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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1933.
ENGINEERING AND BUILDING
BUILDING CEMENTS
Professor Redmond's Paper on the Portland” Triumph
HOW REINFORCED CONCRETETM DEVELOPED
MANY FLOURISHING ENTERPRISES
INDUSTRY IN HANGCHOW
COAL MINING PLANS IN FUKIEN
HUGE ANTHRACITE
DEPOSITS
LABORATORY FOR LIQUEFYING COAL
S.M.R. Experiments At Dairen
Several schemes are under con NEW ENTERPRISE OF THE
sideration for developing the ex-
tensive mineral resources of Fu- tien. The six districts of Yung chun and Aoki in the south,
COMPANY
Hangchow is not only the ad-Rienow and Shaowu in the north, On the morning of Dec. 29, the ministrative capital but the indus and Lungyen and Changting in the completion of the new Laboratory trial centre of Chekiang Province west, are known to contain rich for Coal Liquefaction was cele Economic conditions in the city deposits of iron and coal, and a brated at the Central Laboratory have been recently surveyed by the geological survey was recently
atanda formost among many new
enterprises of the Contral Cabera. and a liberal appropriation has been eet apart therefore in the tory in the next fiscal year, 1933,
form of a supplementary estimate. The new Labaratory has been erected on the Central Laboratory promises.
National Reconstruction Commis-made in this region by Mr. Chen of the 8.M.R. Co., Dairen, sion, whose report shows that there Husi Chow and Mr. Chen Shu The subject of coal liquefaction Professor F. A. Redmond dalier than Portland. But there is no are approximately 5,503 factories
Yuen, vered a most interesting address on comparison now.
or industrial establishments in the aggregate capital Thursday at the Institution of
While prospecting for tin at On account of its cheapness and city, with an Engineers and Ship-buildings, of
and doing annually Tienhushan mountains a promising Hong Kong on Building Comentaength natural cement was able, of 810,681,566, employing 87,827 Yungchun they discovered in the
especially in the U.S.A., to hold its workers
coal deposit which covers an area Ancient and Modern. The first own against Portland until the be $08:700,073 worth of business. part of the lecture a review of ginning of the present century.
Among many manufacturing aco more than 100 square li estimat cements and lack of cements in Since then however it has lost tivities the textile industry is the d to contain 1,800,000,000 tons of A report. the ancient world appeared in our ground rapidly. The reason for most outstanding with 347e estab high-grade anthracite. issue of yesterday, and the more this is not so much the superior Fishments, $5,651,610 capital, 98,000 of this discovery was made to the technical desumption.
strength of Portland cement as its workers, and 880,088,315 in anual Provincial Department of Recon-
Fushun Coal is to be treated ax- Natural ce production, equal to 90 per cent of struction, and a mining company Following his historie review the greater reliability. lecturer said:
ments vary far too much in quali- the value of Hangchow's aggro- for exploiting these resources is perimentally under high tempera- The now under promotion. It is ex- tare and pressure and hydrogen is We have now arrived at what is by ty. Limestones in one locality are gate industrial production. far the most important group of entirely different from those in an-silk-weaving industry alone has pected that oversea Chinese will to be applied. Then, by means of 3,437 establishments, $4,186,850 finance this enterprise with a capi-a special catalyser, petroleum is building cements namely the mo- other:
workers, and tal of two million dollars.
obtained. The high pressure room. dern hydraulic cements. These are The process of making natural capital, 21,041
constitutas the most important por- tion of the new Laboratory. Here produced by the calcination of cement was apparently discovered 883,068,636 in annual production.
The manufacture of jos paper natural or artificial mixtures of by a Mr. Parker of London who
The Tienhushan Mountains are to the Fael Division of the limestone and clay containing (a) in 1798 took out a patent for the is quite a big business in Hang- eording to Le Chatelier) "at least manufacture of "Roman" cement chow, with 1,279 factories employ situated between 180 10" longitude same Laboratory having carried on "soptari ing 41.431 workers, which repre- and 25 1/20 latitude, and an- various liquefying experiments, all 21 per cent and at most 27 per by the calcination of cent. of clay," but as we shall see nodules" in the London Clay form sente nearly 80 per cent of the in- thracite deposit consists of sight these experiments are to be shifted veins approximately 27 to the new Laboratory in the New in a moment he placed the upper ation. He called it "Roman" ce-dustrial workers in the city. The or more limit rather low. The characteris ment because of its resemblance to reason for the steady expansion of feet thick. They are all high-grade Year, to be developed into more tics of a true cement are (1) that, imported Italian pozzolana mortar. this industry is possibly due to a coal, especially the fourth and elaborate tests. unlike pozzolanic motar, it is not The manufacture spread to other large extent to the large number sixth veins from which 90 per cent, a mechanical mixture but a true parte of England, then to France of visitore to the many temples of pure coal is obtainable. It is estimated that if 70 per cent of the chemical compound and (2) that (1802) and to the UB.A. in 1818. around the West Lake."
deposit can be worked the total unlike hydraulic lime, it does not In this last country the natural
quantity of cal obtainable will be slake and must be ground int cement industry developed enor
1,200,000,000 tons. powder in a mill. Hydraulic ce mously-assisted by the fact that ments fall into two classes natural it was not infil as late as 1675 and artificial (or Portland) ce-l that the first factory for making ments. Natural cement is produc| Portland cement was established ed by the simple process of burning in America. ina kiln certain kinds of argilla ceous limestone containing from 15 to 40 per cent. of clay. The limestone is not pulverised before burning and the temperature of calcination is comparatively low, about 700 to 1100°C-too low to produce clinker. The cement is finally ground and packed for use.
Natural Cement,
Portland Cement,
Portland "cement" (to quete Eckel) is an artificial chemical product of fairly. definite composi- tion containing approximately
to
Lime 60 to 65 per cent. Silica 20 to 25 per cent. Iron Oxide and Alumins
12 per cent." "It shall be manufactured" The strength of natural cement is, ou an average, far lower than says the British Standard Specifi- of ordinary Portland. In cation, "by intimately mixing to hooks written 30 or 40 years ago it gether calcareous and argillaceous is not unusual to find it stated or other silica and alumina bear- that the best brands of natural ceing materials, burning them at a ment are as strong as if not strong clinkering temperature and grind
ing the resultant clinker.",
that
specify
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ستند؟
There is another promiling coal- field west of the Tienbushan Moun]·· tains, also consisting of high-grade anthracite, but no investigation has been made as to its extent.
Can
Supt. Kurihara of the Central Laboratory is looked up to as air authority on the subject in Japan. Under his supervision, Messrs, Abe and Tanabe of the Laboratory will engage in the now experi- ments.
ELECTRIC ERASING.
MACHINE
USEFUL APPLIANCE FOR DRAWING OFFICE
HIGHEST SINCE 1018
Tientsin, Jan. 23.The total re- ceipts of the Shantung Railway The problem of transport from during last year were 315,340,000, this mountainous area has also showing a profit of $450,000; the been studied. Connection between first highest record since 1918. Yungchun and Anki, and between Business is extremely brisk, es- the Tiennushan Mountains and. Hu- pecially as there are now no retou, in each case a distance of 20 strictions placed on the sale and, may be easily effected by light purchase of Japanese goods railroads. From Hutou coal
with transported by water | throughout the province, nor are be
A Handy appliance which should shorter save considerable time in the draw.. there any movements of an anti- cheaper freight and in
time than by the overland route ing oflee when alternations or Japanese nature,
Merchants in Shanghai and other from Yungchun to Chuandhow via corrections have to be made to es drawings. or tracings, is a small cities have established branches in Naman and Hunglai. It is Shantung and are dealing in Japan- timated that the cost of construct universal motor, which can be ing railrands, together with rol-operated on either direct-current esć goods.
ling-stock and a 5-ton locomotive, or alternating-currant from "25- would cost approximately $200,000, cycles to 60 cycles, mounted in ̈a. The cost of a river steamer with moulded Bakelite casing and pro- a fleet of lighters capable of car:vided with a handle in which a rying five tons, is estimated also switch for stopping and starting. nt $200,000.
LIGHT RAILWAY IN ANHWEI
LINKING, WUHU AND CHAPOO
Nanking, Feb 7. Construction
Oversea Chinese -Interest.
A group of prominent oversea Chinese merchants, including Messrs. Chen Ching Chi and Wu
the motor, and giving two speeds, is fitted in a convenient position. the armature spindle of the motor is provided with a collect chuck in which is fitted a small piece of special erasing rubber, about 1 in. in length, and about the same dia-
The improvements in the quality of Portland cement, especially in regard to its reliability, during the last decade of the 19th century, undoubtedly prepared the way for the triumph of a new form of con- struction which in turn was to evert a profound influence on the of a light railway linking Wuhu future of the cement industry.. We in Ashwoi and Chapoo in Che Cheng Yien, are promoting a min refer to reinforced concrete, Dur- kiang is scheduled to begin on the ing corporation with two million meter as a lead paucil. By apply- ing the decade in question, rein-th. The necesary surveys were dollars capital, payable in four ing this to the paper or tracing This corpora cloth when the metor is running,. construction, in completed last month. Traversing equal instalments spite of much shaking of heads, distance of approximately 100 tion is well on the way to being a line can be neatly and cleanly miles, the line is expected to be established, after which the scheme erased without removing adjacent made very considerable progress. It was not however until 1906, ready for traffic within a year for developing the Fukien's rich lines or injuring the paper or The project is sponsored by coal deposits will soon materialize. cloth. The erasure, moreover, is when the great disaster at San
effected with remarkable rapidity. Francisco drew the attention of Messrs. Chang, Ching Kinng and
Coal-Mine to be Opened in The power consumption of the Shih Teong, veteran Party engineers all over the world to theaders. The life is to be of par- Kiangsi. It is reported that a tor is only 25 watts, so that it can
merita of this new form of can- struction, that reinforced concrete row gauge and will be built at a newly-discovered coal-bed at Ping-s connected to any convenient. really got on its feet. The ex- cost of 83 millions by private in- siang, Kiangsi province, is to be lamp-holder, and the complete ma- chine weighs only 14 oz., so that it traordinary popularity it has since terests. The approval of the Min- achieved is responsible in no small istry of Railway has been given, developed by the Ministry of In-1 is easily controlled and can be as measure for the phenomenal in The line is expected to prove of dustry, in oc-operation with the ed for long periods, if necessary crease of cement production the great importance in the develop German Kandorfer interests. It without fatigue. It is made by Messrs. B. J. Hall and Company, ment of Chapoo, the proposed site of Dr. Sun's Great Eastern Har is understood this coal is to be Stourton
House Dacre-street, bour on the Chekiang const,
Westminster, B.W.1.- Engineering used by the State steelworks.
world over.
Demands of Engineers, The influence of reinforced con erete, as a highly successful farm of structural material, has made itself felt in another direction as well, namely in the quality of Portland cement. The importunate demands of the reinforced concrete. engineer for helter and still better cement and especially for cement which strengthena rapidly have put the manufacturers on their mettle. The result is that the quality of Portland cement has, during the inst 25 years, improved beyond all recognition.
The last group of comments whose properties we shall consider is the ultra-modern “ rapid-hardening group: A rapid-hardening sement is one which sets more or less normally but hardens (and in con- sequence gains strength) far more rapidly than an ordinary Portland: does. Thus the strength of & R.H. Portland at 24 hours may exceed that of an ordinary Portland which has had a week or more to harden.
There are two distinct varities of
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by an experienced
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
at our Hong Kong Branch
he General Electric Co. (of China), Ltd.
(2) aluminous or high alumina co- ment. RH Portland is nothing more than a Portland cement of the highest quality in Germany is known simply "as “high-grade' Portland Ita power of hardening rapidly is dus essentially to {1)-its) higher lime content (2) its fineness, or in other words to improvementa -and-refnements in the process-of- manufacture. The advantages of fneness are briefly (1) it increases the 'epreading power and there- makes a stronger mortar (€) Tekawa The Action of hardening,
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Description
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WHERE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT 18 MADE.
VIEW OF THE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT
TAKEN FROM THE SEA.
Issued
GENERAL
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2ND FLOOR EXCHANGE BUILDING