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THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MARCH 1ST, 1924.
BRANDIES.
BOTTLED IN COGNAC AND GUARANTEED
A MASTERFUL CLERK LORD HALDANE'S ANECDOTES OF PUBLIC OFFICES.
The current issue of the Journal of Public Administration publishes Bou notes by Lord Haldane on his experi eaces of public office.
There are five Secretaries of State
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the Colonies, for War, and for India. The Admiralty has a different constitu- tion. Each of those five Secretaries of State has the full authority of a Secretary of State; that is to say, he can legally
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he is qualified by his position to transact the business of other affices if it is proper for him to do so. I myself have had the honour of fulfilling the duties of Home Flashes- Secretary several times, and have ful- Alied the duties to relieve my proper col league. The peculiarity of such occasions. is that, suppose you were, As I was,
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munication with the Home Office, you might find yourself communicating with yourself in the capacity of Home Secre tary. At one tinie my colleague at the Home Office went away for a holiday, and asked me to take over his work, and had just addressed letter to the Haine Office for some powers I had written an official letter, as Secretary for War. But when I was at the Honic Ofee one of the first things I was called upon to do
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was to refuse my own request, and. 1. TACK & 00.,
wrote a letter to myself, saying "No."
When I was at the Bar, my friend, the late Prime Minister, Mr. Asquith, was also at the Bar, and we were in a great many Appeals in the House of Cards against each other, and we had got into the habit of looking for assistance from the authorities at the House of Lords. Our clerks used to telephone down to find out when our cases were coming on, and thereby we were saved hours of time. One day there came a refusal to give us this information by telephone any more, and we took the matter in hand, and we' went to the Lord Chancellor. He said. How monstrous, no telephone? I will see to that; but presently there came a coinmunication from the Lord Chancellor that he regretted to say that he found that, notwithstanding his position, be had no authority over the telephones of the House of Lords, and we ought to go to the Clerk of Parliament. We went to him, and he said, Monstrous, I will put it right, but in twenty-four hours there came a message that he had no power, and we should go to the Lord Great Chamberlain, We went to him, and he said,Of course, I will see to it,' and from him, too, came a message saying that he had no control.
**It turned out that the real agent wai the representative of the National Tele- phone Company he had a contract in those days. Then it was for us to find out who it was who had let him refuse us and to have his blood. Somehow or other we secured the aid of the Treasury and Office of Works, and the telephone was restored to us, and it turned out that it had been through the vagaries of a clerk of the National Telephone, Co. who was in authority there Not knowing who his chief was, be exercised an uncontrolled discretion, and He anid he was not going to have his office burdened with unceces- sary things."
COMPULSORY VOTING EXPERIENCE OF BELGIUM AND OTHER COUNTRIES.
Compulsory voting has been in force in many countries during the past half- century. It was made part of the law in Bulgaria in 1882 (says a writer in the Political Science Quarterly); it wng pass- ed by the Austrian Empire as Treasure upon which the provincial dieta might exert "local option," and which had been adopted by some half-dozen of them be, fore the war it has long existed in a peculiar form in New Zealand; and it was introduced into Baden and Bavaria in 1881. In Bavaria a novel method of penalising the abstainer under certain circumstances was invented. It was laid down that a minimum poll of two-thirds of the total electorate was required; and if this was not obtained the voters who bad failed to vote were charged with the expense of a fresh election." The latest converts to the system are Czecho-Slova kia and Holland. Compulsory voting formed part of the important Dutch Elec toral Reform Law of 1917; and the negli gent or recalcitrant citizen who fails to vote is now brought before the burgo- master and may be subject to the beavy fine of three Horins for the first offeñca and ten forins for each subsequent offence.
In Czecho-Slovakia compulsory voting became part of the constitutional system of the country from the beginning of ita existence as a separate State. It applies to both municipal and general elections; and the penalties range from fines of 20 to 500 Czech crowna, or imprisonment up to a period of one month. It is under- stood that the number of abstentions has hitherto been so large that it has been impracticable, if bot. impossible, to en- force the law rigorously. At the last municipal election held in Prague, -for example, according to an unofficial but reliable estimiste, about 60,000 persons. (out of 424,680) did not vote; and the courts" could not possibly deal with such an enérmous mass of offenders.
The country where compulsory voting has been most fully enforced is, however, Belgium. After a discussion lasting some years, le vote obligatoire was introduced into the Constitution in 1893. The ro sults have been remarkably successful. In 1894, at the elections for the popular chamber, the abatcations were only 5.41 rier cant. of the electorate, 7.5 per cent. ia:1860, 15.3 per cent, in 1808, and 5.0 per cent in 1900, and this despite a great widening of the franchise. In fact, the proportion of voters to non-voters is normally higher in Belgium than in any country in Europe, perhaps even than anywhere else in the world.
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Keep tyres pumped up to correct pressure for the load they have to carry. We can
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When tyres are under inflated there is continual internal friction between the foundation cord and the rubber, causing overheating of the tyre and consequent rapid deterioration.
Water can also enter causing rust, resulting eventually in the rims having sharp edges which cut the walls of the tyre near the bead."
Most cars in Hongkong run on under inflated tyres with the above disastrous results. Have your wheels examined front and rear for trueness and tracking alignment. If they are at fault in this respect the tread of the cover is subject to a grinding action which quickly destroys the cover.
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