advantaged. They chuse where their own interests must be prepared to respond with were not directly attacked, when alacrity to the call of human Perhaps this can it appeared that such action brotherhood. might end in the necessary use only come about when the of military force. In short, the tions are inspired by that sense co-operative system has broken of man's high destiny, which all
LTD. down. There is talk at once of religions-30 we learn from
reform of the League's Covenant. World as if it were its machinery that realise.
Congress-profess
nt
the
to
be
Times sairs
out of number they would return from their forays wil their shipa
laden with plunder. After a few weeks cureuse they would and return with again put to sea, FALSE TRAILS
their ships loaded with Il-gotten Treasure plans are numerous, and, gair and prisoners. At last they incidentally, the Seychellois are adept would put to sea, when they would nt making plans for their own, and fall in with a ship of war. A blood- others, amusement Some of these thirsty battle would ensue, and the plans are thought to be authentic, and pirate ship would be captured and landowners never tire of digging up sunk.
hidden wealth. their estates in the hope of unearth- Some years ago n saling ship was seen one evening to put in to a pretty cove. A boat landed some men, who
What of the treasure of weeks and erected a tent. In the morning they were gone, while a deep hole and a months that had been taken to the coin or two were seen in the place Seychelles and hidden away? There where the tent had stood. I was was nowhere else they could dispose heard later that treasure had bean of it except at their bases.
Some time found. The owner of the land wrung
ing
The pirate captain and crew were generally taken to Ile de France, 48. Mauritius was then named, or to Reunion, when the prisoners would
be tried and hanged."
his hands in despair, but nothing hoards will come to light and even
could be done.
after the Government; have taken Many of the inhabitants of the their share, the finders will be rich Seychelles bear narnes of corsair cap for life, tains of old, while graves of dead and
- Alex, Dogi), FBG.S.
part in War in any shape or form. If, that is, I believed It would make the world safe for Peace.
Pacifism, however, is a principle and not a polley. It has seemed to me as I have listened to the arguments between the Paclists and the Sanctionists, between Non-Resistance and Collective Security, that the Pacifst, as an individual, had made up his mind what he should do in the war which the Banctionists were, try-. ing to avert.
We have seen, at the National Peace Congress, where the views of both sides were expressed with frankness and sincerity, that it is possible to find a common policy. That basis rests on organiseď International co-operation through the League, the pre- gressive curtailment of national sovereignty, the removal of in- equities and dangers to world- peace and a world conference to secure the adjustment of economic and colonial questions, It is opposed to increnso in armaments and to this Government's arms programme and to Fascism and Nazism.
Π
To that all lovers of peace can con-
with Bolentiously subscribe, and Government with vision and clear- alghtedness in power those are ideals which could become realities.
UT. If a Socialist Gov ernment, pledged and prepared to carry out those ideals, were left with war-charged chaos into which the "National" Government and the last French Government hove brought us, could it hope for Peaco.
the isolation of Absolute Pacifism? That would be as anar- chic as the mad, ultra-nationalist, pseudo-patriotic, Irunkly Im- perialist, isolationism of the pre- zent arms race.
in
That way lies not Peace, but War, and the destruction of civil- isation. Disarmament is not only consistent with but inherent in Collective Becurity.
So I, who am by every instinct a Puclist, find myself committed by my own reasoning to the Covenant and to Banctions which, in the Ültimate resort, imply military
measures.
But I do not bellove that with honest statesmanship. with whole- hearted and loyal support of the Covenant, War would ever happen.
Not even with the so-called "lesson" of Abyssinia to challenge me. If true economic Banctions had been applied, If the sources of war-supplies had been cut off and the Canal closed; when the letter of the Covenant demanded that they should be applied, Mussolini would never have attacked Abyssinia.
IT IS HERE that I charge
the Absolute Pacifists with lacon- afstericy. They disapprove of Sanctions, economic or otherwise. But Dr. Alfred Balter was asked at the National Peace Congress if the
··American Pacifists approved ́ of their country supplying oll for the Italian bombers.
I cannot say," he said. "They have not yet formed a policy on these matters."
The question applies just as bluntly to Dr. Balter and his fellow pacifits. Iare Wicy formed a policy?
Supply oil or war-materials and they condono aggression. Refuse them and they are applying Sanctions.
The League, which in betraying Abyssinis was itself betrayed, can still be made a forco for Peace.
And I, who 'waa's parlilat, nın still, na a.bullover in iho League of Nations, a war-resister,
-To-day's Thought
WIT is that which has been often thought; but never before was well expressed, f
SAMUEL JOHNSON: