PICTORIAL SUPPLEMENT.
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1934.
PAGE THREE
ANOTHER EUROPEAN POWDER-KEG Where An American "King" May Reign
FATE OF REPUBLIC IN HANDS OF ROBLES
CIVIL STRIFE held inevITABLE
By MILTON BRONNER
While former King Alfonso XIII expresses plous hopes of returning to the throne of his fathers and while Socialist leaders openly say the battle for the republic will be fought out in the streets if necessary, the real fate of Spain at present seems to rest in the lean, strong, brown hands of Jose Maria Gil Robles, the young leader of Accion Popular Agraria,, which has the biggest number of deputies in the Cortes.
preaching
another revolution. Everywhere among the proletariat there In the fear that the parties of the Right mean ultimately to try some sudden coup d'etat restor- ing the monarchy. Their sus piclone were not decreased when, on a recent great church holiday, they read the allocation Alfonso
Spain la dotted with powder (the Inte dictator, is hotly 'preneli- kegs, which It will take only a ing Fascism. The Socialists are apark to set off. The various brief riots and bombing exploits, which have taken place recently, are only n patch on what might happen and make the Paris riots look like a child's game. Until the election of the new Cories somo months ago, the partics of the Left raled the Spanish republle from its inception after the revolution of April, 1931, They wrote the radical constitu- tion. They banished the King forever and confiscated his es- tates. They neparated Church and atate. They took tenching out of the hands of Catholle orders and ed the expropriation of the vast decreed Inle schools. They order landed estates of the privileged nobles.
Jose Maria Gil Robles,
the job. Instead, he practiced law in Madrid and then entered journalism, becoming editor of the Catholic Journal, El Debate.
His entry into politics was puro. ly by chance. He was much in terested in the miserable lot of the Spanish peasants and soon became general secretary of the Catholle Agrarian Confederation. Becom ing politically active at last, he took part in the famous elections of April, 1931, as an avowed mon- archist, but ho added that prole- tarian reforms were possible un- der all regimes.
With the fall of the monarchy and the flight of Alfonso, he sub- mitied to the now republican re gime and ran for the first Cortes, hia platform being that he was going to defend religion, country, order, the family and property. When the new republican. tution was
ho boing discussed, withdrew from the Cortes on the ground that the proposed charter" was anti-religious and anti-social, Ho decinred for the revision of the Constitution even before it was adopted.
He became the flaming animator
addressed to his children at their and the Catalan provinces which home in Fontainebleau, France:
"Think always of Spain. Work enjoy autonomy under the new con- for her with faith and hope, and stitution. There the parties of of the Accion Popular und was the Left won a victory and the made not only its president, but may God grant that we relurn there some day when will be dle-President of the Catalan govern-lla chief organizer and orator, sipated the calumnies uttered ment, Senor Companys, stoutly Se successful was he in his appeal, that he wen 115 aents for hla "We are here to defend and not party, making the biggest in the and that so many imprudent peo-to attack the republic. But it second Cortes. It would have against me by some and Spaniards proclaimed: ple have believed. I hear rancor towards none and love them all, must be understood that it must been in order for President Azans be democratic and progressive to have called upon him to form as I have always loved Spain." and not degenerate into a repubile the new cabinet, but he preferred in the hands of mistaken persons to bide his time. So he suggested
Lerroux and Lorroux it was, The tension was only partly re-more manarchistic than repubilean," lieved when recently during a debate in the Corten. Robles, for the first time, seemed to give his adherence to the republic. He aald his party was willing to col- laborate
·
•
Then, largely through the ne- tion of the women, who were attacks on the outraged by the Church, and by the tremendous campaign led by Gil Robles, the Left got the lleking of their lives. The awing to the Right was im
under the republic and mense. Robles found himself at the head of the biggest party. The oven to defend it from its enemies, Socialists dropped to a bare 59 Republicans need never fear that deputies. The Left was hopeless his party would be induced to dis- ly in the minority and a govern- loyalty. He pointed to the two ment of the Centre was formed by years of "purgatory" they had ex- the radical leader, Premier Ler-dured under the first republican roux. Needing support from the Right, the government has neces- The sarlly leaned to the Right. result is: nobody is satisfied.
Robles' own supporters want him to move faster and farther. Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of
Cortes, during which the religious convictions and political feelings of his friends were tested by fire without making them waver from the legal path.
This was an answer to a chal lenge which came from Barcelona
*
*
Andorra la Velin, world's smallest capital of the world's oldest republic, looks with the prile of # centuries of free- dem up to the lowering Fyrós negan peaks which hem it in on every skle. The map shows the Jocation of the tiny republic Andor, still living. In the glamour of medieval days.
ANDORRA
ANDO LAVIELLA.
ONE OF THE WORLD'S
SMALLEST CAPITAL
ALB QAVİLƏ
of
An American may rule as King. The glamour of medieval days they have been known until recent from a purchased throne, over still broods over Andorra, and its years as the most parsistent smug-
meru the rights that have been theirs Andorra, world's oldest republic 5,000 inhabitants guard fontously glers in southern Europe,
Anything which smacks and one of its tiniest, a speck on Europe's map, nestling since the days of Charlemagne, beneath the shadow of peaks of Trae, they are under the suzerain-modern ways is frowned on by the Spanish blahop of Urgel, but each ways of thelg foroínthors and live
no they did. the Pyrenees, between France and ty of the French president and the mountain folk, who cilag to the man regards himself as his own Spain,
monarch in a land that has no law; no police, and no army, and where crime virtually is unknown.
But at any time he gives the Gil Robics, the true man of the word, his party followers will de- hour, has suddenly shot across the sert the cabinet and it will fall. Spanish political sky like a fash- So far Robles has gives no such ing meteor. He is the youngest indication. He seems to prefer to man of power in European politics, work through the present cabinet, Born in Salamanca 35 years ago, he getting the laws he wants. He is was the son of G!! Robles, pro- trying to bring about restoration fessor of the faculty of law of of the teaching orders. He has
Unnamed by the Council of Salamanca Univeralty and Catholic also put down a law to give the vast scheme of deputy in the Cortes for Pam- dele to 680,000 unemployed, com-
and bined with a peluna. Graduating in law letters from the home town uni-volunteer labour camps for the re- Ministers, which divulged the pro- versity, he took ble doctorate in forestation of Spain's countless pozal, and then later Issued a Madrid and, in a competition, won treeless wastes. His dole bill is denial, the American is said to the chair of political law in the clever move destined to cut the
ey for his enthronement. University of Laguna in the Can-ground from under the feet of his have offered a large sum of mon. ary Islands. But he never took Socialist opponents.
The inhabitants speak Catalan
council which rules over the re- public of 191 square miles includes and are Roman Catholics. Tho
Sheep raising is the occupation | 24 members, elected by the in of most of the inhabitants, though hibitants of its 38 villages.
Swastika's Shadow Over the Balkans: New Four THE NEW SAFETY IN NIGHT-DRIVING
Power Pact Designed to Preserve Frontiers
BY MILTON BRONNER.
"Deware the powder kegs! Don't strike a spark! Stand out. of the path! We've got the water hose rendy."
That is one meaning of the Balkan Pact which was recently Higned by Rumania, Yugoslavia, Turkey and Greece in the city of Athens amid general rejoleing, flying of flags, eating of bells and booming of cannon. For the pop- ulace realized that it was one more attempt to keep the Balkans from blowing up and starting the "next" war.
Whether it is just another of those pucts, another scrap of a- per, or the real thing, me alone can tell. Already the European chancelleries are pointing out that the pact has not been signed by two very important countries-AÍ bania and Bulgaria. Also it has, no set time limit, so that it can be ditched at any time. FRONTIER SECURITY.
Writing modern history in "the nervous Balkans,” statesmen of four countries are shown above
as they signed the pact, intended to guarantee the security of their international frontiers. Left to right are Foreign Ministers Towfik Ruoshdi Bor of Turkey, Titulescu of Ramania, Maximos of Greece and Jaftich of Yugoslavia.
literally walked on exga. Turkey, and Greece did not drag Albania In its preamble it is set forth in because they are on fine terms that it is an attempt to consoli
now with Italy and that country is date peace in the Balkans and
both Albania's ally and protector. carry out the spirit of the Kel-
On the other hand, all of them logg-Briand pact against wars. wanted to bring Bulgaria in. That But the ment of it is that the six country held back, because it still natories mutually guarantee the hopes for some peaceful revision security of their Balkan frontiers of the Treaty of Neuilly and for undertake to consult with
some more generous action on the other in case of threatening event-
part of Greece, whereby Bulgarian ualities and not embark on any exporta can find a good sea out political action toward any other let. Besides, Bulgaria and Grecce Balkan country without previous have a serious controversy over mutual discussion. However. It the cost of exchange of Greek and is added that other Balkan coun- Bulgarian populations. tries may join in the Pact after Such as the past is, Turkey and their application has been discuss Greece were the most enger for its
each
ed and agreed upon by the signa-signature. They have been dis- tory powers.
All of the signatories were really afraid of the mvisionist movements in countries like Bul garia and Hungary. All of them get new territory as a result of the world war settlementa: manin got the Dobrudja from Bul- garia: Yugoslavia got big silces of territory from the old Austro Hungarian empire, Greece got parts of the Macedonion and Thra clan plaina; Turkoy got back mart of Thraco which had once been conquered by Bulgarian valour. Bulgaria was, thereby, cut off from access to the Aegean Sea and left with no ports except on the Black Son, which is liko a salt in land lake exit from which is con- trolied by Turkey.
The Pact really engages the sig natorics to combine in defence of the Paris protocol of 1926 which defined Albania's frontiers: the Treaty of Neuilly, which fixed Bul Karla's decapitated state; and the Treaty of Lausanne, which settled the frontiers of Turkey in Europe. AGREEING ON FORMULA,
In finding a formula upon which they could agree, the signatories
turbed for some time over the in- creasingly friendlier relations be- tween the ancient foes, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, Rumania took a almilar view, The somewhat Yugoslava were in no hurry. The recent exclrange of visits between King Alexander of Yugoslavin and King Berle of Bulgaria and the conversations between their min- latara have led to a distinctly bet ter tone between the two coun tries.
AIM OF YUGOSLAVIA.
The Yugoslavs are probably considerable prepared to make concessions to Bulgaria in order to Lind her to a closer union. Abov all things. the Yugoslava want to make their castern flank accuro. of trouble with Italy. case which might also mean conflict with Hungary In the north, they do not want to face also hostile Bulgaria. The result is that whon the pact was Anally drawn up, it
was couched in such terms as to be the least offonaive to Bulgaria.. The Yugoslave will pursue their negotiations with Bulgaris. If necessary to arrive at an under-
More of us will enjoy night driving as well as we do motoring
by day once we use our headlights as the designers intended, onco we look after them as closely as we do the engine, and once the various motorists atates crack down on driving cars with poorly focussed, glaring beams.
The headlights on three-fourths of the cars in uso to-day provide effiefont illuminatlon, if they are- maintained and used properly, saya Mr. R. N. Falge, headlighting re- search engineer of Detroit,
per-
Fact is, only a very low centage of drivers watch thoir lights as they do the rest of the car, and these actually prefer driv- ing by night to motoring through heavier trame by day, Mr. Falge
Bays.
Preacut laws in
many U.S. states are based on the single beam headlighting arrangement of some
standing with that country, they seemingly independent Austria, 15 years ago, and these laws re- could easily cancel the new four whose heads would be in agree. quired drivers to keep their lights power pact or else insist upon ment with or take orders and pali-properly focussed, besides keeping modifications which would satisfy cies from Berlin. That accom.the bulbs down to a comparatively the Bulgarians and bring them in. pllaked, the semi-Fasclet govern low candle power.
That any pact was signed was ment of Hungary would quickly due above all to one big para fall into line and German power NEW TYPES mount fact-Germany, The Bal would extend right into the heart kan statesmen feel that sooner or of the Balkans. A possible com- later Herr Hitler will win his bat bine of Nazi Germany and Fascist tle to dominate: Austria. It will Italy would then dominate and not be necessary in plain terms to overshadow all that part of Eur- annex her to Germany and awal ope and France would be power- low her up. All that will be needless to come to the rescue of her
allics. ed will be a Nazi government in a
U
55
RALLYE MONTE CARLO
AXBL
'At first glance, the front of this car may look like a young collegian's Idea of class and show.. But every fight had its partic ular use, recently, when the Ear pactleipated in the Monte Carlo Nally in France. Even the Mito light extending from the bumper. kept the driver out of ditchen, C. J. Joyce, British racing driver, la obown Inspecting the arrangements, in London.
But the double beam headlight, bility on his right.
With this now type of headlight
switch at the long has taken the place of the
This is standard single beam, and lately has come ing. the throw of the 'pro-focused" headlight with a steering wheel casta the left beam "meeting beam" arrangement that downward, his left while retaining full. visi cara to-day. permits a driver to avoid glare on equipment on nearly all makes of
The newly elected Council for the International Battlement assembled and took office recently at the Municipal Council Cham- bera, Mr. H. E. Arnhold was elected Chairman for the surrent munisipsi yaur and Belg-Gen. E. B. Maonaghten wil fill the post of Vice- Chairman. The above photo wen taken shortly after the conclusion of the initial meeting of the new civia body, Seated (left to right); Mr. P, W..Mauwny, Mr. Yu Yavshing, Brig. Gen. Marnaghtan, M. H. Arnhold, Mr. T. Funals, and Mr. L. Z. Yuan. Blanding (Left to right) Dr. John C. Wu (Chinese adviser); Mr. Stirling Fessenden (Secretary General), Mr. Eugane Y, B, Klang, Mr. J. H. Liddell, Mr. J. W. Carnay, Mr. E. F. Harris, Mr. C. 5. Franklin, Mr. O. Omamoto, Mr. Sinioh Hau and Mr. J. R. Jones, (Becretary),
But, as close to the ideal na this arrangement can be, it's of no value if the motorist falls to throw proaches, Mr. Falge insists. that switch when another car ap
Neither is it of any use while you are rounding a curve to the right or approaching an upward Incline.
Furthermore, while you are de prived of the proper lighting to your right, rounding that curve, or far enough ahead nearing the hill, the approaching driver gets your lights into his eyes, no matter how you might try to avoid this, CAN'T ALWAYS HELP.......
Your politeness goes amiss, too, whenever you hit a bump,or when you have passengers in back, and another motorist approaches. This is capocially true in the caso' of the lighter care.
Those still are problems for headlighting engineers to solve,,
Generally, however, says Falgo, the two-beam system and tho nower "moeting beam" type of headlights can provide safe and comfortable driving at night. 11 every driver would throw that witch every time another motorist approaches. An
Finally, he can assure: good vielon for himselt by seeing that the lenses are clear and the bulbs fully effective. And by keeping the windshield clean. Duet on the windshield accentuates glares,
- יי קויייי - *, ניו+ל ידי P OR ו י ז י ויילייי ו -זי י ...... ...... ...
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