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?
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH,
MANUFACTURING WEATHER.
(Continued from Page 2)
much heat to make steam as we muat pump out of water to make ice.
Cooling a Room..
SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1929.
and cold in at once produced.
At present, however, the "Elec- trolux will not enable us to bear the exporise of manufacturing the weather we want in our houses in Hongkong during the summer,
Where then is the hope? Wo might suggest to our friends who produce cold on, the mass produe- tion method that they should ex- plore the possibilitics of the sya- We can boil off other fluids. Ifem installed in the United States. we place ether or alcohol on the They might work out the commer skin, the rapid evaporation result cial possibilities and probabilities ing from the absorption of tent of such a scheme. They will pro- a cold bably ridicule it; but all new sug from the skin produces sensation. We car have a liquid gestions have been usually treat- like ammonia that will boll off cd that way, machine-made ice, at a temperature below 32 F and motor-cars included. Indeed If then we surround a vessel con-aeroplanes were not only ridicul- taining this liquid with water, the ed; the first suggestions were heat needed to boll It oft will be considered blasphemous by cer- abstracted from the water and ice tain rigidly religious people who will be formed. Hent may be were also rigidly ignorant of, and eliminated from a given space, recognised nothing Almighty in from this room, by absorbing it the laws of Nature. through the melting of ice.
Each pound of ice that is melt- ed to water and brought up to 88 F. absorbs 200 heat units. If we had a block of 100 lbs. of ice
We may be permitted to imagine a supply of liquid ammonia pump- ed through pipes to our houses from the cold factory. It is casier to imagine than was the vision of
Д
in the room in the summer wen supply of coul-gas, electric pów- should absorb 20,000 heat units er, and telephones to houses
by melting it, hundred years ago. from the room That is one way of cooling a room," or an ice cheat."
Our bodies are continually pumping heat into the atmosphere of the room; and even if we do abstract heat from the air of the room, more haut leaks in from outside through the windows and from our bodies, :
If we wanted to keep this room at some condition, suy that most comfortable for most people, 70' F. temperature, humidity 40, it is not enough to cool the air in the room. We have to continue keep drawing out of the roam all the heat that leaks in from outside and also all of the heat given out of the bodies of the people in the
room.
Ln
So we must have some surt, of n pump to extract the heat, und we use either water or air to carry the heat away,
Culd Producers.
It must, however, be confessed that the most hopeful prospect for the immediate future is some improvement in the home cold- producer. That leads us to con- sider what it is that we really require our household cold factory to do. It must, of course, do the comparatively trifling work as a heat pump now done by the ordin- ury ice box: In addition it has to keep the atmosphere of our hot set about 70 P. and hu midity, 40,
Figures for Artificial Weather.
As a result of my investiga- tions, which now extend over sev eral years, the following practical Agures are presented in the hope of arousing interest. They may even stimulate someone, who wishes to benefit humanity in the tropics, to furnish sufficient money to make possible the purchase of apparatus to continue practical experiments.
The following cost figures may It was in 1852 that Kelvin sug-
be of interest. Let us assume a gested a mechanical method of producing cold and in 1862 Kirk room 35 ft, long, 20 ft. wide and mude, the model of an air ma-12 ft. high. We calculate to chine. One of Kirk's carliest ma- change the air twice a day, or deal chines worked in an ice factory with, 17,500 cubic feet of air. in Hongkong and produced 4 lbs. The dimensions have been chose
as they are about those of a ho- of ice, for 1 lb. of coal. It was
pital ward. Relief to the sick very bulky.
must appeal to any but the most- hard-hearted.
Now 1 lb. of coal gives out about 12,000 heat units when burnt. For 1 lb of ice we must have 200
heat units abstracted. With
Д
very efficient gas producer plant we can make this do about 3,000, (heat) units of work. Thus 1 lb of coal will give us 7 lbs. of ice.
A drawback of the air machine is the formation of snow. So we ung other
heat carriers. All liquids do not,boil at 212° F. nor demand 1,100 units of heat to boil them under the conditions given above.
Be sure that your food
KEPT at ordinary tem
peratures, foods soon become unfit for use. Even before it possibly can be detected, spoilage
is safe to eat
is going on. Health is menaced by the rapid growth of harmful germs.
But you can avoid all this - with Frigidaire !
This automatic
makes dainty frozen desserts whenever you want them-as often as you wish.
Frigidaire operates without attention. It's air-cooled- no' water required, no plumbing necessary. It uses just ordinary clectric current from a single connec tion. It's powerful, quiet, depend-
refrigerator provides FRIGIDAIRE
the low tempera- tures which halt bacterial activity on foods. It keeps raw and cooked edibles in perfect condition ---fresh, pure, health- ful for days on end. It uses no ice, Yet it actually free- zes large ice cubes for every meal. Orit
Assuming the atmosphere "at g F. humidity 100, then to re- duce it to keep it at, let us say, about 70° F. humidity 40, we have to take several pounds of water out of air. Heat will be latter problem constantly leaking into the room,
יי
PRODUCT OF GENERAL Мотопя
able-efficient re-
gardless of kitchen
heat or outdoor temperatures. And .. its operating cost is remarkably low. We'd like to tell you more about Frigidaire for
your home. If conve- nient, call at our show room to-day
Dr
at your first opportunity.
·Sote Distributors for Hongkong and South China;—
DODWELL & CO., LTD.
needed for lighting purposes, and the height of the room reduced be. low that usual in Hongkong, this of heat leakage
from outside air is much less dif
QUEEN'S BUILDINGS,
before sending it back to them. A certain amount of fresh air should be supplied from outside and this would have to be cooled and de-humidified before being mixed with the air that has been
and heat from the human bodies ficult.
In the following case a gener-withdrawn from the room and will also affect the problem,, We can, however, be certain that wecus allowance has been made for cooled. At the most only about wen-heat leakage from outside into the ten per cent, outside air has to can get any manufactured ther we desire. What we are not room. The walls are not reckon be so treated.
The actual cost of installing a plant in Hongkong "is sure about is the cost in Hong-ed to be insulated. Calculations kong. Only experiments can de-show that it should be possible to such
about $5,000. During the summer eide that matter.
months I would probably have to work ten hours a day; the cost for electric power on this assump tion being $1 a day. It would possibly cost about $200 a year for electric power; probably less. In conclusion, the lecturer aald he appreciated the opportunity of the Institution lecturing before and announced that the students
In the U.S.A. liquid ammonia was supplied to housen and boiled Assuming that we wish to re- off in cells and then returned to duce 17,500 cubic feet of air at a central station. That was, in 88" F. and humidity 100, to a deed, cold on tap. If we had cold temperature of 70 F. and humi- ammonia pipes in our rooms in city 40, we shall have to abstract Hongkong in the summer they a great deal of heat. The follow- would rapidly become conted withing rough estimates are given. anow formed from the moisture in the atmosphere.
The Money Problem.
Coal in Hongkong.
It would cost about $25,000 for the requisite machinery to be It has been mentioned that the purchased and installed in Hong- first ice machine in Hongkong kong. With electric power at five produced 4 lbs. of ice per lb. of centa a unit it might cost as much coal. There have been such im- as $1,500 a year to run the ma- provements in ice-making plarts chinery, making an allowance for
and and in the production of power depreciation
repairs. It that for a plant fer making ice might cost less. Only expert- under modern conditions we can ments with local conditions obtain better results than 722 decide the actual cost. lbs. of ice for one pound of ensi
can
For a small drawing room in 3 There has been a great deal of house the cost would be less, es- progress in connexion with coldpecially if the house were design- production.
ed to accommodate these ideas... A house is a more difficult affair because of the sub-division into rooms and the many doors,
So far as the ordinary house- holder in concerned it is not so much the progress in connexion
With the utmost respect for with the local central cold pro- duction factory that has been those who have designed and built noticed, although engineers know houses in Ilongkong in the past it of the cost reductions in the ice must be admitted that there are and cold storage depots. It is the improvements that could have household cold production ma-been mado in many houses if wen chine, the Kelvinator, the Frigi- ther conditions in this part of the daire and the Electrolux plants, world had been considered care,
fully, by the designers. that Interest us.
We have considered the cost of We have now reached that stage where there are in this Colony manufacture of more or less ideal about 300 cold production ma weather, viz., air at seventy de- chines at work in houses and Brees F. temperature and humidity clubs. And that is only the be40. We should benefit from any ginning.
Ice Without a Machine,
conditioning of the air; a drop fu ten degrees temperature and less humidity helps a great deal.
The Height of Rooms, " - Imagine a house with a small
A most remarkable stago in cold; production in the new "Electro-" lux" plant. There is no moving mechanism whatever. An electric room, any about 15'x15'x12′, for use as a sort of sleeping porch. heater or a gas flame supplies the heat needed to raise the tempera-It has been estimated that every ture (and no the pressure) of the occupant of a room gives out, at most, seven heat units per minutes, heat carrier which, in this case,There is the problem of removing
ammonia. Ordinary tan-
that heat, and also the heat that wator, or sea water, carries away leaks into the room from the out- the heat at that stage of the pro-side air. The design of the room ceedings when it is required to will affect the problem. If, In pump out heat from the heat the construction of the house, the carrier (ammonia) after which
walls are insulated, the window the ammonia la allowed to expand spaces cut down to the minimum
keep such a room at a temperature ten degrees below the outside air temperature, and at humidity 20 below the outside alr humidity with the following equipment. There would be two small freezing piante each using a 11⁄2 horse power motor and suitable expan- sion coils; also a small fan for taking air out of the room and passing some of it over the colls
Quality
VAT 69
Tells
THIS BRAND has
been in the same family since its incepe tion, and is quite inde pendent.
WIL BANDERSON & SON ELE Di End, 1863
Sole Agenta
W. R. LOXLEY & CO.
LEM
BO
the opportunity of the University had been appreciative of that they had elected Mr. W. J. Stokes, Mr. W. Ormiston and Mr. L. J. Blackburn to be honorary members of the 'University En- gineering Society.
Offering a vote of thanks to Professor Middleton Smith, H. E. the Governor said he hoped that Hongkong might be able to take the lead in most interesting ex- periments which would be for the welfare of the whole human race.
A vote of thanks to His Excel. lency for presiding was proposed by Mr. W. J. Stokes,
A cheque for £528; as a parting gift from Holy Trinity, Folkestone,
of St. was qresented to the Rev. W. H. Elliott, the new Canon Paul's recently.
NEW
VICTOR
RECORDS
FOR
FEBRUARY
TSANG FOOK PIANO COMPANY:
8, Des Vœux Road, Central.
Entranca Ice House Street.) Tel. 0.4648
MRS. SEKAI
MASSAGE
6, Wyndham Street, 1st floor,
Hedigkong.