1929-03-09 — Page 2

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

MANUFACTURING

WEATHER.

FASCINATING LECTURE BY PROF. MIDDLETON SMITH.

ARTIFICIAL COOLING.

SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1929.

extracts are taken from the paper as propared by the lecturer:

It is proposed to consider the artificial production of cold,

It is possible, to-day, to produce manufactured weather. Then why is it not done in Hongkong?, The problem that always faces the" practical engineer is that of expense. It should be possible to A fascinating lecture on "Cold manufacture, for an eight room- In the Tropics--the Possibility of ed house, the weather most suited Manufactured Weather" was de- to the average European, the livered by Professor C. A. Middle-weather best for human efficiency, ton Smith, M.Sc., M.I. Mech., E.,at a total cost for machinery up-- Taikoo Professor of Engineering keep and running expenses that in the University of Hongkong, to would be, roughly, the equivalent a large gathering, at the Institu- of a capital outlay of, about tion of Engineers, and Shipbuil~ | £8,000. dera of Hongkong Inst night, His Excellency, the Governor presiding. kong who will look back upon this There will be people in Hong-

Expressing his pleasure at be generation with the same fealings ing present, H.E. the Governor of pity that we have for those said he was pleased of the oppor-pioneers of the forties who had no tunity, first, because the Talkoo electric light, steamships, cables, Professor of Engineering at the wireless, motorcars, telephones, University was addressing mom- tap-waters, machine-made fee, mo- bers of the Institution of Ention pictures and daily news- gineera and Shipbuilders, between papers. which two bodies there should be i the closest liaison. Ho hoped that there would be other lectures be- fore the Institution by Professors of the University and also lectures to the University by members of the Institution.

The Production of Cold.

There is only one way known to engineers, at present, of reducing | the cost of manufactured weather. It is by 'reducing the cost of the mechanical production of cold,

נה

That is the factor that makes

The subject of the lecture was In order to obtain the air that one of immense. Interest, anid His is necessary for ideal weather con- Excellency. What a boon itditions we must by mechanical would be if a suitable rainfall | methods control four factors. We could be manufactured at the pre-must regulate (1) Humidity, (2), sent moment, not a deluge like Temperature, (3) Movement, that of 1926, but a suitable rain-air circulation, (4) Purity. Of fall which would fill the reservoirs these factors by far the most im-. and keep them up to level. What portant, from the point of view of also would the, Colony give to en-personal comfort and human sure really royal weather for the efficiency in Hongkong, is humidi- forthcoming visit of HR.H. the ty. Duke of Gloucester. Then again what would be the worth to hu-our summer climate so trying, for manity if Hongkong could be aur the air contains a great deal of rounded by an aura which would moisture in suspension. We have make it proof against typhoons. But if all these things came about to get rid of that excessive mois- Hongkong would perhaps become

ture in order to make the atmos perfect that there would be a only do that by pumping heal out phere more pleasant. We enn tremendous increase in the popu- of the moist air; then the, vapour lation, and people would be push-condenses into water and, no long- ing others off the Island.

er remains suspended in the air. When a Fan Might Fail.

Experimenta liave shown that Opening his lecture, Professor the human machine works at its Middleton Smith referred to the best, ia most efficient, when the first lecture he gave seventeen temperature of the air is 70° F. years ago. He said that his pre-and the humidity is forty. With sent topic was one which might | humidity at forty each cuble foot lend itself to a little exaggera of air contains 3.2 grains of mols- tion but the subject was one of turo.

Hongkong

considerable importance to dwell- Infortunately in era in the tropics. Speaking of cooling the body, he said the only during the summer the air is way to get cool was to condensed F. and each eybie foot of atr usually at a temperature of about the moisture froni the body.

as much #8 121 Pointing out that there were pro-may contain bably 10,000 fans in the Colony rains of moisture in suspension, he said that unless a fan could (humidity 100).

be arranged in an area which was Now the only way that we can Fot enturated it did no good at all. change that atmosphere into the

If the fun was placed in un al-deal atmosphere of 70° F. and

mosphere above body heat then it served only to increase the body hent.

humidity forty, is by pumping out considerable amount of heat from each cubic foot of air. Most He dealt also with modern food of the work done would be ex preservation, and said how púb.pended in pumping out hent front lie utility companies had made life the water vapour, so that about more comfortable. Dealing with nine grains of water

per cubic bacteria, he said he had been told foot of air would condense into that a germ multiplied itself every | water,

twenty minutes and therefore

from one there were four bacteria

Fans not Scientific. *.

within an hour. Following out The only general method of that calculation he found at the cooling people in Hongkong is by end of 15 hours there were 100 fans. There are upwards of 40,- million, and later enme the stage 500 electric funa in Hongkong. when 200 five-ton trucks would be Fans are better than nothing, but required to cart the bacteria they tre .0 poor substitute away. This was forgetting, of for manufactured weather. Big course, that some would have died rooms, ever so much bigger than In the meantime,

this, are kept at below freezing point in the tropics. Surely it is In connexion with the experi possible to regulate the atmos- ments with liquid air which servphere of this room so that the air

shall be at the temperature and humidity we desire.

Let us trace out how much heat

ed to give added interest to fascinating lecture, Professor Middleton Smith said that a gal lon of liquid air had been left in the premises overnight. Perhaps we must abstract, or 'pump out, some inquisitive coolie had taken of 1 h of water to make 1 lb. of out the cotton wool, for on the ice. In the summer, in Hong- following morning there were kong the water in at about 88° icicles in the room but no, liquid. To reduce one; pound of water air in the machine. Laughter). from 88° F. to lee at 32° F. we The lecture was prepared in the hent units. To boil 1 lb. of water must pump out, say, a total of 200 form of a paper, but Professor at 88° F. into ateum we must sup Middleton Smith departed from it ply about 1,100. heat units. So to some extent. For the purposes that it takes nearly six times us of clear explanation the following

(Continued on. Pago 8.)

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