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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 1935.
THE TRADE DEPRESSION IN H.K.
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EXTRACT CHAPTER FROM COMMISSION'S REPORT
Below we publish another chap- ter from the Report issued by the Commission appointed by His Excellency the Governor, Sir Wi- lam Peel, K.C.M.G.. K.B.E., to en- quite into the causes and effects of the present trade depression in Hong Kong and make recom mendations for the amelioration of the existing position and for the improvement of the trade of the Colony."
From the above it will very na- turally and correctly be inferred that over three quarters of a mil- Hon Southern Chinese directly make a living in Hong Kong. There is no doubt that very many more in China derive their living from the activities of their com- patriots in the Colony.
recommend that this should be changed. The evidence that we have heard on this subject entire- ly support this view,
1!
CLOSER CONTACT
Soon after we commenced our deliberations it was suggested to us that if the Colony in some way were to come within the tariff wall of China as far as trading with China was concerned, the con sequent facility of closer contact and co-operation would be of great mutun benent. It was considered that such an arrangement would open the whole area between Hong Kong and Canton to industrial and other' development on a large scale. as an arrangement of this nature would conduce towards confidence in the economic future and reduce to a minimum that bugbear, to both The Chinese population of the China and Hong Kong, or the great but unascertainable amount Colony and its commercial and In- dustrial activities is of great value of smuggling which goes on. Vari- To-day's chapter which deals to its parent provinces in the same ous alterative schemes were pro- with "Hong Kong's Pusition vis-a-way that those Chinese who have posed with which it is not neces- gone abroad to Singapore and sary to burden this report. Rough- vis China," says:
aly they ranged from the total in- other parts of the world are great asset to China. The Chinese clusion of the Colony within the people in Hong Kong and abroad Tariff Barrier to an inclusion of are by their industry able to create only the New Territories therein. ealth which they remit to the By the adoption of some such a parent country. A recent estimate scheme it was anticipated that the of this wealth by Mr. Rémer in his revenues of China would be great- book, ("Foreign Investments in ly increased and that both the in- places remittances to dustrial development started by China") China from Chinese abroad at a Canton under the Three Year Plan varying amount of $150 to 200 ml- and the small Industries of Kow- lions per annum. As the vast ma- loon would expand into indus- jority of Chinese emigrants, come trialisation of the area between those two places. The Commission from the Southern Provinces and because of the excellent exchange has been given to realise from facilities existing in Hong Kong. I various press reports that sugges- the bulk of these remittances pass tions such as these would at first blush meet with opposition from through the Colony.
certain sections of the Canton Community While this report is being
Inasmuch as depression in Hong
In view of the circumstances adumbrated above it has been considered by some that nothing can be done to alleviate conditions in Hong Kong and that we can only wait for a revival of world asked ourselves trade. We have whether a revival of world trade will necessarily bring returned the Colony, The prosperity to answer we have made is that while Hong Kong must somewhat parti- cipate in any such improvement it is not, In view of the rising industrial activity and Elgh tarifs of China likely to get very far without a much closer friendly China economic contact with and/or a closer economic contact with the rest of the British Em-Kong has caused economic strin- pire. The second point will be, gency amongst its large Chinese dealt with in the next chapter. Population the latter's remittances Here we are concerned with Hong to China have decreased, and in some cases because of lack of oc- Kong's position vis-a-vis China.
cupation the workers are forced to Hong Kong in natural economic is dependert on circumstances
return to their native provinces where they remain. Idle or even be- China for 1 great deal of its
come 'destitule. Neither Hong welfare. A considerable portion of its dally food comes from China Kong nor South China is benefited and the result is yet a further ise and its main trading business is with China. On the other hand in the tide of depressiun. Hong Kong is economically of great value to South China inas-
It appears to us that South much as it is the great sea-port
China is Hong Kong's largest and through which goods flow to and from the rest of the world, a fin-ogical marker and that South ancial centre, and a storehouse of great value to trade as goods stor- ed in Hong Kong do not have to bear duty charges. A further and very striking point regarding this Colony its relationship
to
China is that its population is 97% Chinese and that the major- ity of this Chinese, population has Its roots in the South China pro- vinces. mainly Kwangtung.
THE POPULATION
A discursion here on the popula tion of Hong Kong may (be of some interest. Prior to the Brt- tish occupation of Hong Kong the population ashore and afloat does to have exceeded a not appear total of 2,000 persons. In 1842 this had increased to over 15,000 persons about 12,000 of whom were Chinese. In 1871 the population was about 124.000 and in 1923, 50 years later. It had increased to over 600,000. The last census was taken in 1931 when the total popu- lation was recorded as beinig, to the nearest round figure, 850,000. The actual increase in the popu- lation in the decade 1921-1931 of 215,000 people was larger than in any previous decade though the rate of increase was less than that of the previous decade being only 34.44% as compared with 38.87%
SOUTH CATNA
drafted numerous para-
graphs are appearing in the Can- ton press opposing "a proposal for the creation of a Customs House at Kowloon on the grounds that such would hinder the development of agriculture, industries and com. merce, increase the damping of foreign goods and end in economic bankruptcy."
The Commission have no know-. ledge of any such suggestions hav- ing been made either by or to the Government of Hong Kong and much time seems to have been spent on combating an upformed suggestion. We are aware that negotiations took place between the Chinese and Hong Kong au- thorities in the year 1929 for the conclusion of a Customs Agree ment somewhat on the lines of the suggestions now made. As far as we know, however, the matter has since lain in abeyance until again brought before us for consideration by some of the business community of Hong Kong engaged in import- ing into and exporting from Chias.
China needs the facilities which Hong Kong can afford. Close con- tact and effort towards mutual be- nefits, therefore, seem to be the only likely move which will tend towards Increased prosperity. Judging from the Press, Canton would seem at the moment to be determined to be economically as independent of Hong Kong as she possibly can and the problem therefore, is how to turn this shortsighted spirit of indepen-
Subsequently we heard a con- dence into one of co-operative movement to the mutual benefit of aiderable amount of evidence from both parties. In the long run of merchants, and manufacturers on the world's history, policies of this subject, and with few excep- careful and balanced co-operation have always proved inore effica- clous than policies of inconsidered independence. It may, in this con- nection, not be amiss to mention the recently
tions received the opinion that an inclusion of Hong Kong within the Tariff Wall of China would be of material Beneat to the trade of South Chins both because of the. actual moving of the obstructive. barrier between two parts of the same Economic Entity and because increased conndence would ensure much greater activity and move- ment of goods, while trade would be placed on a full and proper and moral basis instead of being handi- capped by the present vagaries of smuggling, a practice abhorrent to all good traders.
concluded Hong Kong-Canton Railway Agreement In the negotiation of which mut- ual concessions were made in the greatest spirit of friendliness to wards anul agreement. The value of an agreement on that basis can readily be seen in this case by the immediate speeding up of trains and increased trafic, The benefit cannot be otherwise
It may be Interpolated here that than mutual. The same principle must apply to trade and commerce Expressions of opinion have been which are equally matters of two heard to the effect that the smug- way traffic. Hong Kong supplies king which goes on is actually of South China with the use of a benent to the Colony nasmuch as first class free port and first class goods imported into Hong Kong entrepot trading facilities and sold to dealers subsequently And thir way into China free of South China prepared to increase the value of those facilities to her-duty, whereas if duty were to be would not be imported. In answer self, by helping Hong Kong to paid the same quantity of goods maintain them?
to this suggestion we are glad to say that every witness with whom this question was discussed was of the opinion that emuggling is an extremely undesirable basis for trade and that as a co-operative movement with South China for an Improvement in economic condi- tions they would like to see steps taken for its removal. ts, removal
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suit of gain Portion occupied
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Portion
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1/11.156
in -occupied Transport and Com- munications.71,284 Portion occupied in Fishing and Agricul- ture. Portion occupied fir Commerce and Fin ance
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the principal and basic activities of the Colony are Trade and Com- merce, and the auxillary services appertaining thereto, and that in- dustrial activity has only recently arisen and assumed any sizeable. proportion.
- INDUSTRY OF MINOR. IMPORTANCE
The development of Kowloon during the decade 1921 to 1931 1 evidenced by the fact that in this decade the population of the is land of Hong Kong increased by only 17.79% as compared with an Increase of 42.19% in the previous decade whereas the increase of po-
Various suggestions have been pulation in Kowloon between 1921
made to the Commission with the and 1931 amounted to 113,06%..
The total population of the Co- view to an increase in the develop lony was record in 1931 as con- ment and prosperity of the whole sisting of about 821,000 Chinese economic unit of Bouth China and and about 28,000 non-Chinese Of Hong Kong, but before examining
Until we examined the position" the 821,000 Chinese only 33% are these there is one point which
we were a body Inclined, with recorded as having been born in might with advantage be dealt
others, of the community, to con- the Colony the remaining 87% with here. This is the suggestion
from these figures it will be seen alder the industry of Hong Kong as having been born in China (65% in that Hong Kong should break from
THE INDUSTRIAL ASPECT that about one quarter of those being of very maior Importancs. the Province of Kwangtung). For the policy of free trade followed
Before going further it is neces-occupied in pursuits of gain as the result of research and evi- those desirous of examining this since its foundation, and adopt a position further it may be men- tariff which it can use as a bar-sary somewhat to consider the in- one seventh of the total popula dence, however, we have come to tioned that the length of residence gaining point with China and dustrial aspect of the question, Action) l engaged in some kind of the conclusion that it has assumed of the Chinese population has other countries. We are unanim cording to the 1231 Census Report manufacture, while a somewhat a proportion which can by no been gone into carefully in the ously of the opinion that such a 5287 per cent of the population smaller number is engaged in com- means be disregarded and that merce and finance. It is estimated, while it has arisen in somewhat 1931 Census Report. If suffices step would cause added confusion ¦ of the Colony is engaged in “earn here to quote from that report, to an already confused state of Ing & lving. That is to say, this however, that of the rest of the haphazard style it does contribute "The population still remains to a affairs. While we are not sent percentage is actually occupied in working population a very much substantially to the welfare of the large extent migratory, a large mentally disposed to regard the pursuit of "gain." Table No, 39 greater proportion la engaged in economic unit of South Ching unde proportion going backwards and free-trade policy of the Colony as on page 65 of that report gives a servicing finance and commerce Hong Kong. We are of the epink forwards between the Colony and untreatable should circumstancesynopsis of Industrial Classifies than in servicing manufacture. however, and all the evider China. With the increase in fe- demand a moderate measure of tion which is of considerable in These figures are merely produced, which we have heard bears this mily life this coming and going protection to Hong Kong products, treat. The following Brures have without any desire to exaggerate out, that the industry or
to show that a substantial portion Hong cannot develop manch may be reduced somewhat, but the we are of the opinion that gener- been extracted therefrom;---
of the activities:
the Colony its present stage except returns from this Oelmus show ally speaking Hong Kong's pro... Total population ..................
Portion of total popula
engaged in ind that it still continues to a very sperity is still largely due to its
"[Continued b Lion occupied in pur great extent,'".
free trade status and we do not
) course, quite well
ecognised that