Page
POWER ON THE FARM
I is recorded la "Old Morta- Hty" that the introduction of the winnowing, machine was regard=" ed by the good people of Tille- tudiem as a direct thwarting of the good people of Tilletudiem· as A direct thwarting of the will of Providence. They, how- ever. in common with others who have from time to time objected to "new-fangled ideas." were unable to stem, the tide of progress. and, to-day. the only question that arises is how far mechanisation of the farm can be profitably, carried.. That finality has by no means been retched may be taken for grant- ed. Many
were required years before the first important step in mechanisation, the Introduction
HONG KONG ĐẠILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1934
REMOVING GREASE
We
of the steam engine, reached 'lis full development; and although the petrol or paraffin engine has
A colloidal substance, known as now been in use for a consider-
H.F.-Colosyl-XTL, and "intended able time, the "high-speed heavy-
for the cleaning of grease-caked electric motor. are still on the
workshop and garage floors, bas oll engine. and still more the... recently been introduced. threshold of their employmen in agriculture. That the deve- lopment of their application will be more rapid than was the case of the steam engine is reason- ably certain, since, for good or. ul, we are living in an age in highest degree of mechanical production is regarded as a sine qua non in every industry. The necessity for lowering production, costs is ever
Insistent in farming than in the majority of other Industries.
more
understand that the preparation S simply mixed in hot or bolling water, poured"over the dirty floor, and brushed about preferably with a wire brush: The substance, it is stated, emulsifies the grease and rapidly reduces it to a mud-jike sludge, which may be swilled away with clear water. leaving the floor clean. It is claimed to be" incxpensive to use.
The manufacturers are Messrs. Industrial Colloids.
For Constructural Work of Every
Description
Use Green island Cement
WHERE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE.. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT WORKS TAKEN FROM THE SEA.
issued by the
GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.
"SD FLOOR-
EXCHANGE BITILDING
ENGINEERING & BUILDING
DEPOSITS IN AUTOMOBILE
ENGINE WATER SYSTEMS
Cooling System Must Be Drained Monthly
"Observations of the conditions In commercial automobile enginea show that there are usually three types of deposits to be found in the system where hard water is circulated:
Arst type is The found on the jacket walls, and is a dense, durable deposit, which is crystalline and banded in cons centric layer. It is a product of high-temperature, accretion, 1s difficult to remove mechanically and chemically. and varies in colour from a dirty white to a deep brown: The second type is also found in the block, on all surfaces other than heat-con- ducting opes, and is a chalky solid, intermediate in character between the Arst and third types. The latter is the result of the sudden cooling of the water in the tubes or cells of the radiator, ". and approximates to a chalk slu- age. Where boiling water in the radiator is a frequent occurrence. the sludge will be deposited on the tube walls in coherent layers.. too hard for extrusion with a rod when the unit is being clean- ed. Whether the deposits are soft or hard their effects will be equally deleterious. »
The question of the formation of the deposits is a detailed one,' bat, in general, It can be said that they are due to a momentary dis- illation of the water by contact with the ho, walls of the jacket. The flow of the fluid through the system is turbulent, with con- siderable agitation at the hotter surfaces, owing to convection. which makes the contact between water and metal highly efficient. The salts that contribute mostly
AN ELECTRIC LIGHTING PLANT
THAT CAN BE
ONE HAND
CARRIED IN ONE
MOTOR LAUNCHES, and
IDEAL FOR MATSHEDS,
small up-country Bunga-
ows, etc., etc.
PYGMYLYTE
Uses only
gallon of petrol
and oil mixed per hour. Needs No Attention what- ever, weight complete 56 lbs.
As Supplied to the Houston-Everest Expedition
United
National Corporation, Ltd.,
National Commercial Bank Building,
HONG KONG
I
Phone 32602;
to these deposits are calcium car- bonate, calcium sulphate,
and
magnesium carbonate. Altoget- her there are usually" present about 12 dissolved salts in ana- tural water, of which a half con-
tribute to deposition, such hard
waters occurring. areas of the country that coincide with the cretaceous starte. The bulk of the insulation to heat flow is .contributed by the salelum car- bonate, which is frequently bond- ed into a denser coat by calcium sulphate, one salt being often, complementary to the other in a hard water
Corrosion
||
Corrosion accounts for most of. the depreciation experienced by owners of Beets of vehicles in hardwater areas. Aluminium t and bottom tanks suffer heavily from the effects of the corrosive salts which bore and pit them" with comparative ease. aided by
collaterul scarring action, of the rculating water. The salts res- ponsible for this depreciation are magnesium chloride,
calcium
nitrate and sodium nitrate, which Vary in quantity in a water from under grain per gallon to as much as 8 grains per gallon... Where the quantity exceeds 3 grains leakages in the radiator. particularly of the film type, and at gasketed joints of the "pipe connections must be expected. In the raditors of privates vehicles the damage is usually caused by the solution of the zinc in the many soldered joints, which are a characteristic of such units,
A Simple Alternative
In preventing deposition exec- dively, corrosion is also inhibited. which simplifies remedial mea- sures. It has been found that the softening of water for cooling by softening plant is uneconomical where the fleet of vehicles works from several depots. The sim- plest alternative is to treat the radiator water by "in sitü" met- hods, which is tantamount to soft- ening, except that the resultant products remain in the system for periodical draining-off. Trisod- Jum phosphate andɑ sodium alu-" minate have given satisfactory results, and where the water used is soft but corrosive, soda ash may be used. The cost of the ma- terials makes the treatment en-
tirely economical. The quantit-
PNEUMATIC TYRES
On Farm Implements
Apart from the possibility of obtaining power more cheaply. production costs on the farm, may be reduced by increasing the e- clency of the appliances in use. and one direction in which this can be done consists in reducing the draught of farm implements by fitting pneumatic tyres. Such tyres have no only been applied to farm carts and tractors, which are at least, in part, used on 'met- alled roads, but to such applian- ces as the grass mower and com- bine harvester. The first step in this direction was made by utilis- Ing old car wheels on farmı carts. but, in 1932, a demonstration was given on a Warwickshire farm of a wheel and tyre specially de- signed by Messrs. The Dunlop Rubber Company for the pur- pose. As a result of the "trials," an increase of from 50 per cent. to 100 per cent. in the pay load Zarried' was claimed for the new
heels. Further trials were" car- ried out in the same and the fol- lowing year by the Institute for Research in Agricultural Engin- eering. The tests were made on six different types of ground, and showed a percentage reduc- tion in draught, due to the Dun- lop wheels, varying from 13 "per cent. to 41 per cent.. with a per-. centage increase ir. pay load varying from 40 per cent. to 108 „per cent.
Compounded Rubber.
The tyre is compounded of rub- ber resistant to the corrosive 11- quids persent in he farm yard, but the report states that the trials were of insufficient dura- tion to give any indication of the probable life, although general evidence pointed to a reasonably long one. These results, although obtained on horse-drawn vehicles are to the tractor itself. In the latter case, however, the use of pneumatic tyres results in the machine. Having approximately the same drawbar pull on each gear, and since, the speed of hual- age over rough ground must ne- cessarily be kept low, the useful load pulled on-bottom gear will often be only half that which a similar tractor with steel 'wheels
MONOTONY IN INDUSTRY
Addressing the Birmingham and Midland branch of the Bri- tish Psychological Society or the subject of "Monotony in Industry," Dr. J. W, Langdon, in- vestigator to the Industrial Heath Research Board, said that 'bore- dom affected efficiency: "by re- ducing the rate of working and by increasing variability both in quantity and quality." Many psychological theories had been advanced to explain boredom. One of the most interesting sug- gested that boredom served a protective function by seting through the central
nervous.. inhibit the system to
rate of working and thus save the local organs from the danger of -in- jury through excessive exercise. The type of boredom éxplained by this theory, having much in common with fatigue, yielded readily to improvement in work- படது conditions, particularly to the provision of adequate rest pauses and
and
eficient ventilation illumination. Even when
this was
done there remained a more deeply rooted aversion to montonous conditions which, was characteristic of some in-
dividuals. usually those of more than average intelligence. Such cases presented individual pro- blems which emphasised the need for vocational guidance.
could pull. The great advantage of the pneumatic-týred tractor is that it can be run from the field' on to the road without any delay, i but in addition. It wt exert a greater drawbar pull than a cor- responding tractor fitted with steel wheels, so long as the land is suitable. Dificulties due to wheel slip become greatest on.. lush grass, or grass wet with-rain or dew, and it is therefore sug- gested in the report that preu- matic tyres are unsuitable for field implements in which the mechanism is driven from the land wheels. Certain implements such as the combine harvester, ace, however, driven separately or from the power take-off of the tractor, and in such cases the pneumatic tyre serves to reduce the draught, and to allow the machine to work at a higher sped.
METAL WINDOWS
MANUFACTUREB:
MADE IN HONGKONG
FROM
IMPORTED
BRITISH
MATERIAL
95% BRITISH.
les required for a water of 20 des THE TAI YING STEEL WINDOW MFG. CO.
of hardness are, approximately:, trisodium phosphate, 10 oz. per 100 gallons of water; sodium 'al- uminate, 8oz. per 100 gallons: and soda-ash (calculated on a calcium-sulphate basis), 4 oz. per 100 gallons. These quantities make due allowances for impurit ies in the commerial product, and will result in an excess of disso- clative caustic soda being always present in the system to inhibit corrosion, The mode of treat- ment will be governed largely by local conditions, but the two sim- plest ways of avoiding waste of chemicals is to make the soda bases up into a concentrated so- lution for administration in a li- quid form, or the materials can be bolled with a binding agent like quebracho or agar-pgår or gelatine and the viscous solution extruded from a length or pip- ing into briquettes of the requisite weight for a single weekly dose. The phosphate and aluminate cap be used in a mixture, with soda ash as a diluent. but the lalter must not be used in a greater proportion than about 20 per cent. where the hardness of the water to be treated is due principally to calcium carbonate. The cooling system must be drain off not less often than once a month and flushed out with water, and to hyold the dan- gers arising from a negligent ap- plication of the bases, it is a wise plan to circularise those per- 'sonally responsible with a simple statement of the objects of the treatment, for the success of the method depends on the rigid ob servance of the routine laid downi by the engineer-in-charge.
TELEPHONE: 97482.
SHIPBUILDERS, SHIP REPAIRERS,
BOILER MAKERS,
FORGE MASTERS,
Orc: 89/85, CHUN YONG STREET. FACTOR-NORTH-POINT, HONG KONG,
OXY-ACETYLENE AND » ELECTRIC WELDERS, MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS.
-DRY DOCK-
OF HONG KONG, LIMITED.
THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY`
SALVAGE TUG "TAIKOO"
BUTTERFIELD &
HONG
Length 783, Feet. Length on: Blocks 750 Feet.
Depth on Centre of
SBI (H.W.O.ST.) 34 ft. 8 ins:
-THREE SLIPWAYS.
Capable of Handling Ships Up
to 4,013 Tons Displacement Electric Crane at Set Wall, Dapable of Lifting 100 Tons it 70 Feet Badlis.
SWIRE, Agents, KONG, CHINA & JAPAN,
TEL. ADDER: "TAILOODOOK, Hora Kona. TELEPHONE: 80211.
Call Flack. “NUMERAL ONE” OVER "AN, PENNANT'