Page
WILKINSON'S
TANSAN
TINGAN
TANSAN
ท
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3RD, 1924
The Ideal Drink in the Hot Weather
THE ABSOLUTE PURITY"
or
WILKINSON'S TANSAN
NATURAL MINERAL WATER
JA
YOUR SAFEGUARD
THE CHOICEST OF ALL CHOICE WATERS"
The Clifford-Wilkinson Tursan Miniera! Water Company, Ltd, are a British Company daly incorporated noder the Companies' Ordinances of Hongkong.
SOLE AGENTS:
'GANDE, PRICE & Co., › Ltd.,
TAL CENTRAL No. 135.
HONGKONG.
DAIRY FARM NEWS:
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THE HONGKONG STUDIO,
ART PHOTOGRAPHERS,
QUEEN'S ROAD C
COASTWISE LIGHTS.
THE MARINER'S GUIDES.
[BY A. G. GOLDSMITH IN THE "DAILY
TELEGRAPH."]
www.
great importance to abipping. The power installed in light vessels is con- siderably less, and varies from 1,000 to 140,000 candle-power. The Girdler, an chored at the entrance to the Thames Pestuary, heads the light for the United Kingdom with 140,000-p., and is visibla If the average navigator were asked from a distance of ten miles, according what he considered to have been the most to the charts. And this, to the un- trying feature of the war, be would probinitinted, will appear very confusing, be ably reply, Having to navigate after cruise the Nore lightship, which only has nightfall in coastal waters where all the power of 2,000 candles, is visible under lights of the shore, stations, gas-buoys, the same conditions from a distance of beacons, and light-vessels were extinguish eleven miles. The same applies to light. ed."
houses, and we find that Spurn Head, with its 500,000 odd candle power, is only visible soventeen miles, according to the charts and official light list, whereas the South Stack, Holyhead, which has the less power of 274,000 candles, can be seen under similar circumstances from twenty miles away. The axplanation in very simple. The ranges of visibility as given by the Trinity Houses are based upon
the presumption that the observer's oyes are 15ts. above sea level, and therefore upon the height of the lantern "depends the calculated range of ita visibility owing to the curvature of the earth. In this case the more powerful light on Spurn Head stands but 120ft, above sea level. whilst that of the South Stack in 1977t.
To the sailor, wheri appipaching land or passing through narrow channels after dark, where rocks, shoals, and banks | abound, the various light-marks are his only safeguard. Without them he has to trust to his dead reckoning, which, after all is said and done, is only guesswork, on account of the vagaries of the tides, winds, and currents. But to such state of perfection have the lighting and buoyage systems of the world been brought to-day that, barring fog, the waster mariner can navigate biz ship with confidence and safety through the narrowest waters gu the blackest of nights, even though he may be a complete stranger to the locality.
For the majority of holiday annkers Contrary to general belief, the common visiting the seaside the lights far out to source from which the lighting power of se, or showing forth from distant head the lantern is derived is not electricity. landa, invariably hold an absorbing`in-
Indeed, very few stations are equipped 8. terest.. From promenade or pier they with electrical apparatus to-day.
Catherine's Point (Isle of Wight) and mayer, perhaps, a dozen or mare. some Bashing intermittently-fat or slow the Lizard (Land's End) employ electric others showing a steady beam of light current, and have their own generators; (white, green, or red), whilst from time but the South Foreland, which some years to time, far away on the horizon, a tiny ago was converted from oil burning to poipt of light shows dimly out of the electric ares, has quite recently been re- darkness, gradually growing to great converted to its former state, which goes. brilliancy and then fading into obscurity to prove that electrical plant is geither agalo. To the landsman these varied as economical or as necessary for the phases convey but little, but to the sea-development of power as one might sup- man each is making a distinctive sign, pose. True, arc lights can be made to signalling its name and locality, as it develop much greater brilliancy than oil were pointing to the position of some vapour, but they are only employed in half-tide rock or submerged reef, and very special circumstances. The light- warning him when to alter his course. house on Cape Gris Nez, the reflection They tell him his position upon the track of which can often be seen on the clouds less deep just as a road sign-post directs from the English coast at points up to the motorist..
forty miles distant, throws a beam of the enormous power of 28,500,000 candles. ILLUMINANT.
FIXED, FLASTING, AND OCCULTING, Altogether around the coasts of Eng- land and Wales alone there are over 1,600
The system universally employed in lights exhibited from shore stations, harshore houses and light vessels to-day is bour walla, and vessels anchored at sea, petroleum vapour the number and size of and this number does not include these the burners varying according to the shown from numerous gas booys and power required. The rays are highly con beacons, which are used to denote the fair centrated and amplified by means of diop- ways in estuary and harboar approaches. tric and ento-dioptric lenses and refec- For the purpose of distinction these tors, and the mechanism by which the lights are classified as: Fixed, meaning ing. etc.-are obtained is operated by various characteristics-flashing, occult- those, which bow a continuous, steady heam flashing, showing a single flash clockwork. To facilitate the rotation of at regular intervals, the duration of this optical apparatus-which in me light being always less than that of the cases. includes the whole series of the ensuing darkugas, or eclipse, as it is lenses and reflectors, and in others. A called group fishing, those which show shutter working-around them-its outer a group of two or more flashes at regular rim floats in a corresponding annular. intervals, occulting, those which show a bath of mercury, which enables & com- steady light with a sudden eclipse at replete revolution to be made in as short gular intervals, the duration of darkness period as ten seconds, using little more being always equal to, or less than, that power than is required to work the hands of the light (L., the opposite to a flash of a church clock-and this "despite the ing light); group occulting, showing, à
fact that the lantern may measure 10ft. steady light with a group of two of moisolated lighthouses built on rocks and or more in diameter. In the case of sudden eclipses at regular intervals; Gxed and group flashing. those which show a steady lightwhich at regular intervals emits a group of flashes of te latively greater brilliancy.
separated from the mainland, and also
beard lightships, a benvy mineral oil is employed in the place of petroleum as
precaution against fire.
WORLD THEATRE
TO-DAY & TO-MORROW ONLY, at 5.15 & 9.15 p.m.
A WARNER BROS. CLASSIC OF THE SCREEN
LUCRETIA
LOMBARD"
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PRATUBING
IRENE RICH & MONTE BLUE
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All light vessels are fitted with" dia. tinctive day marks, hoisted at the must-blasts given on horn or ayran, sometimes in both a high and a low pitched note. beads, in the shape of cages and balls, în addition to which each bears her name Thus, even in a fog, the seaman hearing painted in huge letters on either side. warning signal cannot mistake the The lantern is usually lowered on deck identity of the station. by day, and only hoisted at sumant when
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„ARTIFICIAL WREATHS IN STOCK.
(1468
All these types of lights may be mode to show a change of colour, in which case they are termed, alternating, etc. Now from this one does not need to be skilled mathematician to realise the enormous number of different combinn tions available, and, therefore, in no in, stance are any important lights similar the light has to be exbibited. Both Modern fog signal apparatus is of in phase to one another, with the result lantern and ship are of special construc vurioas types, and in every important OFFICES )SID, WYNDHAM STREET, that it is impossible for any careful caption, in order to minimise any oscilla-station is operated by compressed air, the tain, when approaching land, not totion caused by the ship rolling and pitch-pumps being driven by motora, Thera know his position at once when he picks ing in heavy weather. Each vessel car- are still a few instances where hand horns TL 0. 209. HONGKONG. up the light-from a shprestation, beries a full crew, and, in the event of her are used, but such cases are few and far cause all of them are clearly shown on breaking away from her moorings or between. Ia bygone days whistling buoya the charts, together with a brief descrip dragging out of position in a heavy gale, were often employed to mark the fair tion of their character. A full and com- warning signals are exhibited in the form ways and approaches to harbours, etc., prehensive description of every light is of a red light hoisted at bow and stern, but there are very few in existence to-day- is published in a book called The whilst red fare is burnt every ficu In their case the power used is compress Admiralty Light List," a copy of which minutes. The main characteristic lighted air pumped into chambers within the every ship carries. To those interested, his also extinguished, so that it cannot buoy and sufficient for a six months' I may add that copies can be obtained mislead other approaching vessela How-supply, whilst the mechanism, which is, by anyone at 39. 6. ench As an in ever, thanks to the heavy ground tackle of course, purely automatic and unat stance of how the system helps the with which these ships are anchored, tanded, makes it imperative that the mariner, a ship coming from the Med such a situation seldom arises.
Round signal shall be in perpetual ope- ration, day and night, clear weather or terranean and bound for Plymouth would
DAS BUOYS. set a course for the Eddystone Light, but if for some reason or another she hap modern lighting system at sea
Yet another interesting feature of the fog Mechanical bell buoys and floats is there still widely used, and in this cuso pened to be auf out of her proper track, mechanical gas busy. These buoys are the hell is struck by two or more tongues. in clear weather it would be impossible used to mark the approaches to harbours actuated by the rolling motion of the for her skipper to run her ashore any and estuaries where sand banks and out buoy as caused by the sea; consequently where between Land's End and Dover lying dangers of all kinds abound. Buoys the signals cannot be implicity relied without having sighted one or more of of this type can be seen close instore in pen, especially in calm weather, the powerful lights whose rays overlap
The vagaries of sound signals in a fog one another. In this case, if the ship great numbers around the British counts, were set to the westward and sighted the ad not only do they exhibit fixed lights are so well known that the Admiralty but also flashing and occulting phases, issue a standing warning to mariners not Lizard, or to the eastward and saw the like miniature lighthouses. The secret of to take it for granted that because a Start Light, neither could be mistaken their mechanism, is known to faw lands certain signal is not heard in thick wea for the Eddystone, which shows a group
roen, though the explanation is a simple ther the listening vessel is therefore bo- flashing light, whilst the Lizard" is n
A fög signal may ät one. Into a large reservoir contained in yand its range. single lash every three seconds, and the
the body of the buoy charges of dissolved times be picked up at a range of two Start a single flash every twenty seconds.
acetylene gas are placed in sufficient miles or more and become quito inaud POWER OF THE BEAMS.
quantities to keep the light buriting for ible nearer approach. Again, it may Another interesting feature of many pi perioda cp to six months. This gas feeds be heard distinctly by a man stationed the important shore lights is that over pilot jet, which is continually alight, at the mast head, whilst not audible to certain ares of the horizon they change and ignites the main burner, which is those on deck. Direction is another fac their character completely, for the pur automatically turned on and off by a com- tor which can never be trusted; hence the pose of marking certain danger zones puct clockwork apparatus, which hardly institution of submarine bells aboard A typical instance of this is the Needles, occupies the space of a cigar box. Quite some of the more important light vessels situated on the western extremity of the a common belief exists amongst lands and stations. These are rung-under Isle of Wight. It exhibits a white group men that a sailor goes round to these gas water by electrical means, and the sound Occulting light to the southward over the buoys, in a boat at sunset and sunrise-can be picked up at considerable dis Channel, but to anyone observing it from like a street Lamplighter of the old tances and the correct direction ascer Christchurch, near Bournemouth, it ap. school-and turns them on or off, as the tained by means of two telephopes attach pears red. This red, sector shines overcase may be. As a point of fact, they ed to miserophones on either side of s those dangerous shoals known
asare burning by day as well as by night, ship, below the water-line. The ope Christchurch Ledges and the Shingles, and are only attended to about twice a rater, by listening in' on both phones and is a warning signal to ships "ap | year.
simultaneously, Сал determine upon proaching from the westward too close Practically every light around the Eng. which hand side the bell bears from the inshore.
lish and Welsh coasts is maintained and fact that the volume of sound is always From landwards the power of a beam looked after in every respect by the greater on the side nearer to it. When projected from a lighthouse can seldom Trinity House Corporation of Londons that the volume of sound is equal in both the approaching chip's head is altered so be estimated, since the majority are who are also responsible for the fog the port and starboard phones, the anb screened off and only direct their rays signalling apparatus which is installed to seaward; nor would it be pleasant at all the more important stations and marine bell then bears directly abend. for anyone to attempt to look full into ships, The apparatus controlling fog House employs over 1,200 msn in its Altogether, the institution of Trinity the direct rays from within a few yards signals is generally driven by mechanical lighthouses, ships, tenders, and depots; of some of the big lanterns. Spurn means, compressed air, or internal cem- and in a further article I shall endea Head, for instance, develops a power of bustion engines. Like the lights, each your to shed some light on the lives and 519,000 candles whilst Bishop Rock fog-signal station bas its own distinctive training of the men who maintain and (Scilly Islands) shows a light of 622,000 warning, such ag explosive signals Bred keep watch over The Coastwiss Lights ep. Needless to say, the high power of af varying intervals and long and short these two light stations is due to their (Dontinued on nezi Coluna 】
of England."
”་
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