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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.
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SATURDAY, APRIL 8. 1933.
HISTORY OF ARCH
INTERESTING LECTURE BY
MR. S. V. BOXER
"The Historical Development of the Arch in Architecture" formed the subject of an interesting lect V. ture given by Mr. Stanley Boxer, B.Sc., under the auspices of the Hongkong University Su- gineering "Society last night.
The lecturer pointed out that in the first place all structural ar chitecture resolved itself into one: of two essentially different types; trabeated, where beams were used, and arculated, where arches or vaults were employed. The earliest form of architecture" was trabeated. All Greek structures standing to-day consisted of lin- tels esting on columns the ac- cumulative effect of which must have been very effective, but which were of coarse very extravagant in material It was not until the Roman period that the arch first appeared in common use, and then it did so, not so much as a simple arch as a barrel shaped vault.
a different The Romans lived type of life from the Greeks. They required large halls for their as- semblies, and the multiplicity of columns of the Greek type of 'build- ing rendered this type quite unsuit- able for the purposes for which the Roman wished to use their build- ings. The barrel-vaulted' building (roofed. It should be noted, not in masonry laid up in mortar, but in Roman cement) was narrow for its the idea length. Consequently occurred of having two or thres barrel vaults side by side, and arching the intervening walls.
Was
It
then discovered that by having vaults side by side the thrust of the one could be coun- teracted by the bursting thrust of The other, so that apart from the walls at the extreme sides of the building, walls could be made much lighter. Finally transverse barrel vaults were used, and the columnar effect much lightened.
The Bysantine Style.
were
The Romans were never stinted were for money or material, and able to build on such an extensive seale because they could afford. to do so. They resisted the bursting stresses of arches, vault and domes, by sheer mass of weight in the abutment walls. When the Roman Empire disintegrated, the Christian Church took up the matter of church building; but funds scarce, and they could not employ the expensive methods of their forertners. In Eastern Europe, a 'style known as Bysantine sprang up, where the essential feature was the dome. The Romans had ployed the dome, but only on a cir- cudar wall. This was unsuitable for covering a church whose plan was a Grek cross. Such, a cross could be, divided into five squares, and the Bysantines evolved method of making a elreular dome cover a square space, and by having five such domes covering the five [square referred in they were able Lo stone-roof an entire church. They moreover were able to resist thrust by thrust instead of by sheer. mass, and FO economise material.
Єm-
In the west however architecture daveloped along a wholly different line. There must have been much disappointment among the would- be builders as vault after vault fell in. But experience taught them at the last, and in teaching them, marvellous beauty of Gothic Architecture appcated, not 2131 thing deliberately sought, but as a (Continued on Page 11:)
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