THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
FRIDAY, PECÉMPER, 28, 1934.
NORWAY'S PLACE IN THE WORLD INTER-SCANDINAVIAN DEVELOPMENTS
By CHRISTIAN L, LANGE
Jench of them is, jealously looking after its special interests, Norway TORWAY is one of the smallest perhaps more than the two others,
cen-
Tess than 3,000,000 inhabitants, three, and because its past history The smallness of its population in has taught a painful lesson of the necentuated, rather than counter-disadvantages and even the perils balanced, by the disproportionate of any fusion whatsoevar. Jargoness of Ita territory, some DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 130,000 square smiles, an area as While Sweden is essentially a lurge as that of the British Isles Baltic nation, looking cast" and
(the whole of Ireland included). {south; while Denmark for or that of Italy. Of this enor-turies has scen its fate closely mous area only 6 per cent. inbound up with Germany to the arable soil, 20 por cent, in covered mouth, and only for the last fifty by forests or grazing grounds, for sixty years lina turned more three-fourths is entirely unpre-and more to the west, becoming ductive, consisting of mountains, "the larder of London," Norway, Kinglers, lakes, or marshes. The commanded by its geographical country la situated in the far situation and configuration, has north-western corner of Europe, always been looking westward, na far north ns Greenland, whose The Viking expeditions went west southern point is on the same to Britain and Ireland; when the Intitude as Oslo, the Norwegian Norwegian sailors slowly built up capital. If the Gulf Stream did trade and navigation on a nation-with aristocratic principles, and Its geographical situation on allowing any of its representatives not flow along the coasts of Narni basis after the Hanseatic power Denmark preserved Autocracy the fringe of the European con la nit as members of the delega- way, keeping its harbours open had crumbled in the sixteenth unt! 1849.
tient, without any big power as tion. even In
winter, Norway would century, it was to England and And during the nineteenth cen-its neighbour except across the In the League courts, as has have been as Inhospitable a Holland they carried Norwegiantury this democratie tradition was sea, given Norway an exceptional niready been said. Norway has Greenland or as northern Siberin, tinther, to France and Spain they ta a 'special way strengthened by degree of security, and; barring battled for the progressive
Can Buch n country, small in
the fight for fall national the disarmed nationa of central development of the Langue. Pro- population, far from rich
dependence waged with Sweden. Europe, A la therefore probably fessor Hagerup In The Best As- natural resoUPCUS II whose larg
In most countries nationalism is, the least armed nation in Eurapt.sembly wrote the report on the are is a handicap rather than an
a conservative force, looking back. The strongest politicnd party in World Court; Fridtjof Nansen asmet, pretend to any "place In the
ward to the past, In Norway na-Parliament, Labour, now count- was for many years the conalstent world" The allotment At
tionalbem became for more than ing 69 members out of lát, is a advocate of the development of "place in the world," as we all ton
one generation a progessive, for consistent advocate of unilateral the mandate system and of many well know, is determined in terms
ward-lonklag movement, because disarmament. The Norwegian humanitarian initiatives; the pre- of power military, economic,
full national independence Wi* repecsentatives in the League Aa-[sent Premier. Joh. Ludwig financial and In none of these
something still to be won. Nemily and in the Disarmuent stowinckel, has defended with un- spheres Norway, by the very
tionalism allied itself with politi-Conference have been among the alling energy the case for free nature of its situation, can presi
cal radicalism, and helped to viclef advocates for a system of "ade and was the chief author of tend to have any say n dl,
A farewell party for Admiral Imamura, sx-Commander of the Japannas Third Fleit, was given in the garden of the residence of the manager of the M.B.K. Admiral Imamura has been appointed to the command of the Sessho Naval Base. Photo shows some of the leading naval and military officials who sttended the function, among whom were Mayor Wa Tak chen and Colonel John Beaumont of the U.S. Marines.
If sometimes Norway's voice is Haturd to in International enun rile, and even listened to with some respect, it must los begane the Norwegian nation has, develops end a personality of its own, must be because in the moral and cultural fields, it has attained' a dietition which give it a perial) place, even in the warkt,
It:
Which are the fartors that hav hern at play in these Telda and have determined the evolution ni No way as a nation?
DEVELOPMENT
From the dawn of history Nor way has found itself a member of | a community of three natiousti Denmark, Norway nad Sweiten. From the Viking Age onward, for a thousand years. Inter-Scandina- vian history is a tale of interne- eine feuds, cach
three of the nations Bghting for the hegemony. of the North, with varying and- cess, now one, now the other being the predominant power, exercising the sway over one or both of the others. The great crisis of the Revolutiona and Napoleonie Wars brought matters to a head, and the settlement of 1814-15 created at-long last an equilibrium which has proved lasting: Three independent nations cach with its own characteristię mallunal life.; It is a unique fact in the history of Europe, that for more than 100 years these three neighbour na- tlons have now maintained peace among flymisclves; Norway and Sweden have even preserved peace with all nations of the world.
I should like to insist on the unique importance of tals
Gallian, Kelty
vivacious French film star, the latest Hollywood recruit from abroad. Vive la France!
cromanie and financial
Tory important democratic
re-
forma: parliamentarism, manhood, and also female suffrage, thej jury system, a militia arniy, a democratle school rystim.
As overywhere the fight for na- Houality rated 731 Norway special flowers and fruits in the letters and the arts. The Nors Segrian nation, deprived of a speltic diplómaxy, found its must oiliela ambarsadors to the workt· in its poets, such as Heren and. Bjornson; fu it's musicians, such as Gring and Synthet; in its pain- ters, such as Thaulow and Krohgt; in its seientists, such as Fridtjor Nausen, to name" only th mit famons.
It is on the factors, political and even poenomic democracy, n rich and original spiritual and artistle life, that Norway 0371 found its claim, if claim there be for a "place in the world."
INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK Beratse Norway, the wruker partner in its union with Sweden. could only basa its claim for full independence on the principles of law and justice, it very early be
came an advocate of international ärbitration. When in 18SP" "THE" first Pan-American Conference d clared itself in favour of the pacific settlement of international, disputes, the Norwegian Storting was the first, and for lung the only. European parliament follow suit.
10
In 1890, and again in 1897, i voted addrisses' to the King ad-
Lending the Nation In observance of Armistice Day, President Hanklin D. Roosevalt took part in ceremonies before the tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington Cemetery near Washington.. ed. My Roosevelt is flanked by his military and naval sides, 1.en: Colonel Edwin M. Watson (right) and Captain Wilson
Brown.
vocating the conclusion of treatiés, Trong reduction of armaments.
of arbitration; this stand
pro-|
enred the Norwegian Parliamcat j
the privilege of distributing thei
agreement
a
the so-called Oalo Convention (of 1930), the last and the all-too- fact.
STICTLY NEUTRAL
The rampart of that apparently It has created a tradition which
During the World War the tra- forform cause; and the Conserva- bas allowed a peaceful settlement
Nobel Peace Prize, founded by afditions of Norway, "auking west- tive leader, C. J. Hambro, though of most serious conflicts. In 1905
strong Swede. And when in 1905 the ward," "inspired by dentocratie finally adverse to Norway's Sweden and Norway proceeded in parted their fish, and the dissolution of their union, the tere formed with these Norway insisted on and obtained sympathies of the nation to the valiant advocate of the rights of
conner-union with Sweden was dissolved, principles, naturally carried the joining the League, has been last rominant of the Swedish
that
nations within the 1133 all-camp of the Allies, though the the smaller hegemony in the North, without ads, the most progressive of that an
embracing arbitration bloodshed. Last year, in
maintained treaty Gavirament
striet League and a jealous scrutiniser 1933,"ge.
These connections still exist: should form part of the settl-neutrality throughout. With a¦ of the League budget, Norway and Denmark settled
Storting A curtain "rugged individual- dispute as to the possession of the the Norwegian krone belongs to ment. it has kept up this tradi-very big majority the eastern coast of Greenland by the "sterling area:" it is in the tion within the League of Nations, adhered to the League of Sations, am." xa notspoken sincerity, has present crisis tied to the pound, having ratified both the optionall the then small Labour Party, marked there and ather of the reference to the World Court and London is the chief money clause of the World Court Statutej beserer, vating against, because Norwegian workers for and in the The Hague, and the verdict of the
market for Norwegian men
particularly Court, which was given in favour affairs. Connections have stretch-has
and the General Act of 1928; it the Covenant did not declare fur 1 «ngué, of
concluded all embracing complete disarmament, and until through them that Norway now of Denmark, was immediately ed even farther west. Norweging treaties of arbitration and con-this day this party has maintained Indirates
"placz its its opposition to the Lengue, never world."
executed by Norway.
#
Since 1005 Norway is been an ships traded also with Northciliation with all its neighbours. equal partner of the Scandinavian America, and from the seventies community of three, and import-of last century a stream of emi- ant bonds of an economic and cul-grants went to the United States, tural character are constantly later also to Canada. The Norse- being created with the two other men are still numerous in Illinois, Minnesoin, the two Dakotas; * at partners, some of these bonds ex- tending also to Iceland and to one time there were more Nor- Finland. Though each of the wegings in Chiengo than at Ber- three nations speaks its own lann, the second of Norway's cities. From these countries, particu- gunge, their languages are HU similar in words ned in phraseo-larly, from England, but in the logy that each of them la enally revolutionary understood by the ether two. No America and from France, demo- Interpreter is needed. Therefore, cratle ideas came to Norway, and Intellectual Co-operation in the they found here a receptive soll artistic, literary and scientific because the Norwegian nation was folds is intense: professors and already then In an economic sense lecturers are exchanged, con- democratic unition. There was Kroneen of all sorts organised, no lauded aristocracy, no royal books from one country read In court, no, or very few, rich mer- the two others, theatrical perform-chants. The bulk of the people ances given by artists from one were the peasant farmers, who, nation to the others.
from old, had a legally assured
The common interests in eco-status. omics or in politics are so strong;
ern Alsu from
FARMERS' POWER
the
was
that also in these fields co-opera- When Norway in 1814 declared tion comes as a matter of course. its independence from Denmark No big question is raised before and gave itself a. Constitution, it tho League of Nations without was to the farmers that preliminary discussion among the potentially greatest power three governments, and very often given. Hore Rousseau's idena and new initiatives are taken in com-the principles of the American mon after mutual consultation. and the French Revolution let But there is no question of a themselves be felt in a particulur- fusion of the three nations: each ly pronounced way. Norway of them la bent on preserving its came the first democratic nation national Individuality, and, with or the North, while, Sweden. the beat will of trying to co: during the same crisis, gave itself ordinate the interests of the three, in Constitution strongly tinged
ba.
and it is
in the
Simon Lake, Inventor of the modern submarine, is ready now to start his search, for $40,000,000 gold that
tank with the British Frigate Huzar during the Revolutionary War in. Heligate narrows, the pas mus „part of the East River, la the abadow of Now York City's skyscrapers." Abora la hown the 150-fest tube affixed to the treasure hunting cubmarine for probing the bottom. Lake's new craic can crawl. Forward, backward or sidi ise on the river bottom, as well as dive and rise,,
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