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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
FRIDAY, JAN. 10, 1938.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
HOURS
Important deliberations on the question of working hours in the textile industry-a matter which concerns the Far East and the
MUST WE
BUILD
A BIG
NAVY
A the Washington Naval Con- 285,150 tons of grim warcraft on
T
weary nations declared by their the ways. France comes Recond actions that at least naval compoti- with 203,591 tons building or ap tion should not be the cause for propriated for. Britain has 183,396 international friction nsd war.
"A Navy is Built on the Shoulders of the Tax- payer" is a metaphor that is as true as it is mixed. -Great To-day, delegates of five Powers Britain, the United States, Japan, France and
Italy
are hopelessly trying to attain a formula that will render the additional burden of super navies unnecessary. Each delegate has gone to the London Conference with strict instructions. If an
tone of new ships in sight; Ger- For 10 years after that, treaty many, 123,000; Japan, 117,707, and ABOVE: naval competition was allayed. A Italy, 110,234 Meantime the new- status had been established which naval budgets are in preparation H. M. S. Hood was not seriously questioned except and all give promise of touching BELOW: The U. S. by the always dissatisfied ad- new high levels, for pencetime.
So ominous is the situation and Atlantic fleet at sea. miralties and the jingo press. The
three great naval powers-Britain, so irreconcilable are the rivál, am- the United States and Japan-let-bitions of the naval powers that their actual naval strength fail for hopes for the naval conference are measured not in terms of a new behind their treaty limits.
Then national pride and national treaty and rigid limitations, but ambillon began
to assert thom- rather in such simple terms as the selves. Japan grew reative, smash- possibility of obtaining limits, on ed the tranquillity of the Pacific the size of ships in the various with naval guns
at Chapel and classes. The ratio system seems determined to denounce naval doomed. settlement which denied to her The causes of this situation are East. to be found primarily in the rivalry supremacy in the Far German engineering skill produced in the Far East between Japanese a new type of ship which overnight and Anglo-American interests, and converted French naval apathy - in Europe in the gudden renaissance to frenzied building. Italy follow. of German sen power. The first ed suit. Beginning slowly and is a chronic problem, the second n almost imperceptibly, the move- now one which has just begun to ment gathered momentum until to-, be appreciated in its full import,, day the naval powers undertake one Because the second has done most more effort at naval limitation in to upset the status quo and is least an atmosphere already charged generally appreciated it deserves with flerce competition.
Arst consideration.
While the delegates argue In During the early postwar years London, the shipyards of the world the continental powers of Europe are filled with the promise of future noglected their navies-Germany destruction. The United States because she was bound by the which lagged farthest behind Versailles Treaty, France and Italy. during the peaceful years has because land armaments were their first concern. Britain, the United States and Japan were left to carry on their somewhat academic rival- ries without much concern to the Continent. For more than 10 years after the war no capital ship." was laid down on the. Continent.
West as well-marked the recent NOTES OF THE DAY
TROUBLE AT HOME
gave
*
મ
*
agreement is to be reached one must
away.
give
But who
conference of the International Labour Office in Geneva The delegates were divided on the. desirability of placing on the trouble at home with troops drafted primarily of the const defence We learn that Italy is having The Fronch and Italians built a certain number of small craft, agenda for the 1936 conference from the Alpine regiments for typos, but on the whole their navies urge for a place in the sun, began, which threatened Britain's lines of the application of the 40-Hour
in Ethiopia. It is said were in poor condition,
construction of two 35,000-ton communication through the Medi Week Draft Convention to the service:
Into this almost tranquil picture battleships, the Vittorio Veneto and terranean, British experts began to they refused to march to entrain industry. Chief objection
Germany launched her famous the Littorio, in March of 1934. In to fear Malta obsolete, as a naval this procedure came from the and that their officers were forced pocket battleship, the Deutschland, addition, Italian engineers had de base. Italy sat astride her route British Government delegate, to shoot a number of them before in 1931. It was only 10,000 tons vised a new type of light cruiser of empire to the East and British who contended that the textile they would obey commands. This in displacement and hence of treaty the Bargiano class-which.attained ship lines begay to estimate the industry is so large and import-Imight be significant if it were not cruiser size. But the allied powers hitherto unbellerable spoeds of extra coat of the Cape of Good ant that it ought to be dealt with for the fact that numbers of these had limited only the size of ships over 40 knots and Immediately took Hope route. by itself along lines which take men in the Alpine regiments can restricted their own 10,000 cruisers cruiser and destroyer afloat. The this rising threat has laid her open for Germany, whereas they had precedence over overy other light What England did in the face of account not only of the reduction scarcely be called Italians at all. to eight-inch guna. It apparently French promptly countercal with an to recrimination and the charge of hours, but conditions in gen- Many come from the cantons never occurred to the naval experts announcement of plans for two from France that she had taken the eral. Despite the opposition, however, the conference decided which before the World War were at Washington that Germany either 86,000 ton Luttleships, one to be longest step hot toward-breaking put begun as soon as the Dunquerque down the Versailles Trenty. But, by a substantial majority that beyond the Italian frontier and could, or would, attempt to the subject be dealt with at this which have only come under Rome's larger than eight-inch guns on a was launched, the second to be laid considering the extent of the con- 10,000-ton ship. German engineer the moment the Washington treaty tinental naval revival and the fact year's gathering. The British control since 1918. They are an ing skill took advantage of the expired. Meanwhile Germany wont that she was forbidden by the naval Government viewpoint is based independent and courageous crowd, oversight, mounted six 11-inch guns ahead with plans for two more treaties to build any now capital on the consideration that this is these Alpine folk, amongst the on the Deutschland,
her pocket battleships.
ships before 1937, what she did treaty
la perfectly understandable. She a complex international ques- finest fighters in that part of heavier armour than any
opened naval negotiations with tion, calling for the attention not Europe and they are highly intelli-cruiser, a speed of 26 knots, out-
THUS within the short space of Gerninny, and on May 21, 1935, an- only of the I.L.O. but of Gov gent and independent. Like, all British ship of comparable size, and
classed every French, Italian and TH
four years the entire naval nouneed an agreement whereby the ernments and employers' and mountain people, their love of smashed "the naval equilibrium of situation in Europe was overturned. German navy was permanently workers organisations. Act-
Until 1931 England was the only pegged at 36 per cent. of the freedom is fanatical. They rebel the Continent, ually, there is a national,
France, determined to maintain, real naval power. By 1934 her British. Western, an Oriental and against the first attempt at sub-
a naval power at least double the capital ships, her light cruisers and This at least put a top limit on world problem involved, and the jugation. It is not so much that German, laid down the 26,500-ton her destroyers were out-classed in Cerman building, but in doing so British spokesman at the con- they are afraid to fight as they do Dunquerque in 1932, and a sister quality if not in number. Added gave Germany a total of 420,595 ference contended that there not like to be forced into the army ship, the Strasburg, In 1934. Italy, to this revival of continental naval tons, as compared to a navyof
Italian air force 169,100 tons which Germany' haď ́ should be a conference of Gov-and to obey the commands of by that time beginning to feel the power was an ernments, workers and employ-men not of their own proud race. ers on the whole question. This The fact that hundreds of them suggestion, however, is not sup-fied the country in order to evade ported by the British trade the call to the colours shows the unionists. It is interesting to temper of these people. They will note that at the conference de-not win wars for Italy, though bate, the Japanese Government they may be made to fight them. delegate agreed with the British Government contentions, but the! French and American delegates took the opposite view. One of Japan has sent another protest: the suggestions put forward was to China, this time through the that the industry, in view of its Consul-General at Tientsin, follow- complexity, should be divided in-Ink the shooting affair at the East to three groups-wool and cot-Gate, Feiping. On the face of ton, natural and artificial silk, things it did appear that Japan and linen, hemp and Jute-but had a good cause for complaint. the conference decided to take Chinese guards were alleged to up the issue as a whole, and by Now comes a Chinese version of the have fired on Japanese soldiers. a narrow majority the Govern-affair. The Japanese had no gate ing Body of the ILO agreed to passes; they were dolayed outsido draw up a report so that the con{the wail "while a corporal of tho ference can, if it so wishes; deal guard telephoned for instructions: with the question in a single dis- and when they were admitted, they cussion, instead of the procedure set upon the Chinese soldiers and of two discussions with a-year fired shots at the corporal, who between each, which is sulla Chinese or the usual in matters of this kind, wall, who did not know what, was going on, opened fire with rifles Accordingly, in order to prepare and the Japa retreated. In- the ground and co-ordinate the quiries were pooded. And the requirements of the different protest is one of the results. It branches of the industry, a con-all, depends upon the facts, of sultation of experts fa to be held course, but from the Chinese ro- next month. These experts will port of events we are now inclinad be chosen by the ILO. itself and to think that the Japanese soldiers will probably include independ-acted with inexcusablo aggressive- ent members as well as repre- OR But of course we can't be sentatives of the national em evidence and that, we fancy, will positive without corroborative ployers and workers organisa-bo hard to find. Lions. The matter is one of marked concern, to the textile samme
*
JAPAN'S PROTEST:
Industry as a whole, with par-l'apecial Importance, and its de- ticular reference to the question liberations will be awaited with of working hours in Far Eastern the utmost interest by all who mills. This year's conference are in any way concerned with 18; therefore, charged.), with the industry,žeid
SIDE GLANCES By George Clark
L
Funk
at the end of 1934, and also a fleet of capital ships equal to those France and Italy might build under the treaties. Under this agreement Germany immediately embarked. upon a building programme for the current year of 170,000 tons, -as compared to the 60,100 tons of modern, postwar ships she now- Bas.
*
WHATEVER the merits of this. action from the British point- of view, it immediately established a vicious and apparently endless circle which may end only with the inancial limitations of one of the powers concerned. For Franed hai declared that she must have a navy- equal to the German plus the Italian, while Italy has made in claim to equality with France, If the Germans huild-to 36 per cent.... of the British, the French would almost certainly aim at double that strength, or 70 per cent, of the British. If the Italians attempt"), to keep oven with France, the French will have the option of ac-: wwytusg=italian parity... MOVIE) up.higher toward British strength... Even if France renounces her polley of German - plus – Italian strength there is the prospect of two continental navies each equal to 70 per cent, of the British. But England has always insisted on a navy equal to that of the two largest continental powers com- bined. England, in the face of a combined French-Italian strength of 140 per cent, of her owil; would presumably build more. And any British intronno clears the ways for additional German tonnage.
THE Pacific presents a loss com
plex and startling, but a more dimcult, problem for naval limita- tion. There, inore directly than Ini Europe, the nävalt settlement; Win WES (Continued on-Fog E