CABLES
LATEST CABLES...J
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, AUGUST 99TH, 1992.
SINKING OF THE "FRANCE.”"AMERICAN RADIO SERVICE.
NAVAL CAROLES
OPINION.
Besar, August 97th. Naval circles are unanimous that the
M. CHICHERIN DESIRES TO wreck of the battleship France was an
VISIT U.S.A.
ON A FINANCIAL QUEST.
· "Bias, August 27th, Latvian diplomatic circles state that
B. Chicheria has applied to the Ameri-
Ean, Consulate at Berlin, for permission bo visit the United States and make over- tures to bankers and Government for fin-
ucial aid.
RUSSO-ASTATIC COMPANY,
uanvetdable accident. The loss is regard, Pas very serious as there were only seven battleships of the France type in the French navy but it is pointed ous the the Washington treaty allows France to build a successor. It is stated that one of the missing sailors has beer, picked
ULL
STATUS OF THE IRISH.
TREATY.
STILL UNAFFECTED.
The Treaty..
کے
LONDON. August 7th.
(Intercepted by the U.8.8% "Tracy," on "August 26th, 1922)
BASEBALL SCORES.
NATIÉNAL LEAGUE, Brooklyn, 83; Pittsburgh, "New York, 4: St. Louja, 3.
Philadelphia, 22; Chicago, 96.
-AMERICAN LEAGUE Detroit, 3: Washington, 2 St. Louis, 3-3; New York, 1--6. Cleveland, '0; Boston, 9.
THE RAILROAD STRIKE..
A FIGHT TO A FINISH..
# NEW YORK.
"
SMUGGLING SPIRITS.
INDIAN FEPOY CONVICTED.
A sopoy" of the H.K.S.B., K.G.A., was charged before Mr. Hamilton," at the Magistracy, yesterday, with attempt ing to amuggle into the Colony two bottles of gin on which the duty of #3 bad not been paid....
A. PERJURY - CHARGE.
SUBMISSION AS TO THE VALIDITY OF SUBSEQUENT EXPLANATIONS.
A case in which an elderly, Chinese is indicted for perjury was opened as the Criminal Ressions, yesterday, bafore the Chief Justice (Sir Wm. Rots Daries) and a special jury composed of Messrs. A Chinese revenue officer said that at p. M. Bernard (foremad), G. P. 15.30 pla. on Saturday, he attempted to Curty, H. A. Lammert, A. G. Coppia, stop the defendant, as he left the Canton. M. Dyer. W. G. Goggin and B. J.
In the struggli
Chapman.
SCOTTISH SPORT, SCOTS NARROW ESCAPE IN CRICKET.
IRISH PLAY SAFETY FOR A' DREW. [FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.]
4
EDINBURG, July 19th, After a long spell of wet weather we had aaronrable week-and, with the result f some good cricket returns. An exciting finish was witnessed in the match between Seetland and Ireland at Partick. It ended wharf. The defendant took to his heels,
in a draw, but it was a murilistery for Ireland they required only three runs to and was chased through the Wing On
The perjury was alleged to have been win and had four wickets in hand. "On Company Stores, along Des Voeux Road
committed in proceedings, on October sound wicket and against bowling, thus Central, and lato Wing Woo Street,
could not be classed as of more than average. which is between the "Sua Company's th, 1921, before Mr. U. D. Melbourne, quality, the Irishmen started their last a commissiones, in an action then panding innings with the task of making 60 runs an It is reported from, the Railroad Labour Store and the "Sincere Company's Store in the Supreme Court, between H. J. hour, and failed to accomplish it. Their The death of Mr. "Coffins and Mr. Headquarters, where it was said that the
cricket for a time, indeed, was na dull as: Grifith, the retirement of another signataions are preparing for a fight to thewhere he was arresteil. tory to the treaty, and CONFERENCE WITH KRUPPS AND in te ulet desertion of finish, that a telegram has been dispatch that ensued the two bottles were broken. Murray (plaintiff), and Walter Ford & ditch water; they were trying to save the ed to all strikers throughout the country, A Chinese constable gave corroborative Co., Fung Yan-sam (the accused), and match rather than win it. They did let Mr. Churchill telegraphing to Mulling upon the strikers to renew the evidence and said when the defendant others. It was a material question whethemselves out a little towards the close, but not till it was too late. The Irishmen, struggle with redoubled vigour.
was arrested he deliberately threw both ther accused was a partner in the defen- however, must be said to have deserved Cosgrave the foregoing. added that, on
dant firm and prisoner (it was alleged){victéry." the contrary, both sides will feel it all the more a sacred duty to carry out the
The defendant said that he bought themide or subscribed a declaration, fled in Act of reconciliation,
bottles in Wing On's Store. He received the action, in which he wilfully, corruptly a receipt for the two bottles separately and knowingly declared: I deny that
bercles. He did not attempt to conceal that I was a partner therein at the time
his determination/to stand by his state- ment to" Congress, in which he receipt from the store was lost." Solved to use all power to maintain trans Inspector Cashman said that the gin
The Attorney-General (the. Hon. Mr. portation.
was contained in brandy bottles and a
J. H. Kemp, K.C.), conducted the case European revenue offer explained thri if the bottles had been purchased from for the Crown, and Mr. Elaley Zeitlyn the Store the corks would have been (instructed by Mr. Leo Longinotto) ap sealed with a "duty paid stamp." This" could not be found among the fragments of broken glass.
SOVIET AUTHORITIES.
PARIS, August 97th. Kao Petit Parivica learns from Essen, kat. Mr. Leslie Urquhart, Chairman of The Russo-Asiatic Consolidated Company.
Mr. Cosgrave replied that the Provin- vial Government will unswervingly adhere
the Trency.
ADMINISTRATION TO REFRAIN FROM INTERFERING IN SEGOTIATIONS.
WASHINGTON, Cabinet members have announced that present, from making any move in the rail strike situation, hat they indicated,
bottles away.
In the County Championship, Filashire have had such a run of success that their defont by Forfarshire came somewhat as n surprise. This is the "Kingdom's first had bad luck to draw with Perthshire. Still, the reverse to Fife gives Aberdeen
is at present in Berlin, conferring with th its programme of giving full effect to the administration will refrain, for the rais fie afterwards wrapped up with the I am a partner in such defendant firm of reverse in the competition. Aberdeenshire
veral conferences with the directors of THE REPARATIONS QUESTION | however, that the President was firm in them. When the bottles were broken the the cause of action, accrued, or that, was the first position on the table.
the Soviet authorities. He who had i
Messrs. Krupps, resulting in a decision 'that Krupps shall play a more important et in the enterprise of, the Busso- Asiatic Company.
MORE SOVIET "JUSTICE.” ́DEFENDENTS COUNSEL
DEPORTED.
WARSAW, August 27th. Counsel in the recent Social-Revolution- ary trial at Moscow, have been deported to the Archangel district.
OBITUARY,
SIR L... VAN DEVENTER.
Jonassesfero, August 27th. The death is announced of Sir Louis Jacob Van Deventer, K.C.B.. C.B., Temp Major-General and Commander. In-Chief East Africa since 1917.
CANADIAN MINING STRIKE SETTLED.
COMMISSION MAKES DECISION
TO-MORROW,
THE RAILROAD EXECUTIVE'S OFFER
NEW YORK.
PARIS, Angust 97th. The Reparations Commission met this morning, but is not making a decision
A statement by the rail executives of til Wednesday, It has informed thes Reich that it can he heard then if it the broken-up Railroad Conference
presenting thirty-three per cent, of the country's roads, says the executives were willing to take strikers hack with all their forme rights, but the Unions refused this
wishes,
FAR
EASTERN CABLE offer.
NEWS.
(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENOT.]
"TIMES" COMMENT ON CHINESE SITUATION.
DETTER THAN THAT OF MANY EUROPEAN STATES
Loxtos, August 27th.
AGREEMENT MUST BE SIGNED BY ALE OR NONE.
NEW YORK.
Mr. B. M. Jewell, head of the Shop- nien's Unions, bas statel that the nuen could not sign an agreement with only a portion of the railroads., The agreement was to be sized either by all or none.
**NOTHING MORE MORE DONE,"
New York.
The Magistrate said that he felt con- vinced that the defendant was guilty and that he had probably got the spirits from the Canton boat. He imposed a fine of #90 with the option of three weeks' im- prisonment.
INDENTURED LABOUR.
MAGISTRATE'S REMARKS ON SYSTEM OF EMPLOYING FISHERMEN,
A Chinese fisherman was prosecuted
Mr. Sheppard, head of the Railroad A Pimra lender, commenting on the situation in China, says:
impediate ing in attempts at strike settlement. has yesterday, with having absconded from Despite Conductors Union, who has been assist-belore Mr. Hamilton, at the Magistracy, gloomy prospects for solution of the country's difficulties, it is said that mediation by the Brotherhoods his master, the owner of a fishing junk.
Mr. H. Lee appeared for the prosecu- granething to know the tre men eager had reached a point where there is
tion and said the defendant was engaged by the sherman as a'loki. The master paid for reform" and emrageous enough to nothing inere to be done.” continur striving therefor, despite in- nnerable dißenities. As a State, China
SRINGFIELD.
ever a partner therein."
poured for the defence.
The Attorney-General, explained that Walter Ford & Co. and accused were sued as the makers of a promissory note for $6,500 and W. J. L. Ford and Tai Ming tok were sued as guarantors. An appear ance was entered for accused by Mr. Long notto. On October 28th defendant made the declaration out of which the charge arose. It was a clear statement, sub- mitted Counsel, that accused was nover a partner in the firm of W. Ford & Co. The solicitor conducting the case on behalf
October gith fled an affidavit setting out the plaintif, Mr. C. H. Lyson, an the partnership, agreement, and signed by the accused.
Six days later, the defendant made an
COAL MINERS SIGN AGREEMENTS.defendant the sum of 833 in advance, on other declaration in which he stated that the understanding that the defendant is thoroughly disorganised. but naa
would work for him for the next six W. J. L. Ford. interpreter, of Messrs. SYDNEY (Nova Scotia), Aug. 274H scein structure she is still a going enn-
Defendant joined Wilkinson & Grist, had been a friend of cern As the magnituds of her foreign An agreement has been signed ccvering months for no pay. The coal strike has been settled.
of the coal miners is the bout. On June 19th the money waS trail proves, she is nt, least infinitely fifty per crut.
had done a great deal of business.. He [A cable message, dated August 18th, better off than any States of Europe. Washington. An agreement has also been duly paid over, and be absconded on July his for many years and through him he
Oklahoma Coalrd.
"Questioncul as to why he absconded the bad always signed any document Mr. Ford stated that 1,200 miners were on strike at She possesses proved patriots, but is signed, covering the
defendant told the Magistrate that he Glace Bay. Several hundred troops had handicapped by ignorance of the stand- Fields. been "despatched in consequence of colti-ards and values of a new political system,
was a poor man, and the money he re had put before him. Defendant neither sions between voluntary workers and
ceived from his employer was not auf-read nor understood English. He had not ficient to cover all his debts. strikers.
Defendant was ordered to pay 30 to the slightest recollection of signing the He had never received any his employer as compensation or in de agreement. fault of payment one month's jail. accounts er dividend of the firm of W. The Magistrate remarked that the Ford & Co., nor had he ever heard of the
player was asking for trouble by giving advances and expecting the de-firm until he was aned. fendant to go on no pay for six months. Mr. H. A. Nisbet, Registrar of "the
our he had come across and it was a It was the worst form of identured Supreme Court, produced certain docu- great temptation to the employé.
EARLIER CABLES, FRENCH WATERSIDE STRIKE BARBED WIRE BARRICADES AND
TRENCHES,
BRITISH GAIN "TELEPHONE S
MONOPOLY IN THE ARGENTINE
WASHINGTON
which has been forced upon her by re volation, and the present confusion is but an incident in her history. That she has much to learn and much to go through before she aeqajries stability is. inevitable, but it is nethinkable that a race like the Chinese, endowed with The Departament of Stute has officially vigour, industry and intellect, will fail advised the Argentine Government that to emerge successfully frog their dis-it has accepted the renunciation of the ordered political condition."
Western Telegraph Co. to a British con- cern to take over its rights and monopoly in that country.
ROYAL COMMISSION."
"
In the House of Lords, on July 10th. Viscount Farquhar (Lord Steward of the Household) brought up the following message from the King:-
LONDON, August 27th. The strike of six thousand dockers at Havre for higher pay accompanied by CONFERMENT OF HONOURS, interference with traffic and sympathetic twenty-four hour strikes of seamen and other werkers, led te'serious street fight- ing. The strikers stoned the polim," who fred. Three were killed and 37 wounded. The strikers fortill the strike com- zittee's headquarters with harbed-wire barricades of telegraph-poles and tree- tranks, tore up pavements, and dug trenches. The polier this toorning o cupied without blondshed a building held by the extremists, who wer, driven out) after six had her arrested. The troops occupied the railway station, enabling the departure of trains. Reinforcements of troops and police are arriving,
DISORDER ENDED.
BAYRA, August 7th.
In addition to six strike leaders, the police have rounded up and arrested numerous agitators, including women, Meetings have been prohibited. Order has now been restored.
FRANCO-BRITISH DISPUTE. LEAGUE OF NATIONS COUNCIL TO
DECIDE
CABLE COMMUNICATION WITH IRELAND.
NEW YORK.
A cable from Ireland says that Insur- gents have evacuated and that the Free Staters have occupied the Commercial Cable Co.'s station at Waterville, Ireland. The Company will resume traffic within
I have received your address, praying that a Royal Commission may be ap- pointed to consider, and advise on the a few days. procedure to be adopted to assist the Prime Minister in niaking recomienda. tions of the names of persons deserving of special honour, and I will give direc tions that a Royal Commission shall issue foi the purpose mentioned in your
ddress."
J
(Intercepted by the U.S.S. "Tracy? on August 27th, 1992.)
THE KU KLUX KLAN.
LOS ANGELOS. Thirty-re Ku Klux Klansmen have heen acquitted or charges of felony which was the oute me of the trouble last April. The Jury deliberated for five hours before giving their verdict.
*CHURCHÈS. ADVISED TO COMBINE AGAINST THE KU KLUX.
CHICAGO.
I
Protestant Churches in Chicago are
urged to join Catholics, Jews, and Negroes against the Ku Klux Klan, following the Anti-Ku Klux Klan Meeting at which the Ku Klux was denounced.
PILFERING SHIP'S STORES. SEAMAN SENT TO PRISON.
Three Chinese seamen of the s.s. Izion were charged before Mr. Lindsell, at the Magistracy, yesterday, with unlawfully having in their possession 2 cups, 57
saucers, one tea-pot and a quantity of ship's stores.
ments and gave formal evidence.
Counsel for the defence cross-examined to show that, in actions against W. Ford & Co., the accused was not cited as de- fendant.
A clerk in the firm of Messrs. Wilkinson Grist, cross-examined by Mr. Zeitlyn, said prisoner neither spoke, read, nor understood English. He had only heard him call Mr. Walter Ford by his Chinese name, which was Leung or Wing Cheung.
Mr. Zeitlyn: Is the defendant a man of integrity?
The witners: I don't know, he is a man
The first man said that he was taking charge of the cups and saucers for an other seaman who had been put arbore at one of the ports of call on account of illness. He was instructed to hand the things over to the man's brother "here.
The second man said that four tins of of means. milk represented what he had saved
Mr. Zeitlyn I will not pursue the from his rations whilst the third man question. I am afraid that, for the wit- denied all knowledge.
ness, integrity and means are synony
mous.
H
Ayrshire's defeat in the Western Union was another surprise. It leaves this local Championship more open, with Greenock: at the top.
Undefeated in the Scottish: Schools Championship series of matches, Loretto went to Perthshire, and by beating Glenal- mond secured the chief honour of the competition. They have previously beaten drawn with Merchiston and Fettes, both Watson's, and Edinburgh Academy, und of the drawn matches being abandoned owing to rain. Loretto have had Cham- pionship honours three years out of the
last four.
Clydesdale, who are on a brief tour in the Capital, ran up the highest aggregate of the Scottish season, and D. A. Mackay had the biggest individual score. He has done many feats during his career, but nothing to approach his display against Leith Franklin, when in under three hours feated. On the same afternoon the best bowling performance of the season was put be gathered 257 tons without being de
record. Playing on
for Elinburgif Academicals against Edinburgh Institution. D. 8, Weir accomplished be wonderful feat of taking 9 wickets for ruus.
INTERNATIONAL:
Scotland, 297 and 165 (John Kerr, Greenock, 75 and 7A-W. Angus, Noble, Grange, 15 and 38; Captain Alexan- Watsoniana, 29 and 29; Major M. D. der, Aberdeenshire. 71 and 30); Ireland, 275 and 185 for six (L. Bookman, F. and S. Union, 74 and 14; W. Pollock, North of Ireland, 144 and 21 R. H. Lambert,
Dublin University, 18 and 51). Leistser, 50 and 63; D. R. Pezgott,
COUNTIES CHAMPIONSHIP,
Forfarshire, 170; Fifeshire, 105. Aberdeenshire, 248 for 6; Ferikshire,
112 for 7.
WESTERN UNION.
Ferguslie, 210; Ayr, 120.
Greenock, 127, Drumpellier, 122 for 8. Kelburne, 142 for 7: Kilmarnock, 70. PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHAMPIONSHIP.
Glenaimond, 70; Loretto, 105." Watson's, 110; Fettes, 100.
OTHER MATCHES.
.
Perthshire, 145; Edin. Univ., 112. Clydesdale, 346 for 5; Leith Franklin,
74.
2
Poloc, 111; Selkrk, 62. Watsonans, 102; Gala, 74.
Stirling Co., 104; Grangemouil, 97. Carlton, 210 for 9; West, 123, Grange, 203 for 9; Stewart's 101 for 3. Edin. Academicals, 208 for 8; Institu-
tion, 28.
Heriotonians, 129 Hawick, 70. Brunswick, 62; Edin. Indians, 23. West, 111; Stirling Co., 61: Clydesdale, 105: Grange, 197 for G. Fettes, 156 for 7; Watsonians, 102.
LAWN TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Evidence was given by Sgt. Carey, who said he saw some scainen's gear being lowered into a sampan from the stern of the ship. When he discovered the stores,
Evidence for the Crown having been At the East of Scotland Lawn Tennis some of which were concealed in seabouts, concluded, Mr. Zeitlyn'desired to submit Championship meeting at Liberton, Mrs. Robin Welsh, who won the Ladies' Singles" he arrested the boatwoman who took him that there was no ease to go to a Jury. on board and pointed out defendants as The Jury were accordingly dismissed by Championship for the first time in 1994, the men who had engaged her boat. the Judge until this morning while the and has won it every time she has played since, "in"carried it off against a formid- The crockery was recognised as part of point of law was argued, the ship's cargo from Japan to Seattle, Mr. Zeitlyn quoted the case King able riva in Miss Marie Macfarlane, Mer and several cases were found to have been Carr, in which the Court held, he said, chiston, the Scottish International hockey that nothing could be assigned as perjury player and holder of the East of Scotland The first defondant was sent to prison which as explained in a second atidavit Badminton Championship. Dr. G.M. Elliott, for six weeks, the other two were dis in the same proceedings. In the King the Scottish Champion, again won in the charged.
final of the Singles Championship against F.G. Costeloe, Liberton Kennedy. Smel- Merchiston came ont winners in the Gentin men's Open Doubles against the Bella houston pair, Erie Rayner and R., Paul,
bronched on arrival.
4
RAIL STELLERS: OUTRAGES ALL OVER THE COUNTRY..
-CIFICADO.
Jones (1791) the Lord Chief Justice said, The whole of the defendant's evidenco
on the former trial should be proved, for lie, Waverley, partnered by A.W. br Banks..
it in ons part of his evidence he corrected any mistake made in another part of it, it will not be perjury." Mr. Zeitlyn said the authorities held that where a declara The Kailroad Shopmen's Strike *p;tion or affidavit had been made which
A Pakhoi correspondent, writing to Northern contemporary mentions that fantah and lottery stalls have been licensed there. This was done, he says, ou the order of Wong Miag-tong (one of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's supporters), and it is said that the fees bring in something like 8600 per day. Be that as it may says the correspondent, the gambling mania is doing untold harm in mapy LONDON, August 27th, directions Trade is injured, thieves in For the Srst line. two first-rank crease and abound, and cases are instanced Powera appear in opposition before the where one or two have committed suicide FOREIGN GUNBOATS DISPATCHED League of Nations. The issue canceras as the only way out of trouble brought on
TO TOHANG. Tabia And Morocco, regarding which through gambling losses. When a few Britain has placed a motion next on the cash or centa may be staked it is no sur
*PAKING.." agenda. The British complain that the prise to find the stalls crowded, not only French bave no right to impose French by women, but by quite small children. The American gunboat 7ambel and other nationality on British subjects born in All these factors do not make for the peace foreign gunboats have sailed for Ichang, Tunis and Morocco, which are not French and prosperity of the district..
or the Yangtze River, on account of Dominions but merely. Protectorates.
soldiers firing on foreign merchant craft. Briting has frequently protested that Aricent meeting of the Chinese Rate Dispatches from Shunchow, Honan Pro- British subjects of Maltese origin have payers' Association of Shanghai discussed vinice to the Peking Legations says that a been handcuffed and compelled to join the question of dredging the Soochow Greek surveyor and a French, engineer prouched the end of the eighth week of contained a falsity, and on a subsequent the French Army France contends that Greek. The meeting, says the NC. Daily and his daughter have been kidnapped the strike with a committee of the Big occasion in the same proceedings the per- AUSTRALIAN EMIGRATION SCHEME
A dispatch from Five mediators and executives con son in peril of prosecution for perjury ahe possesses sovereign rights to impose Newe, was rather in a quandary over the and held for ransom.
Harbin, Manchuria, says that bandits ferring in New York, to the accompani-
Sir James Mitchell, Premier of Western nationality on foreigners, born in the mattor. The creek, badly needs dredging, have seized a train on the Chinese ment of the reports of outrages in several qualified or explained it he escaped the
Australia; Mr. Churchill, Secretary of State Protectorates. France refused to submit
The Chief Justice Your argument is, for the Calonies; and bicara, Amery and the dispute to arbitration whereupon ness to undertake the work, and the Eastern Railway. One Japanese and one sections of the country. Two bombe experil of prosecution.
"ploded in the vicinity of Roundhouse Britain handed over the dispute to the Association, hesitates to allow foreigners Russian have been killed
Hotel, housing workers of Chicago and apparently, that I am bound to accept as MacNaughton, chairman and vice-chairman eague Council which is meeting on Aug
Alton Round House twenty miles south true the statements in the second affidavit respectively of the overseas settlement sith...
of Jacksonville, Illinois. During the Mr. Zeitlyn On the authorities, it does committee, have agreed to a draft emigra following night there were incidents of rail not matter whether the explanation is true tion scheme, subject to Mr. Hughes's co- for the work, and to approach the Civil Governor in the matter of funds. The railroad Executives and the Shop greasing and cutting air hose. Citizens or falad: it only matters whether the currence.It is understood that it is explanation explains that part of the proposed that the Commonwealth Govern
28,000,000 for Chiness Chamber of Commerce has also Craft Leaders are leaving for home to are terrorized.entral train was stoned document that, without it, could be assignment should flost a loan of
unrpose carrying
ying out the scheme, Great Britain, the Commonwealth and written to the Civil Governor, informing re-align their forces for a fight to the near New Orleans and there was aned as perjury The famous. Italian airman, Brakpapa, him that foreigners are deepening the finish. The Unions says they are prepar attempt to dynamite a bridge, near The Chief Justice: I do not read the Western Australia each to be responsible ana Fist R.700 aeroplane, flow a mensur. creek and are thereby snatching awayed to hold out until they win The Sanish Lake, Missouri, & railroad forecasca as going to the extent you suggest for one third of the annual interest pay
The Court then adjourned until today ment Otherwise the agreement practically. China's sovereign rights." They ask for Executives say we will break the strike man's home at Jacksonville, Florida, has
been dynamited and disorder is reported and the Chief Justice intimated that he follows the scheme submitted to the inter-
State Premiers' Conferrence. a government grant so that the work can within a week.!!
from Garett, Indians.
would then give a ruling.
WORLD'S AVIATION RECORD, -AN- ITALIAN : CLAIM,
TORIN, August 27th
ed kilometre at the rate of over 210 miles
per hour, which is claimed to be a world's record
no Chinese authority has shown any readi
to tackle it lest the sovereign rights of China be infringed. It was decided to hold the "Board of Managers" responsible
The
LATEST RAIL STRIKE NEWS,
NEW YORK.
(Continued at fent of sext column.) bo undertaken by the Chinang themselves,
ད
!!
of