Page
Modern Factory - Conditions
There are still those, even if their number is diminish.ng who hold to the liberal doctrine of Clausser-faire and who see in the Retivities of the Fastory Inspec- tors an unjustifiable attempt to interfere with employers of la- bour to do what they like with the r own: There are others who, perhaps less ardently, are of the opinion that one of the causes of humand unrest at the present time is the increasing organisation of industry into large units, wh.ch by" their very size introduce a cer- tain soullessaets into the rela tons between employer and em- ployed. A study of the Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for last
has recently year, which
been published by H.M. Stationery Omec, may be recommended to both these classes, as it forms an Interesting commentary on cer- tain aspects of the world which makes up the trade and industry of the country.
When we are told of a boy em- ployed in a dry cleaning works. who was on duty for 1561 hours in eleven days, including spells at work of as much as 22 hours and 37 hours; and of ati'aerated. water factory, where the hours for the young people engaged rang- ed from 1 a.m. to 5.45 p.m. on three days, and from 1 am. to sp.m. on one day in a particular week. it becomes very difficult to argue that inspection is
unnecessary.
The feeling engendered is in fact rather one of disgust that such things should be in the Twen- tieth Century and of regret that "the fines Imposed for these anti-
social acts were not heavier, -
Bad Employees
chapters entitled "Piece-work Particulars" and "Truck,” in both of which instances are given of procedure, which tends to deprive the worker of the just results of his labour. Such practices as understating the cloth length to the extent of 28 per cent. Inde- finiteness in plece-work prices and Enes for so-called negll-
As regards our second point it would appear from the evidence that the offenders, who we are glad to think, form a small pro- portion of the total, are in gene- ral neither large companies, nor trusts, but one-man firms. It is also with no little pleasure that we fall to find any engineering concerns pilloried for this type. of neglect of their duty to their fellaws. It is reported that with the revival of trade there is a general tendency to revert to a length of working day extending to the full legal mit. In this connection It is interesting to And that such extension is by no means invariably displeasing to the workpeople. fo: instances are given where the attempt to introduce the two-shift system. owing to the increasing volume of trade, have met with oppost- tien, owing to the fact that it might mean a reduction in the wages of those already employed. Bad employere also figure in the
gence, and for allowing a bobbin to fall on the floor, are rightly being resisted, and the action taker should be supported by all. and they are the majority, who realise that this is not good busi- ness or good taste.
A Wide Field
"
From what we have already said. it will be obvious that the report covers a very wide field. Safety, accidents, health, employ- ment and welfare are all dezit with, and, the only phase which does not receive its due share of attention is that connected with ' électrical equipment. The ex- planation of this is, howefor, that a renowned and recently retired electrical inspector made his th's subject so peculiarly own, forms the subject of a sepa- rate publication.
This separa- tion must not, however, be taken to imply that electrical equip- ment is becoming more dangerous. Actually there were 346 accidents. 25 of which
fatal. due. were
to this cause, a total which is well below the Bve-year average in spite of the increasing use of this form
of power. more definitely. "this stabbity has been attained in spite of the fact that the output of authorised undertakings has been increased by 132 per cent, during the past ten years and that the number the of factories coming under électricity regulations has risen from 72.820 to 127,756 during the same period>-----
To put the position
非
COURSES IN SANITARY
SCIENCE
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1934.
ENGINEERING AND BUILDING
NEW CONTRACTS
Messrs. Kryn and Laby Coborn Works. (1928.). Limited. Letchworth, Herts, have obtained a contract, for 120 tons of mireel- laneous castings from a rolling- mill, corporation.
Some of the
items will be of mild steel, some of high-carbon steel, and the re- mainder of the Arm's K.L "strong steel This is guaranteed. to possess a tensile strength of 35 tons to 40 tons per square inch. with a minimum elongation of 20 per cent and a cold-test bend of 120 deg..
Messrs. Harland and Wolf Limited. Belfast, have received an" order from Messrs. Elder Dempster Lines, Limited, Liverpool, for the construction of 名
motor new passenger vessel for intercoastal service in West Africa. The ves- sel, which is to be laid down in Belfast. will be propelled by Harland-B. and W. engines, and is to be ready for service early next year.
Messrs. James Combe and Son. Limited, 9, South-ampton-street, London, W.C.1. who recently com- pleted the all-electric plant for the Empire Swimming Pool, Wem- bley. described on page 118 ante. are to be responsible for the de- sign and installation of the all- electric thermal storage space- warming. alc-conditioning, swim- ming-pool warming, and hot- water service plant at the new health centre at Peckham. the consulting engineer for which is Sir E. Owen Williams.
LOCOMOTIVE BUILDING AT CREWE AND DERBY
The Levant Fair And
British Trade
Having undertaken the Man- date for Palestine, it should hardly be necessary to point out that coupled with the implied responsibilities a very good op- portunity is afforded for the ex- pansion of British trade, in a re- gion which so far, has not been made familiar with the quality. and other characteristics, of Bri- tish products to as full an extent as might be. To remedy this the Levant Fair at Tel-Aviv has pre- sented valuable' opening, but, Judging from a report of Mr. B. M. Bellasts, the organising secre:- ary of the Exhibition Section of the Federation of British indust- rles, of which we have been pri- vileged to receive a copy, this fact has not been recognised to the extent which it deserves. On ac· count of the importance of this Eastern Exhibition, as a means of awakening an interest in the pro- is ducts of this country, which the best customer of Pa- lestine, we propose to call atten- sion to some of the remarks and deductions made by Mr. Bellasis, in the hope that greater appre- clation may be shown by increas- ed participation, when the Levant Fair is next held in 1938.
The London Midland and Scot- tish Rallway Company inform us that it has been decided to construct 117 new locomotives at the company's workshops at Crewe and Derby under the 1935 locomotive-renewal programme. Crewe will be responsible for 55 new engines, and Derby for 62. Ten of the locomotives will be of the Princess Royal class, de- signed for working Anglo-Scot- tish express trains, Included also in the total are ten 2-8-0 tender locomotives for working heavy freight trains; these are of a new design prepared by the com- pany's chief mechanical en- gineer. Mr. W. A Stanler, and will be built at Crewe. The re- maining engines are of the 4-6-0 three-cylinder. 4+6-0 mixed- Lon-traffic, 2-6-2 passenger tank," and «
2-6-4, three-cylinder tank types.
The autumn session of the train.ng courses for candidates desiring to enter for the ex aminations held by the Royal Sanitary Institute for sanitary inspectors...moke inspectors, and for associateship in general hy- giere and sanitation and in sani- tary science, will commence, on Wednesday. September 19. Par- ticulars the lecture courses available and syllabuses of the examinations are obtainable from the secretary of the Institute, 90. Buckingham Palace-road, don, S.W.I
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A Great Sucess"
AN INTERESTING PAPER
read
Low Ash-Content Coal
or-
In a paper by Dr. E. S. Grumell before the Institution..of Mining Engineers the interesting subject was
the considered of commercial preparation by dinary cleaning methods of what the author calls "pure coal," that is a product containing not more than something of the or- ash. He der of 2 per cent, of "pointed out that, at the end of 1932, about 35 per cent, of the coal in Great Britain was being cleaned, this” deing- equivalent to the small coal, practically all and emphasised the complexities connected with coal cfeading. drawing particular attention to the fact that in many cases claan coal is not of so great an advant- age for combustion as is gene- rally imagined.
exhibits and the traffic to be anticipated with the arrival öf business visitors from every part of the Levant. Tha - largest single building was that devoted to Pa- lestine industries, which must have "surprised many of the. visitors, for few could ever have previously realised the extent and the variety of the industries al- ready established in the country. The next most Imposing building was the British Pavilion. Another building was, divided" so as to house the displays organised by the French and Italian Govern- ments in the two wings, and gen-..
centre eral foreign exhibits In : section. Immediately beside the main entrance, perhaps in the best position from a publicity point of view was the Belgian Pavilion. Other buildings of " considerable "size devoted to the products of Czechosbovakia, Fo- land, and mixed general exhibits, There were also between twenty, and thirty smaller structures, de- voted to the work of various Gov- ernment Departments, the City of Tel-Aviv, the Palestina Labour Federation, the Palestine Orange Growers' Association, and smaller displays, such as those of Sweden and Holland. The grounds were
.)
That the Fair was a success from every standpoint can hardly remain in doubt after perusal of the quotations of the remarks made to Mr. Bellasis by those who participated in it, all but one ex- pressing their satisfaction. Direct trading associations, new to most of the concerns were established, and good and remunerative busi- ness was done. To cite a few ex- amples of particular concern to our readers, orders and useful in- quiries related to electrical goods, lorries, motor accessories, inter.. nal-combustion engines, paint, stonecrushing and concrete-mix- ing machinery steel windows, motor cycles, leather belting (of which the best class was sold in. competition with cheap Contin- entat and Japanese products),, pumps, refrigerators and general machinery. While those British concerns who seized the opport- unity proated by their enterprise, there were several industries eit- her scantily represented, mising altogether. .For in- stance, the Sheffield trades were hardly represented at all. Опе exhibit of table cutlery in the British Pavilion and another else- where were all there was of this. Small tools and other similar products, ΙΟΣ
от
which there must always be an important market in such a region, if shown at all were on & very small and inconspicuous scale. Foreign competitors, par- ticularly the Belgian and Czecho- slavakian producers were, how, ever not slow to seize the op- portunity to make effective dis- plays and secured good business. The same may be said of wood working machinery. The demand in this type of equipment, par- ticularly in small lathes, machine saws, and those types of plant re quired in the small factories, of the growing local furniture-mak- ing industry, is undoubtedly con- siderable, and worth attention. Bullders' Attings, another market of an expanding nature, were only shown on one small stand. while nails, screws, and all the - various types of stampings, need- ed in a rapidly-developing territ- ory, were not shown at all. Again, In these classes, foreign competi- tors were keen to take full ad- vantage of the circumstances, and benefit by the position in which they found themselves.
well laid-out,
excellent concrete
roads,' and footpaths of concrete ties affording easy access to all the buildings. These remarks will make it clear that those concern- ed with this endeavour, acted with a proper sense of responsi- bility with regard to their duties, everything being done to ensure
success permanence and
to the effect of the Levant Fair. The Exhibition stems undoubtedly to have justified the enterprise thus shown, and it has helped in est ablishing Falestine as an "enter- ot" for the Middle East, and Tet- Aviv as
a convenient trade ex- change for the Eastern Mediter- ranean.
The Fair was opened by the High Commissioner General Wau- chope, on April 26, and ran until June 6.
DREDGING THE EASTERN
·CANAL
וז'ין
«
Coal of th's description seems to offer possibilities for direct use
· In internal-combustion engine or turbine on the lines orig.nally suggested by Diesel, and is also of great interest for pulverised fuel firing. An amalgam, it will be remembered, is an intimate mixture of finely pulverised coal. or other sold carbonaceous mate- rial, with liquid hydrocarbons, 30 as to give a black, pasty,
semi-colld greasy. and
soft patty but something Ike more in the nature of a partly coherent agglomeration of very small balls or aggregates, often about in. in diameter.
One of the most important" felds to be considered, however, is carbonisation, since the re- sidual coke contains a higher percentage of ash in the ratio of about 10: 7 as compared with the original coal. This is very im- portant, because much coke is combustion, and more used for than about 7 per cent. to 18 per cent. ash in a solid begins to cause practical difficulties out of all proportion to * slightly
Thus higher ash content.
a good average washed coal with say from 8 per cent. to per cent, ash, which is more trouble- some than a coke of from 8 per cent, to 7 per cent, ash. Since a large proportion of the coke pre- pared in by-product ovens is now sold for domestic · consumption, the Importance of cleaning down the coal to about 2 per cent ash. giving a coke with 3 per cent.. will be obvious. Dr. Grunell's recent contribution further raises the dicerent, but even more im- portant question of removing the ash from coal almost entire- ly, down to say less than 0.5 per
Canton, Sept. 13,
Owing to the frequent flooding of the Northern districts of Canton City due to the silting up of the Eastern Canal, the Public Works- Department has sent surveyors to make a survey of this canal, and also to make (a) calculation re garding the capacity of the differ ent canals for relieving the city of Its flood waters and (b) estimates for the necessity alterations and construction work.
It is reported that the proposed widening and alterations will affect about two thousand feet of the canal, and that work will soon be commenced, the required funds being raised by an extra levy of 20 per cent, on house tax- Nam Wah Yat Fo
"
ر کیم
YANGTSZE BRIDGE
--
"Hankow Sept. 12.
Yesterday's meeting of the joint conference for the three sections-- Canton Shiuchow, Shiuchow Chy chow and Changsha-Hankow-of the Canton-Hankow Railway was entirely devoted to the examina- tion of proposals submitted by the delegates.
Trade Campaign
Doubtless, many possible par-`· ticipants in this valuable trade campaign dismissed the matter with the idea that, being new, the venture might be expected to be of make-shift character, housed In temporary accommodation of a almple nature. This was, how ever, far from being the case. Se- vera permanent buildings have been erected of concrete, and everything was done to make the show as attractive as possible to the traders, who visited it in very Large numbers. New concrete Toads connected the Pair with the
· city, tô facilitáte the transport of
General Chang Chun, Chairman of the Hupeh: Provincial Govern- went, entertained Mr. Hola Kwang Yu,
delegate of the Ministry of Railway, and Messrs. Yin Te Yang. Ling. Hung Hsun and Li Helen' Req. · respectively Managing Directors. for the northern, central and southem sections of the line, at dinner last night when the con- struction of an iron bridge across the Yangtze River was discussed It is understood that the Hupeh Provincial Government will submit a petition on the subject to the Central Authorities Kuo Min.
cent, by the "amalgam" process.
1].
m163,
COMMERCIAL MISSION TO MANCHUKUO
The Federation of British In- dustries. 21. Tothill-street, Lon- don, B.W.1, has decided to send an industrial mission in the im-
mediate future to Manchoukus, for the purpose of studying con- ditions in that country and of ascertaining, whether British in-- dustry can co-operate with local Interests in its development. The mission will also pay a short visit to Japan with the object of es- tablishing friendly contact with the representative organisations of Japanese industry and commerce! The mission will comprise Co- lonel Lord Barnby, past president of the Federation, Sir Charles Seligman, Mr. Guy Locock, direc-
tor of the Federation; and Mr. J... Piggott, representing the British Iron and "Steel Federation.
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FROM
IMPORTED
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