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THE UNLUCRATIVE: CALL- ING OF POLITICS.
A correspondent writes in the Guberner, as follows Spoils of Omoel The phrase was long since emptied entirely of its eighteen-century suggestion of *grab," and now that the House. of Commons bas protested--with funusual unanimity, too—against the Government Bill of increase from £2,000 to £5,000 the salaries of the Ministers of Education, Agriculture. Labour and Food (thus bringing them up the rate of Secretaries State) it may be taken, that "spoils," in the sense of pecuniary rewards, will less and less attach to service of the State. Govern- ment office. happily, will always bring the chance of gaining the greatest of most alluring "spoil" of all-that of doing something to maintain the renown of the country for honour and the pros perity and happiness of its people.
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the public Bright," said Gladstone. "Td rather take my official money than anything I receive from land for I know I have earned every penny of it"
SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS,
2
requirements of It came out in the discussion service." of the Bill that the curious Cabinet arrangement between Ministers of the frst Coal- When Lord John Russell was ition Government under Mr. Prime Minister and First Lord of
The emoluments of office were Asquith, to put their varying the Treasury he publicly declared an important consideration to salaries into a pool, or common that no man without a private some of the greatest men in fund, and divide the amount forture could hope to fill any of political history. Burke, Pitt. equally, has been discontinued, so the high offices of the State with Sheridan. Perceval, and Canning that each Minister now receives freedom from pecuniary worries. had no hereditary fortunes, and the emolument attached to his
"For my part," he said, "I never if there were not adequate office. The "pooling," which was had a debt in my life until I was salaries attached to office. they quite a new departure at the time. First Lord of the Treasury." A could not have given their great is supposed to have been decided Minister is obliged largely to abilities to the services of the upon in order to mitigate the increase his personal expenditure country in government and ad- Burke, personal hardship suffered by in order to meet the social calls ministration. Edmund certain Ministers who, for no of his office. He must live in a whose movement for economic reason except the need of the better style as a member of reform in the conduct of State reshufe of offices in the forma- the Government than as affairs led to the abolition of tion of the Coalition Government, member of the Opposition. A many political sinecures, insisted. bad their emoluments heavily cut large hours, servants, and car-nevertheless, that
reasonable down.
riages are essential to the emoluments should be paid to To give one example. so dis-adequate fulfilling of his social Ministers. He said tinguished a Minister as Mr obligations as a Minister. ** If I Churchil, in the transfer from recollect aught," said Lord John the Admiralty to the Chancery Russell to the Select Committee of the Duchy of Lancaster, on Official Salaries in 1850. when dropped £2,500 out of his salary Monsieur de Terey went from of £4,500. But this adoption by Fracce to endeavour to make the then Cabinet of the trade peace with the Dutch Govern- union principle of paying one ment, he was very much struck, rate of wages more than doubled on calling upon the Grand Pen- the salaries of some Ministers, sionary, to find the door opened and more that halved the salaries by a servant-paid, and he thought of others. The sum that it showed very great republican each received was £4,246. The sympathy; and no doubt it was chief sacrifices were made very becoming. But I think that by the then Lord Chancellor, if Lord Palmerston hed only a whose salary is £10,000, and the housemaid to open the door, and then Attorney-General, whose foreign Ministers called there, salary, exclusive of fees, is everybody would say that he was £7,000. All the Secretaries of very mean and unât for bis State, who have uniform salaries situation."
I will even go so far as to affirm that if men were willing to serve in such situations with-
out salary, they ought not to be permitted to do it. Ordinary service must be secured by the motives to ordinary integrity. I do not hesitate to say that the State which lays its foundation in rare and heroic virtues will be sure to have its superstructure in the basest profligacy and corruption. An honourable and fair profit is the best security against avarice and rapacity, as in all things else a lawful and regulated enjoyment 18 the best security against debauchery and excess.
AN APPENDAGE OF WEALTH. of £5,000 gave up over £700 each, Palmerston was, at the tinie,
Moreover, if the salaries of The chief gainers were the Pre-Secretary of State for Foreign office were meagre, statesmanship sident of the Board of Education, Affairs, and, being a wealthy would become entirely an append- the President of the Board of man, was noted for his lavish age of wealth. In former times Agricultore, First Commissioner hospitality. In fact, the £5,000 most of the highest offices of Works, Chancellor of the year which the bead of the of the Government were Duchy of Lancaster, Secretary Foreign Office is paid does not filled by territorial mega- for Scotland, Lord Privy Seal and always cover the cost of living.ates, Whig or Tory-members Lord President of the Council, and the social entertainments of aristocratic families with whose salaries were £2,000 each, which he has annually to give. ample private means as well as The Ministries of Labour, In addition to maintaining a posi- great traditions of public service. Munitions, and Food were not tion of great dignity in a becom-To these men, possessed of per ing manner, he is expected sonal fortunes of £15,000, £20,000, The salaries of the chief officers regularly to entertain at his own or P40,000, a year, the salaries of of the Ministry were settled at expense the members of the office may have been regarded as their present figures, for the most various foreign diplomatic mis unconsidered trifles. And yet, part by an arrangement made so sions in London. Lord Rosebery strangely enough, in the seven- long ago as 1831. There have been has said that when he was teenth century, when rich noble- increases since them in the Foreign Secretary in 1893 hemen, their relatives and depend- emoluments of a few posts, such spent half of his year's salary
then in existence.
ants were at the head of affairs,
as the Board of Trade and the upon two receptions at the the political seems to have been Local Government Board (now Foreign Office.
the Ministry of Health), which have risen in importance; and
GLADSTONE'S PRINCIPLE.
some new offices have been creat- Gladstone, like Lord John ed. Before 1831 salaries were Russel, lived well in office and made up of fees, allow simply in opposition. On his
quite a lucrative profession, for a Minister often held his majority, in the House of Commons toget-
her, not so much by principles, as by places and pensions.
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Bat the old custom of confiaing ances, sinccures, and
re-appointment as Prime Minister versions. William Pitt, as for the first time in 1868 he took the highest of the offices of State First Lord of the Treasury, had a house in that region of the rich exclusively to men of hereditary only £4,800 a year, £1,800 as and fashionable. Carlton House position and weath and leisure Chancellor of the Exchequer, and terrace. After his defeat in the came to an end by the middle of £3,000 as Warden of the Cinque General Election of 1875 he wrote the nineteenth century. The Ports, the latter being an office to his wife saying that they must tendency to pen the arena of which had no duties. Yet his retrench their expenditure. The practical statesmanship to Secretary of State for Home truth is," he said, that innocent members of the party in power of Affairs drew £6,000. But whenly and from special causes
we proved ability and distinction, the Administration of Earl Grey have on the whole been housed but irrespective of birth.or rank (better known as the Reform better than according to our cir- or fortune, was strikingly Illu- Ministry) came into office a limit cumstances. All along Carltonstrated by the Administration of £5,000 a year for the greater House-terrace, I think, you would which Sir Henry Campbell-Ban- and parely political offices was not find anyone with less than £20,- nerman formed in 1905, and as it is agreed to on the recommendation 000 a year, and most of them with bound to obtain greater re of a Select Committee of the much more." His official salary cognition still as time progresses, LONDON DIRECTORY. House of Commone. In 1850 was but £5,000, and when it was the salaries of Ministers must be the emoluments of office were stopped he retired to Harley- at least sufficient to provide a again reviewed by a Select Com- street. During his two other livelihood in order to attract to mittee, which reported in favour of terms of office as Prime Minister the service of the State men well the retention, practically, of the he inhabited the official house in equipped for it in intellectual ability, business capacity, and ex- 1831 settlement. Included in Downing-street. this Committee of fifteen Gladstone had a passion for perience in affairs, but without members were'
such rigid public economy. He even grudg- private means. economists 45 Molesworth, ed the spending of a small, sum The fact, however, remains that Cobden, Bright, and Ricardo. of money to make bright with the emoluments of office are not "For these offices," they said in flowers the little garden at the the attraction of the public ser- their report, to the House, "it is back of No. 10, Downing-street, vice, and they never can be in requisite to secure the services of so eager was his desire to limit any conceivable circumstances of success, the inevitable pre- men who combine the highest, the demands on the National talents with the greatest ex- Exchequer. But he always perience in public adairs and considered that he had well considering the rank and Import earned his allowance as a Minis ance of the offices and the labour ter Mr. John Bright, it seeme, and responsibility incurred by had a compunctions visiting of fortiines as statesined, or even of those who hold them, your Com- shame every time that the securing a livelihood, in the way mittee are of opinion that the quarterly cheque for his official salaries of these officers were salary arrived, and once he dis- settled in 1831 at the lowest closed his feelings to Gladstones amount consistent with the "There I don't agree with you,
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Those under the party system." who make politics a calling are very few in number. As a rule, men do not enter upon a political career with the object of making
that men study medicine to be come doctors or law to become barristers. The uncertainty of attaining office and, in the event
cariousness and, brevity of its tenure will always make states- manship the most unreliable of callings in the eyes of those bent on having a good balance at their If two able young men of equal bankers. mental endowment were to set out on the same day to make their way in the world; one going to commerce or the profession,
and the other into polities, it is almost a certainty that when the time came for retirement the man who had selected a professional of business avocation, and was successful, would be ten times "Lat wealthy, at the very least, the man who gave himself to the service of the State, though, hél had attained to the most renowni ed and exalted office of Prime Minister.