10
What I Saw in Russia-6
W
E started for Daleproges, which is now part of the city of Zuparozhe. The roads all the way were cobble stones, and wo bumped over them, hooting all the time to warn the hesitant pedestrians that we
were a force to be reckoned with.
The Dnieper River could be seen on our felt as we rushed over the hill towards the great new dam ncross the Duleper.
*
When we were actually in Dnieproges We saw a con- alderable number of apartment houses. Most of them were of three stories, but occasionally we saw some of two stories only, They were in comparatively smail blocks, and there was a pleasant area of grass in front and behind them, Bome seemed to be of brick, but the greater part weris of concrete or some substance like cement breeze.
We were still bumping our way over the cobbles, and it was not until we were right in the heart of the new Socialist city that we encountered an asphalt road. This proved to be a lonely unit in a wilderness of clay and dust. In the wet season Uuto roada must be almost impassable, Wo Ienvolled up hill and down dele, on our way into the elly, and the whole countryside looked scarred and barren. nad reminded me of nome of the Bouth Walen valleys. We went straight on to the new dum and rode right over it,
It was unquestionably a nuc ca- gineering fent, although the finish seemed to bo very rough, We in. spected the power italion and the elec trical net work, where they transmittedl Ko far alintant mubalatlošus at 160,000 Voltes.
Women Workers
After lunch we visited the alimmiratua wurks 770 bullding of this worka waan * commenced in 1930, atal production started in 1033, Prior to that there was in almetatum in the country. 1 year Wavy prodired) 1,000 tour, would prodice. a the sear they 17,009, which would be more, than any European counizy, 21 136 Brey ex- petcet to proituée 30,000, tous, mid anki evebinally rival Amément pro
duetu nf 45,000 tans, There were 5,880 progres workers eruplogna, und Bapa fasiklein engaged on extensions.
1 pmeses were uninterrupted, and they worked four shifts of six hours each, the men taking their meals at their work. The fifth shift was ent- played for rellet purposen, so as to allow everyope to hnen their rest day at the proper time. There were eight categories nt process workers, tho lowest, receiving 120 roubles a month, and the highest 405 to 300. The great bulk of the workers were in entegorica five and xix, where the warnings were from 300 to 450 roubles
I pointed out that this variation, between 300 and 400, was very great, but I was assured that I represented the real furto, 7 then neked for the collective agreement bill by an over- *ight this was quit profficed. I was
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told there was very Intle difference de- tween the real earnings and the rol. Iretive agreement.
I inquired whether any wonien were employed ni the processes and I was told they workted just an did the men, 1 fel we Trade Unionists in Rudand were old-fashioned,
Werden
We did not believe that should be engaged on dungeratri be unhealthy work. The Humstos Jeest. shrugged their shoulders, an mich da To say, tlint us women were paiet H skan wares as men, they most ridire the same risk.
Tea-Time Talk
The director then asked would we take a cup of tea with him,'Ant ferling very tired we gladly assented. There was a table ret for about fifty people nadă Ipsumed that some function was being arranged for the workers, and that we would not be there more than a few minutes. To my great surprise. hardly bad we sat down than groups of workers started to troop in and sent themselves at the table. In a low minutes at least forty or Arty were pre- kent, and felt that I was being manceurred into addressing them.
We had senterly commented our food when a young fellow asked me to give them a description of conditions in England
Het comethbag shiut the remonie vraditions of the Brits in- dustri, and our wages autem Auet.
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ment. I had that i was difficult for me to make comparisons with their conditions because their Trade Union Movement was quite different from any other in the world. It exercised functions entrusted to it by the Bate and it was not engaged in fighting capitalists for better conditions by tukana of strikes and other methods,
Doing Sums
I observed that the dißleghty was fut alien atreeptuted by the fact that there was not a stable value to the The fetal exetange rale wan Foubl something like 5 60 to the poutul, but that in fact this was almost a nominazi Agure
In reality there was no exchange. because fl. was úland to Trupert ur ex- part rumbles.
I said thin: I had tried in ascertain what it would cost to buy certain Wings in Russlori stores as compared with Brilish shops: From these com- partsaus I judged thint the rouble who worth about 30 to the pound, or in our currency, about 3d. I said thla, on tho whale, was an estimate favourable to the rouble, because it probably wan worth less than 34.
I went on to say that the cheapest ready-made sult I had been in the workers' closed stores, where the prices were much lower than the Btate shops, was 150 roubles. It was of n very. Ahoddy material, and I thought that the British equivalent could be bought for a couple of pounds or lens. The British artisan would have work about 32 hours to pay for this mult. The engineering labourer about 43 Hour The Russian worker earning
WORK, WAGES and PRICES
250 roubles a mond would have to
work 105 hours.
I had taken a fidrly high average for the Russlag worker, as 200 roubles 1:
a more general igare,
Tila seemed to surprise them, and I added that, of course, I was dealing only with the monetary wnges. 1 realised that a part of Husslan wages win socialised and returned to them i the form of educationa), medical and cultural arrvices. But it was very dicult to make a comparison about this, I thought a goot deal more was done by the State for the Russian worker in this respect, But it was piso true that the Drish worker enjoyed A number of such services which Re, Flic them. pald for Indirectly.
From the next question put it wh apparent that the rent purpose wan in get me to discuss international Trade Union "unity"
**What did 1 thluk of the prospect of
· International Trade Union *unity '7 "
I said that they must reminder that this was a matter of high.policy, and I could not any anything very definite about it. It would be interesting for me to know from their point of view exactly what niïvantiers there were in
petai "unity."
Fight Fuscism !
Immediately the poster came froin the sathe questioner, titat it could be uned by fight war and Pascism, - par Fiessturly if there was a link established between the British, Russian and French workers.
This was 50 similar to a futgesklin put to me at the Movers headquarters float 1 sensed some evoncelina, I re- plled cautiously that we had nieudy hind an unfortunate experience between 1925-7 of contact with the Russia: Trade Union Movement Bbrough the Anglo-Russian Trade Union Commit-
· R. tee, of which I was a Breentary, would reed some very convincing evidence to Induce the British Tracie Unions to repent thug experiment,
They asked me to forget that blatory In view of the imminent danger of war resulting from the attack of Haly one Abyssinia. I retorted that. The Britisie workers had already. demonstrates their apposition to war, and I woul! be glad to know what they could do to stop war more than they had nirendy clone.
The answer was just what I ex- pected We could put in cuilurge r the export of war unterbals to Haly. Iat ouée Peplied that the British Gov-
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mbargo for weeks pust.
I asked what were multiana. Wan oil a munition, or barley? If so, per- haps the Russian comrades whom 1 had been repeatedly told were the Day- ernment of Russia, would stop sending these commodities to Italy. That would be a lend which would make a great Impression on the worker of other countries,
I was at once told that they had to well to Italy, and that they would slop sending these commodities when other catuiries did the same. I said that was a good capitalist argument but very unconvincing when used by "Socialist Slate."
Then I pressed them bird to give me same concrete proposal as to what they thought could be achieved to stop the Attack ty Italy, There was an aml31- aus panke. Then after some moments had elapsed one young fellow mold that war was due to capitalism. Therefore, we mint try to destroy capitalism, If the
Workera would only revoll arafii expófaltem, that would stop wat
I thanked them for this fratak advice, which fad was the only concrete suggestions tunt had been offered. None the lean, I did not think in tie present eircumstances there was any Like land ol a revolution in Grem Britala v tu Prince 'słuch would have the itahtest etfeet in stopping Musso lin uttorks upon Abyssinia. Rather I would help them, Was I to take it. that they had no pretient proposate To offer beyond that of a revolution by The British and French workers? There was a long pause. I repeated The questions, mul I got no answer tex lks tv, Serving thank there W03 #deadlock, someone asked a ques- tion regarding our social insurance benefits,
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I tools the case of a man with a wife and ang child, and sat that Litov would receive, under the Utiemploy- nient Instirance schieme, 285, M alf. AL
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Eo roubles to hi pound this would mean that they would receive the equivalent of about 440 roubles inonth, or nearly twice as much as
the average wages quoted to us in Russian factories. A angle man, re- ceiving 178, per week, would, get about 32 roubles jier monui,
I could see that this was not be- Hoved, and I remarked that perhaps they thought my figure of 80 roubles to the pound was exaggerated. I knew, however, that roubles could be bought in Russia nt upwards of 100 roubles to the pound, I insisted upon this being fully translated, and
of the workers then interjected, "Yes, and even more than that."
one
"We Are Proud "
At this point the director of the factory hitervened and remarked, with great carnestness. "We are proud of our rumble beemise it is ours."
I
"Yen," I replied, “I wppreciate your enthusiast, but now we sen discussing a question of compartire values. think that the majority of Russian workers would prefer to have an English pound nude in their pocketa than 8 paper roubles.“
16 was clear to me from the manner in which this remark was received, after it lind been translated, that the audience were of the name opinion as myself. It was quite evident that all knew that a great deal of tallation hnd bren going on internally which had largely reduced the purchanling power of the roubla,
Then I was naked, would I give a short history of myself. I told them briefly I was the son of a seaman, and that I had worked as an electrician and subsequently as a Trade Union official Some of them asked 320 whether I had any investments, and the interpreter. thinking this come what discourteous, did not want me to
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reply, but I did so.. The only invest- ments I had were trifling ones in the Co-operative Society.
One of the workers here observed thawe, fon, have similar vest- ment in the Government and the
I think he said Co-operative Boclely." this to assure me that an Investment of itself was not wroty!.
I remarked drily, "Yes, I could see that
was talking to group of budding capitalists." This struck them as funny, and they simply roared, and good feeling was thoroughly restored.
The gathering ended with an elderly worker exhurting me to tell the workera of England how much the Russian comrades looked forward to the revolu-, tion in Grent Britain which would bring the workers even greater benents than the Russian workers had obtained.
In reply, I thanked them for their attention, and said I knew that I said ranny things which they did not ngres with I could not tell them, what many delegations had told them that Russla was the finest country in the world for the workers. It was fMR from that I belloved their standard of life would assuredly risc, but it might be a long time before they over took the standarils of many advanced industrial countries.
NEXT
Russia and Frog Speech
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