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YOUTH AND THE RACE NEED FOR SEX EDUCATION. SOCIETY'S RESPONSIBILITY,
A notable addition to the valuable re- ports produced by the National Birth-Hate Commisson, appointed by the National
0.1
on
| Council of Public Morals was present.
April 19th to the Minister of The new volume leats with the thorny subject of sex education and the care of adolescence. The Can- and training
doli. missioners handle the difficult and cate problems involved with great frankness, sad from the mass of expert knowledge and practical experience placed at their disposal they have arrived at certain definite conclusions, and in regstigation
to both branches
times-physiol
1ST, -1923
that when a child left hune for school, * private warning of possible litheulty or danger should be given, and again that at the end of school life. they should be a frank talk of the perils by the way in the new life about to be begun. ་་་་
"The general impression left by the evidence has been that no rigid "rules can be laid down, but that what is es- sential is that those who give instrue tion should be competent, and that they should have the endence of these ro ceiving instruction."
As to who should impart sex instruction, there was general agreement that the duty rests first of all with the parents, but no general was the opinion that many
paretto fail to realise their respon
are not competent to give that
or shirk the task because of its and difficulty. They are ready to throw the responsibility on teachers. Even when the task falls on the teacher, it is essential that the consent of the parents essa obtained and, sa far as practicable, their operation.
he
of the inquiry. The parsell on a number of
lational,
the eth arid sociological,
The cal interest dominant throughout, reli
dation between laxly and mind is so close, sal the moral interest is so affected, lasti by physical conditions and mental processes, that both physiology and prekology were taken into account in the investigation. As the erheation of the young may be reinforced or neutralised by social conditions the protection moiety can offer has been indientes. Moral efuction with special eference to sex has, however, been the parenthood, this is ofther by a mother
main, but not the sole purpose of all the inquiries, and to this subject the first section of the report is recordingly devoted.
FRANK TREATMENT ESSENTIAL. The questions which have been considered in this section are the following: Should instruction in regard to sex be given to young people! At what age should it by begun! What should be its content! By what method should it be imparted! What is the agency that it is practicable to em- play!
On the first point the Commission is con- vinced by the evidence-besal:
important is the influence of the parents in the development of the chil, and how often that influence is bad rather than gud, was convincingly shown by Dr. Crichton Miller from the standpoint of the new psychology. As regards marriage and grievous witness stated,
}
ring was done to who laid such stress on the salterings of motherhood as to make it not seem wortis while, or by a father who played the tyrant the home. From the same point of view Dr. Cyril Bart called attention to the fact that not a little juvenile delinquency is due to the substitution of some form of anti- social action for the indulgence of the sex impulse.
While there is a growing uniuber of teachers who are prepared to asume the responsibility for such instruction, it would seer that in the elementary school at least the obligation is not universally recognise, and that the men teachers are more opposed to this teaching than the women. The majority of the tenthers ars
That bowaver dificult and delicate the thak may be, it is one that cannot with due regarsi un the gural safety and welfare of youth, la shirked, but must be under-not yet competent to give instruction, as taken, and should be therefore considered, they have not themselves been taught in Board of not as an irksome duty, but as a privilege. the training colleges. The As to the age at which instruction should Education Syllabus on Hygiene does not yet
contain this subject: begin, it is remarked that the common austinption that this should be wily on the approach of puberty has been entirely dis prived by a great deal of the evidence sub- mittel All the witnesses examined inside that questions asked by children about their own origin should be answered as fully and frankly as the capacity of the child allowed.
reticence must be observed as to sex relations, the old legends must not be re- peated: the child must not he made to feel that he had asked a question that should not be asked; and over if told that the full must have answer could only be given later, his curiosity about himself satisfi
It was generally agreed that it is im- when possible rigidly to ix on such instruction might need to be given; the individualty, the development, the environ- ment of the child affect the time when i awakened; cariosity in these tattera the desire for knowledge should not be anticipated by teaching gratuitously given, but should be honestly satisfied when it Show a
wa itself. Knowledge should be impart- ed gradually, and not come with a shock of surprise at puberty, when harm eren may hy done by the more precise information must then be given, if it has not lecu which prepared
for.
The Commission records its conviction that instruction should be given whenever enciosity in regard to these unters up pers or when there is any indication of Id habits being former."
NATURE OF INSTRUCTION. There was not the same general agree ment among the witnesses as to the content of sux instruction. Almost without excep- tiou, however, they were of opinion that some reticenco must be maintained; that a beginning should be made with the fact of motherhood; then, that the relation of the sexes might be referred to in general terms, dwelling on the ideal of marriage and parent-
heod.
several
"It is with this more reticent policy that the Commission finds itself in general agreement, while recognising that a longer experience and a wider inquiry are neces sary for a confident judgme
as to what may or may not be
also desires The Commission
to emphasise conclusions which have general resulted
of the evidence. from the hearing (a) It is a serioas, injurious mistake to isolate sex instruction from mural education generally, for thereby an undue emphasis Is given to it. Chastity should in treater as only one element in the good life, and the bild should not be led to take a greater in terest in this than in any of the other, functions of life.
(b) The motive of fear of the consequences of any abuse of the function should not be stimulated by the instruction given. Nor should the motive of chivalry to the other. sex be unduly stressed, as that may make the relations between the nexes artificial nud aut natural for there entering on atleast not in the training womanhood mere may be said
and parenthood.
ག་
of
"In view of the necessity of competent instruction in the schools of the country, the Commission urges that teachers should beadequately train to impart it; and that
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the matter should receive the serious HANGHAI OFFICE consideration of the Board of Education." The Commission records its opinion that inore advantage might be taken of the opportunities afforded by maternity and child welfare centres for imparting right, education in matters of sex and parentage,' and it is convinced.
That much more might be done through the varit agencies of the Church Men's Brotherhoods, Women's Sisterhoods -to raise the ideal of marriage and parenthood, and to bring home to parents their responsibility for the instruction of their children as well as to it them to discharge that duty."
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Members British Chamber of Commerc (Shanghai). Mr. T. W. BOWERN, Fellow, the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers, lacor- porated by Royal Charter, London.
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(e) Even bere a bad habit has been formed,
ruxd, it should not be treated, as it Lion). often is by parents and teachers, with harshness.
(d) Human parenthood should not be isolated, but treated as a part of the evolu of life. The teaching should be as tute and objective as possible, to awaken an intellectual interest rather than to stimulate an emotional response.
(e) As the mental development of the child is gradual, so must the instruction be adapted to the state of development reach- ed. Am in this respect d'girl's development is usually in advance of a boy's, the same instruction would not be suitable for both
in the discussions of the Commissions the insuficiency of knowledge to secure vittue was recogni el.
ક્યું.
Hence the essent that the instruction should be
in a pro- per atmosphere of personal relation be- tween teacher and taught, by one who has the confidence of, and so can influence, tlinse being instructed. While the instruc tion should not be emotional in the sense of exciting emotion, it can be
only fully effective where there is affection,
DUTY OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS. There was general agreement that the preparatory instruction as regards the frets
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