THE HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. MONDAY, MARCH 28th, 1927.
RUSSIA APPEAL TO THE WORLD'S
AMERICAN RE-INFORCEMENTS.
SIX THOUSAND MEN UNDER" COMMAND
OF ADMIRAL WILLIAMS.`
CHINA NOW THE ONE TOPIC OF CONVERSATION
IN THE STATES.
CHINESE NAVAL ACTION 'AT WOOSUNG '
BRITISH STEAMERS FIRED AT "ON YANGTSZE,
KIANGWO" SEIZED BY NATIONALISTS "AND RELEASED BY H.M.S. "WILD SWAN.”
The China erisia. is now occupying the chief space in all the newspapers of the world. On the one side Moscow has appealed to the workers organisations to demand the recall of foreign troops.. On the other the American public has beck Bred with intense indignation by the horrors at Nanking. Large re-inforcements are heing sent to Admiral Williams of the U.S.A. Navy and the people are welcoming gladly the policy of Anglo-American co-operation.
A Northern and a Southern cruiser exchanged shots at Woosang yesterday but it is not known whether the engagement had any decisive ending.
Reports from the Yangtaze show that British stearners are being continually fired upon The Kianguo was seized by the National-" ists for the conveyance of troops but the HM.S. Wild Swan went" alongside, disarmed the soldiers and freed the vessel. Three senior Chinese officers were detained.
· MOSCOW'S CALL.
INTERVENTION FEARED.
RECALL OF TROOPS DEMANDED.
Moscow, March 27th. The Communist International has issued an appeal calling on the the Workers Organisations of World"to wage a struggle against
the new war that has begun in China; to demand the, immediate recall of the foreign troops and to prevent the dispatch of new foreca to China.
LONDON COMMENT.
PUNISHMENT FOR THOSE
RESPONSIBLE. --
FULLEST GUARANTEES
REQUIRED.
LONDON, March 27th, The Olarter, after referring to the happenings of the past few daya
China, says that sight must not be lost of two things which are ultimately separate and hostile,
CHINESE NAVAL ACTION.
CRUISER ENGAGEMENT AT WOOSUNG.
H.M.S.ARGUS" INTERESTED SPECTATOR. ·
SHANGHAI, March 27th. H.M.S. Argus, lying at Woosung, had an excellent view of the unique
WORKERS
THE NANKINGS.
OUTRAGE.
FRESH DETAILS TO HAND.
ANGLO-AMERICAN CO-OPERATION.
(DRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE]
REODY, March 26th. Latest information from Nanking confirms that as a result of the
GENERAL CHIANG KAI SHEK CHINESE REPORTS.
WARNS AMERICA.
ITBROEGU AKUTEK'S AGENCY.]
SHANGHAI, March 27th. General Chiang Kai Shek au land' at Nanking out only made a brier visit, as he considered the situation .unimportanŹ..
through General Pai Ching Shi, in a statement to correspondents
Leceral Chiang asserted that the Nanking affair wüs finished and that ail the roreigners were out. It was merely an isolated incident. He
declared that the Americans were being drawn in by the British, and he wurmed America that she should not let Britain lead her into a false
TALK OF PEACE
MR. EUGENE CHEN'S PLANS
..!!
[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE]·
SHANOBAI, March 97th.
Martial law is being declared to
7
ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES OF MANCHURIA.
QENSORSHIP AFFECTING
CURRENCY.
COUNTRY FLOODED WITH WORTHLESS MONEY.
The fall of Shanghai has, of
day in the British and French Concourse attered the situation through- without a permit is liable to be shortly before that event is ol cessions and any passer-by found out China but the following account of the condition of Manchuria
arrested.
jaterest: Apparently there is a fab The talk of peace between the hended censor installed at the tele North and South is in the air in Peking. Mr. Wang Chung Hui is reported to have gone to Shanghai for the purpose of negotiating with
the Southernara.
The Municipal Government of the
because many of the reports carried graph and post offices at Tientsin by the Shanghai press and cabled to Tientsin and Peking are either siapidly mutilated or withheld at together from the Tientsin papers out with a good deal of uncensored despatches.
spectacle offered by this morning's threat of drastic action made by the position, otherwise she would End Shanghai Native City has tendered although the Peking papers came
British and American Admirals to
&
An
perself unfavourably placed in to the Municipal Council in the In Ubina as Britain. China was alternational Settlement three de Chiacsa Naval action as it was used na sercen by one of the partici-the Cantonese Commander, the for-ways ready to evoke her powerful mands, camely:
economic weapon, 41 foreign (1) To restore all communications pants the Northern cruiser Haichi eigners who were marooned have
Powers could not bring enough war-immediately. which arrived early in the morning been rescued; hundred and fifty ships to China to suppress the (2) To allow strikers to return to from Tsingtao and at daylight pro- Americans were reported to be still aspiratics of the Chinese people.work. ceeded to shell the cruiser Haichou unaccounted for, but official advices belonging to the Yangtze squadron state that these are all now safe
to the except one who was killed. which recently went ovor
other one was wounded. South.
Connected narratives of events at Steaming up and down past the Argue the Haich broadsided each time she emerged from the shelter of the British vessel. As far as was observable from the latter the Haichon, which was lying at anchor, was hit three times.
7
The Haichi then steamed off sea- ward followed by the Halcon which up anchored and gave chase after it had been joined by the Nationalist cruiser. Fingui from the Whangpu.
The three ships disappeared out to sen in a cloud of smoke and have not since been heard of.
BRITISH RESTRAINT
AT SHANGHAI.
NO REPLY TO SNIPERS.
COLDSTREAMS ACTING IN CO-OPERATION WITH POLICE.
SHANGHAI, March 27th.- The great restraint, displayed by the British troops is revealed by the fact that the official reports show that only do rounds were fired,
He stated that there was no inten. (3) No striker to be dismissed. tion to use force in the salution of Marshal Chiang Kai Shek arrived the problem of the status of the at Shanghai from Nanking vester International Settlement of Shang-day. When interviewed, he said hai. This must be settled at the that all military affairs in Shanghai proper time and place and by diplo would be entrusted to General Pai mate means. He emphasised that Ching Shi. He would himself re there was no danger to foreign lives main in Shanghai, however, for aad property from the Nationalist some time. He said that foreign Artay in Shanghai. Ho. averred reports on the Nanking "accident that this was proved by the fact were exaggerated. that bis troops here in Ave days had restored order and disarmed lawless elements.
This censorship business has been a source of much agony to Russian editors in Harbin. Not a week passes but some editor or other would be sent for by the police and fined a stiff figure for alleged violation of the public peace. Some have even been gaoled for comment. ing upon the activities of authorities.
authorities of even pre-arranged
"
Nanking are now available, The correspondent of the Daily Tele, graph says that by plan all foreigners should have con- centrated in the International Ex- port Building on the Bund, outside the walls where they could have been removed to ships without much difficulty but in the general confu- It is understood that General sion which followed the arrival of Chiang intends to remalo a fort the Cantonese, only a portion sue-night investigating the question of ceded in reaching the building. The the relations between the Powers remainder made for Socony Hill and the Nationalists, and directing the consolidation of his power in this inside the walls of the town on ris ing ground visible to warship in region. He created a mild sens the stream.
tion after his arrival by motoring in the French Concession accom- panied by armed guards. He en- tered a street near the border and drove & few blocks, but returned to Chinese territory. He explained that the chauffeur mistook his diree- tion.
J
..
Cantonese Gunmen. The moment of the departure of Northern troops saw the Cantonese gunmen, long concealed in town come forth to loot and attack for- eigners. It is evident that Mr. Giles, the British Consul-General,
was wounded in this first rush on the Consulate, which was protected by six marines from the warship Emerald. Shortly after the attack by the gunmen the regular Can- tonese army set fire to the city and got completely out of hand, run- ning wild and looting all the shops and the British, American Japanese Consulates.
Bud
At four o'clock on Thursday afternoon the position became very serious for from the warship a huge mob, mingled with regular soldiers, was peen advancing against the re- fugees on Socony Hill. A hasty consultation between the captain
The Grat in the authentic move- ment broadly called Nationalism. It is not the foreigners' business or bardment of Nanking means in interest to attempt to halt it and resulting in 43 casualties, through of the Emerald: and the American
The Inventia declares the bon-
tervention in the interual struggle
otherwise than as active assistance to the Northerners with a view to giving them the possibility "of forcing their way through the encircling national troops.".
it cannot be grudged fundamental
The other unmistakeable clament !!
out the worst time on the Northern destroyers led to an instant decision border of the International Settle-to protect the refugees by a heavy
since.
Later, the Senior Couaul (Nor- wegian) the Soviet Consul and high Freach and International police oficiais called on him..
1ST DEVONS AND H.M.S.
ARGUS."
[THROUGH. REUTER'S AGENCY.]
SHANGHAI, March 27th. The Devonshires from Hong Kong have arrived and alsa H.ALS. Argus.
JAPAN'S ATTITUDE
TOWARDS CHINA.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
TOKYO, March 27th.
!
in China and cannot be considered sympathy by every foreigner who ment-namely March 21st when barrage of shrapnel.
wishes to see China cured one day 2.000 Chinese troops tried to break This policy alone saved the Lives The Foreign Office, in a statement of chronic civil war and freed from
through.
of nearly 100 men and some women, on the China situation states that Not a single shot has been fred for the shrapnel cut off the Can-eight destroyers are being despatch the Satraps.
tonese who had never met shell fire ed to Shanghai and several to Tsing- before. Taking advantage of the tao. barrage, the refugees made their to the only gate giving access to the through tortuous widing streets bund. Here they encountered a covered their retirement to the ships party of marines just landed, who without, so far as one could see, a Engle casualty.
AMERICA'S REPLY.
RE-INFORCEMENTS FOR ADMIRAL WILLIAMS.
WASHINGTON, March 27th The re-inforcements ordered to China will make -6,000 under Ad- mical Williams' command of whom 4,600 vill, be available for shore duty.
PUBLIC INDICNATION. The American masses who were
indiferent to the financial loss of the powerful commercial interests in China have been bred to intense indignation at the horrors com- mitted at Nanking-the outrages
institutions.
China is now "the pre-eminent
in the Chinese problem is the en- trance of parasitic Bolshevism into the Nationalist movement. The business of Bolshevism in China is world revolution. The paper shows this cannot succeed but says it can work appalling mischief in Chinn before it fails,
Referring to Anglo-American_col- laboration the Observer believes that this will now broaden locally and ipavitably.
The Sunday Times says it will be nesaary for our Government to demand the punishment of those responsible for allowing the army to get out of hand. at Nanking, It hopes that the United States and
test.
The Coldstream posts in the out lying districts have been continually fired upon by invisible snipers but the latter are row being gradually, "mopped up" by the Coldstreams the police in raids during which only who are acting in co-operation with truncheons are employed,
-
HOW THE JAPANESE-
FARED AT NANKING,
-CONSULATE ATTACKED AND
LOOTED.
THOUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
SHANGHAI, March 27th
way
From this manent all communic tion was cut off from the British and Japanese Consulates. Various reports and runours stated that the Consul was, killed together with Captain Spear and his escort and that the Japanese Coasul had also been murdered. This, fortunately, later turned out to be incorrect but Dr. Williams resident of Nan-
Flood,
The
Et
authorities. Украдене negotiate with General Chiang Kai Shanghai have been instructed to
Stek and demand a guarantee for the safety of Japanese life and pro- perty also compensation for Japan- ese cases at Nanking. lieved that the negotiations will be carried out in conjunction with the British and the Americans.
4
It is be-
1,500 MORE AMERICAN MARINES FOR CHINA.
THROUGH AMERICAN SERVICE.]
WASHINGTON, March 27th. 1,500 additional Marines have
15
been ordered to proceed to Chinn This announcement followed early morning conference of Mr. Wilbur, Secretary of the Navy, with aval and military corps advisers, at which the question was consider ed of reinforcing the forces in
China.
"THE GENERAL LABOUR UNION'S LATEST
**** Sharonat, March 27th. Mr. Eugene Chen inter.ded first to deal with finaceial affairs in Shanghai but in fiew of the acci dent at Nanking, he devote his attention first to that question.
will
ROW
tho
Effect on the Tongpião. The knowledge of the Manchurian the most elementary principles of economics is virtually ni" and this business of censoring without method the contents of the press is a factor con- nested with the depreciation of fengpiso,
In Mukden for example, this cur- rency has zigzagged up and down the exchange thart like a. China
to
Ching Cham, the commander of coast typhoon, out of all proportion the Kuomintang Gth Army Corps of silver. The way the fengpizo the appreciation or depreciation has assured the Foreign Consula at would appreciate in value as the Nanking that he will whole-hearted-
|
ly protect the property and life of mere announcement of Chang Teo all foreign nationals living in Nan- return to Mukden is really very Lin's or Tang Tu Ting's impending king. He expects that the Nanking amusing and at the same time affair, will soon be settled locally.
GERMAN JOURNAL'S
INACCURACY.
MANY GERMANS SIGN THE NON-BRITISH TELEGRAM. -
(THROCON HETTER'S AGENCY.)
SHANGHAI, March 7th. With regard to the Persische Zeitung's reference to the Far East, many Germans have signed the tele. gram, which does not mention barbarians" bat, ends with the statement that Britain bad again given the lead to the whole civilised
world.
The French Concession,
A petition is being widely signed by British, son-British as well as French residents in the French Con cession that the defence of that Concession be-plazed in the hands of General Duncan,
At present the defence is under the Municipality. The general de- sire of residents is for single con- trol either by General Duncan of at least a French military officer, There is a large amount of British property and hundreds of British
and American residents in the
French Concession.
THE S.S. PAUL LECAT."
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
SHANGHAI, March 27th The Messageries Maritimes 3.8. Paul Lecat, which recently went ashore fourteen miles from Woo sung, has been refloated and left
to-day-
for France
PASSENGERS.
ARRIVALS.
pathetic. On the other hand, the announcement, of some CantonESO advance or other would send it. down at headlong speed.
In this connection, it is an old joke that behind the taiyuan are silver reserves and back of the fengiao is the executioners knife!.
A Japanese Copper Corner. Japanese speculators have in the past few days collared a large quantity of copper coins for export and one result is that the fangpias now fetches but 60 copper centa. to the "official value of a feagpias: the dollar or thereabouts, whereas dollar is 100 copper cents With the continued depreciation of the fengpiao, the number of copper. cents available to the fengpiso dollar will gradually become less and less.
One must not solely blame the Japanese speculators, however, or for that matter, Chinese of the same species for the rent fault li with the authorities. In addition to the spreading of wild rumours na a result of the silly censorship, the ailitarists have flooded the market with these worthless notes over and on hand. Moreover, the Mint has above the actual amount of copper
not worked normally.
White Russians predict that one of these fine days the fengping will share the, fate of the family of roubles.
Speculation as to Britain's Polley,
It is interesting to note that with the publication of the British Note to Moscow, the fengpiae jumped few points. This very aptly illus trates the anxiety of the Man-
churians
17,
topic, ousting the murder and lov troops. Indeed, it continues, in. only, ended upon the arrival of British and about 100 Americans, requested the Kuomintang authority Watson, Mr. and Mrs. A. Weil, the climination of Wu Pei Fu and
even
papers.
Mrs.
over the activities of the Red Comrades. Any sign of a great Power falling out with Mos cow is discussed with great vigour and unbounded enthusiasm. It was A Japanese from Nanking de-ing had been murdered in cold
Per a.s. President Madison, from expected and still is that the Bri- scribes the outrage at the Con On Thursday after the ships had
Manila, on March 27th, for Hong tish and the Reds would come to sulate, where D umber of bis put up an effective barrage, General
Kong: Mr. Pedro Arziumzianz, Mir blows, and the argument is ad- nationals had gathered before the Pei Chen Wei, the local Command
S. C. Alexander, Mr. and Mrs. E. vanced that the British forces, mill- on Thursday ant of the Cantonese sent off to the
Barcelon, Master J. Barcelon. Rev. tary and naval, sent out to China evacuation. Early morning 150 uniformed Southerners Emerald an emissary demanding
Bro. Basilinn, Mr. H. L. Bixby, Mr. are really intended for the "capture besieged the Consulate and proceed the cessation of the bombardment.
M. Bourne, Mrs, Mary E. Caldwell, of Vladivostok The White the other Powers will join our pred to loot, meanwhile firing at the The Senior Officers of British and
Mrs. V. M. Church. fr. Louis Dell Russians are, of course, in jubila refugees 1
and manhandling the American vessels replied that he
Ro, Mr. Vicente Ferrero, Mies Luz tion over the determination of His womenfolk. They assaulted the must himself come off and discuss It declares that Mr. Eugene Consul who was ill in bed, bayonet the situation not later than ten
Garcia, Mr. M. O Hudson, Miss Majesty's Government to call the Juleta Jausus. Mr. Jitsuma Kaza Reds down from their perch. ted two oficials, and even attempt-o'clock. He failed to turn ap.
· REQUEST.
haya, Mrs. H. S. Kerrick, Mr. 5.
Final Duel of Warlords. to women, the shooting of foreig-Chen's political demands are in-
A Dicult Position
Kitagawa, Mr. B. P. Lilienthal, Mrs. nere and the burning of American supportable unless the fullest guar-ed to set are the building. The
[CHINESE PRESS SERVICE.] Alice McCready, Mr. A. Martinez, The Japazese declare that for antees can be given for the discip. looting was very complete as they
The Naval Commanders were in took anything on which they could
SHANGHAI, March 27th. Mrs. Alice May Miller, Mr. P. Mont some years now there has been a line and loyalty of the Southern lay their hands. The outrage was majority of foreigners were safe, 10 a difficult position, for although the
The General Labour Union has eagle, Mr. E. Munoz, Mr. G. E. process of elimination among the Chinese militarists and now, with sistence on the highest standards of Kuomintang official who had been reported to be missionaries and to take over the Foreign Conces- Mr. SP. Williamson."
European passengers per .. Sun Chuan Fang, there remain but drame from the front pages of
feur War Lords of any consequence, discipline is the essential part of rung up and had been asked for
assistance. A further message from their families, remained somewhere sions in Shanghai. If a favourable
reply is not forthcoming within Haruna Maru on March 28th, from the most sensational sew the compliment aur Government is the same source says that another in the city, and their fate was un-
Moreover, there were the three days the Union threaten a Yokohama vid Ports. Mr. G., Chang Tso Lin, Chang Tsung known. paying China in so heartily second- American was killed at. Nanking British Consul, who was known to
general strike.
Cuvillier, Mr. F. V. Dori, Mrs. A. Chang, Chiang Kai Shel and Feng University
which probably refers to be wounded, and the Japanese Con
3. Farrell, Mr. F. H. FitzGerald, Yu Hsiang. I wase of a final ...All the papers are giving pro ing its demands for the complete Miss Moffat, who was wounded sul, whose fate was uncertain, and lives of remaining Americans and Jorge, J. 6. Mackie, Mr. R. War- latter two, China would witness mo FitzGerald, Miss. E. M. victory of the former two over the minence 'to the messages from independence and for the removal The Nationalist Army now using the
British subjects would be lost. He brick, Mr. T. G. Well, Mr. C. C.ment, whereas should the two-
advent a Dictatorship Gove landa sufficient force from the London referring to the intimate of all badges of interior political Nanking University as their head their escort. It was impossible to
recommended the shelling of mili quarters. A Catholic Church was
Wing, Mr. S. Annonsen, Mr. S. Anglo-American co-operation and status
looted and burned down.
ships to storm a walled city, and it tary points. Such action was ap-
Anderson, Mr. C. H. Gaie, Mr. F. win out, Moscow would have the notably to the speech by Mr. Win-
Five Japanese warships are going was likewise impossible to bothbard proved jointly by the British and
S. Hyen, Mrs. J. H. Brownbill, satisfaction of witnessing a duplica to Nanking from Shanghai, and Therefore, after
military positions in darkness. American, Commanders-in-Chief at
Miss P. Brownhill, Miss B. Brown- tion of Soviet methods in China. ston Churchill last night alluding
o'clock an Shanghai and final warning to this bill, Mr. J. W. Barber, Miss L.
This may be rather a "pessimistic Tsingtao and Port Arthur. One ultimatum was sent to General Pei effect was sent to the Cantonese Charlotte. Mr. H. J. Christiansen, view, but the merchants are worry- to the Coldstream Guards standing
Japanese was killed by a stray Chen Wei ordering him to deliver Commander... bullet. shoulder to shoulder with the Ame-
all remaining foreigners on the At six o'clock on Friday even- Mrs. I. Christiansen, Miss E. Chris ng as to what the future may bring. For this reason, they are Bund before, ten o'clock the following, it was announced that Mr. sinnsen, Master 8 Christiansen, holding on to their cash in so Lar- rican marines.
ing morning, otherwise the comman- Giles, slightly wounded, Captain Master Clarke, Mr. E. AD. Dah as their obligations permit, and ders threatened to take inost drastic Spear and the whole Consular lin. Mrs. N. Daglin, Miss A. G. signa are not wanting that more e measures. During most of these Party, including the marines, alec Dahlin, Mrs. L. S. Edgar, Miss B been made of late to foreign banks less important remittances have proceedings the warahips were wounded, had been handed over M. Edgar, Master DR. Edgar, in the treaty ports and in Japan as freely sniped by Canonese troops by the Cantonese commander and Mr. J. Egan, Mr.
H. Frederick, Bides of the river, one
that drastic action had been post- Mr. H. M. Gilmore, Mr. R.
a precaution against the proverbial being killed on the poned.
rainy
day, North China Daily In the morning no reply
[Earlier reports on Nanking in H. Granade, Master R. Grapade,
Granade, Mis. R. Granade, Miss News. was received to the ultimatum. (THROUGH DEUTEE's Moency.]
cidents will be found on page 2}, Admiral Hough arrived to take
Mrs. F. 8. Gibbings, Miss D. 8.
Mr. D. J. MacGrath, SHIPPING MOVEMENTS. Gibbings, command of the American forces. WABAAW, March 27th.
Other Foreigners Killed 'and
Mrs. J. C. Marke, Miss A. J the Jardine, Matheson The Polish-German Convention, From consultations which were held
Wounded...
Marks, Mr. W. H. Nash, Master T. The P. & O. s.s. Lahore left: SHANGHAI, March 28th. steamer Kiangwo near Wuhu for has been signed for facilitating traf between him and the British Senior
Nimmo, Mrs. M. Nimmo, Master J. Singapore for this port on the 25th- the conveyance of 2,000 troops down fic over International Bailway lines, miral was strongly impressed with arrived on board the Wencha.
Naval Officials, the American Ad-
Besides the Kunguo refugees, 80 K. Nimmo, Mr. 5. Oliveira, Mra, inat, at 3 p.m., and is due hero. Oficial concern is illustrated by river.
including the services between
I. Oliveira, Miss M. Oliveira, Mas on the 31st inst, at about noon. Mr. Coolidge's unusual action in Responding to her signals of dis- Europe and the Far East. The the gravity of the situation so that
It is now ascertained that two ter V. Oliveira, Mrs. F. Stig-Niek The Messageries Maritimes as. telephoning to the Navy Depart-tress H.M.S. Wild Juan went Convention will also form the basis he cabled to the American Com- French fathers and another Briton, en, Master P. Stig Nielsen, Miss Pinil Lecat was refloated on the 20th ment Buring the night requesting alongside, disarmed the soldiers of an establishment of direct ander-in-Chief at Shanghai that Mr. Enbert, harbour master, have K Stig Nielsen, Mr. A. Grindrod, inst., and sailed on Saturday from the latest news and instructing all and put them ashore, detained three communication between Belgium, he considered that if concrete action been killed; and that two more Mrs. A. Grindrod, Mr. R. Moore, Shanghai on her homeward voyage. despatches to be sent to the White-senior Chinese officers and feleased France and Peking, Tokyo vid were not taken immediately the Americans Miss Moffatt and one Mrs. E. M. Rateliff, Miss E. A She is due in Hong Kong Laufe immediately,
Berlin, Riga and Moscow."
(Continued on next column), blucjacket-were wounded.
Rateliff, Mra. B. Strohmer.
morrow (Tuesday) as scheduled.
The cinemas are featuring pie- `tures of war scenes in which the ap
pearance of British troops is in- variably greeted with enthusiastic cheers.
It is freely admitted that the pro- sence of the troops probably pre vented Shanghai from going down. in a welter of rapine and blood- shed.
BRITISH SHIPS FIRED ON.
SEIZURE OF KIANGWO.
F.M.S.WILD SWAN TO
OD,
RESCUE
SHANGHAI,March 27th.
Apart from being constantly fired British ships on the Yangtaze continue occasionally to be seized.
Cantonese military yesterday seized
the ship.
A POLISH-GERMAN CONVENTION.
TO FACILITATE TRAFFIC OVER INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS...
from
tem
Mra EB. Clarke, Miss Clarke,