THE HONGKONG DAILY" PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 4TH, 2921.
DODWELL & CO., LIMITED.
V
Regular Sailinge to
NEW YORK and/or BOSTON
Via Sava or Panama Canals at Owners Option,
LLOYD TRIESTINO.
TAKING CARGO ON THROUGH BILLS OF LADING FOR LEVANT BLACK SEA & DANUDE PÒRTS.
FIUME having been re-opencil for traffic, curqu is also accepted for this part wn through Bill of Lading,
FOR BRINDISI, VENICE & TRIESTE
vin SINGAPORE, PENANG & COLOMBO."
...sailing un or about 13th June. "INNSBRUCK ".
..iling on or about 15th June .....iling on oe about 20th June.
"AQUILEIA"
"NIPPON".
FOR
"CILICIA"...
SHANGHAI,
sailing on or about 20th Jane. Pasmongers' Luggage can be insured at the Office of the Agents
NATAL LINE OF STEAMERS.
Regular Passenger and Cargo Service to
SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS from CALCUTTA & COLOMBO, Through Bill of Lading issued from Hongkong.
For Freight or Passage on any of the above Lines apply to:-
DODWELL & CO., LIMITED,
Agente.
N. Y. K.
NIPPON YUSEN
KAISHA
MILINGE FROM HONGKONU, SVEJOS TO ALTERATION.
CHEMICALS IN WAR..
GERMANY'S ADVANTAGE.
a British mission, La February, 1910, a bend by Brigadier General H. Hartley, Controller of the Chemienl Warfare De- partment of the Ministry, of Munitions, was appointed to visit German chemical nad factories in the occupied territory, daly presented a report on the re its belated sults of the investigation, publication in no vise affects the value of the lesson it seeks to enforce, namely, the necessity for our possessing a highly organised chemical industry, if we are to embark on any future war on equal torms with Germany.
cases were
On the whole; the mission found that the German methods for the manufacture of explosives as exemplified in the works sitnad in the occupied territories, were not superior, and it suuner inferior, to the methods in use in the big national factorier erected in England during the war. It is doubtful if effi ciencies in any of the German works reached the very high levels which were attained by the best English inctories. As the bulk of the gas used by the Ger mans had bec made in the factories in the occupied zone, the mission was able to get very full infgrination both as to. the method of manufacture and the scale of production. The most striking fea ture was the fact that the bulk of the
plant employed for the production of poison, gas had been in existence prior to the war for the manufacture of dye- stuffs or pharmaceutical products.
A comparison of the facilities for the production of poison gas existing, in Ureat Britain and in Germany at the outbreak of war shows the great diand. vantage at which we were placed in this respect. In Great Britain, where the manufacture of organic chemicals had not developed, there was practically no apparatus available which could be utilised for making the gases used dur ing the later period of the war, and con sequently all the plant required had to bo designed and constructed. months elapsing before output could com
where suitable Lu Germany. plant already existed, supplies of a new gas could be manufactured in a much shorter time, and production on a large scale was greatly facilitated, thus illus trating the great military value of a well-organised dye and fine chemical in-
mence.
dustry.
No arrangements appear to have been made prior to the outbreak of war to utilies the resources of any of the Ger- man dye factorien for war purposes.. After the battle of the Marne the Gov- ornment realised the need for expanding the output of explosives, and most of the chemical works were producing small quantities by the end of 1014. The de- mands made on them increased during
SEATTLE & VICTORIA or VANCOUVER via Manila, Keelung, 115, but it was not until 1918 that plans
Shanghai & Japan porta
Cargo to Overland Polata U.B. in connection with Great Northern Northern Pacific and Chicago, Milwaukos & St. Paul Bailways.
KATORI MARU...
KASHIMA MARU
3UWA MABU
FUSHIMI MARU...
(omitting Manila)
Friday,
Tuesday, Friday, Tassday,
17th June, at 11a.m.
18th July, an îl am, 29th July, at 11 am 23rd Aug,, as El_sm.
was laid down to assist in the enormous production of explosives required by the Most of the Hindenburg programme. big extensions of the synthetic ammonia this tim muy plants date from chemists being released from the army. and the scientific staff of some of the Standardised works being augmented. plant used for the manufacture of dyes was converted for the production of ex-
LONDON & ANTWERP is dingapore, Penang, Colombo, Bues plosives with remarkable spend: for in-
Port Baid and Marseilles.
ATSUTA MABU.
SHIDZUOKA MAKU
KAGA MARU
YOKOHAMA MARUF.....
-
Friday
Friday,
Friday,
Friday,
10th June, at 11 am
24th Jane, at li am
Sub Jaly, as 11 am. 22nd July, at 11 x.m;
HAMBURG, MARSEILLES, LONDON & ROTTØRDAM.
LIVERPOOL & MARSEILLES via Suez.
stance, at Loverkusen & T.N.T. plant producing 30 tons per month was put into operation in six weeks.
As
regards poison gas, at first chlorine and phosgou were the main require
A variety of ments, but afterwards
We74: croployed. organic substances Many of these substances were now, and dificult to prepare, and rapid produc tion was only possible owing to the speed
the with which the peace organisation of dye factories could be utilised for, this
MELBOURNE & SYDNEY vis Manila, Zamboanga, Thursday purpose. When the Government wished
Island, Townsville & Brisbane.
TANGO MARU
NIKKO MARU
AKI MARU
20
NEW YORK VIA PANAMA.
TOBA MARD
HAKODATE MARU
-
Tuesday,
Trenday,
Tuesday,
21st June, 11 am. 19th July, 4 11 1. 16th Aag, at 11 mm.
Friday, 24th June.
Bad of July.
Sunday,
Friday
19th June,
10th June.
SOUTH AMERICAN PORTS yls CAPE,
AWA MARU
1+2
BOMBAY & COLOMBO vis Bingapore.
TATSUNO MARU
DALOUTTA & RANGOON vs Singapore & Pensnea
Ar
་་་
Monday,
Friday,
JAPAN PORTS—Nagasald, Kobe a Yokohama.
MALACCA MAHU
NIKKO MARU
TSURUGA MARU
TOTOMI MARU
164
Foo
SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA,
YOKOHAMA MARU
RANGOON HABU
8th June.
17th Jane, at 11 am
4th June
6th June.
Saturday, Monday, Monday, 13th Jane, at 11 am
14th June. ...Tuesday,
For further information apply 10- NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA
Telephone Nos. 29% de 233.
B. YASUDA, Manager.
YAMASHITAKISEN K
KAISHA.
(THE YAMASHITA S.S. Co. Lro.)
REGULAR FREIGHT & PASSENGER "SERVICE
BETWEEN
KEELUNG, HONGKONG & HAIPHONG.
Sailing from Hongkong.
FOR HAIPHONG via Pakbol
8.8.HOZUI MARU ***
on or about 7th Jane.
FOR KEELUNG vla Swatow & Amoy
89. “TAIKWA MARU "
en ar about 7th June.
For further particulare, lease apply to
No. 37, Bapham Strand, Weet,
Tel No. 185.
Branch Co
M. KOBAYASHI, AGENT, Top Floor, King Building,
Tel. No. 140.
to introduce a new gas, a conference of the various firms was held at Berlin, try.. determine how the manufacture should- he sub-divided in order to use existing plant to be best advantage. For in- stance, the initial stages of the manufac ture of mustard gas were carried out at Ludwigshafen and the final stage at Leverkusen,
Statistics of the output of explosives and gas, quoted by the mission, show the great military value of the German chemical factories, which, thanks to their highly-trained personnel and the great technical resoures of their pence organisations, were rapidly converted to war purposes. In the future (says the report) it is clear that every chemical factory must be regarded as a potential areepal, and other nations cannot; there fore, submit to the domination of certain For sections of chemical industry which Ger many exercised before the war. military security it is essential that each country should have its chemical industry firmly established.".
to
1.
A
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SAILINGS, SUBJECT TO ALTERATION
KOBE
BANGKUK Vis SWATOWN
SANDAKAN
HAIPHONG T HOIHOW
STRAITS MALOUTTA ..
TIENTSIN....
MANILA
"FOOKSANG"
"LEESANG
HINSANG"
"TAKSANG"
Sat.
4th Jan,
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Tues
7th June, 19.00. 7th June,
Noon.
...Wod.
8th June, Noon,
SEANGLAI, THE TAO vis Sazow TUNGSHING d
SHANGHAI
Soh Jane, 9.00
"KWAISANG".Thurs, 9th Jane,
"UHIPSHING" Fri, "WINGSANG"...Fr
pa
10th June, Dlight. 10th June, 3 pus
... "CHOYSANG"...Wed, 18th Jane. D'light.
CALOUTTA LINE:-This Line Affords rogalar sailings to" Calcutta. Penang ant Singapore; turning frou Cale itea staama peoseid vis Strait and Hongkong to Japan, occasionally calling at Shanghai. All steamers have excellent patcugor accaminolation. are litted with Electric Light and Fans mail carry a fully-qualified Surgeon
SHANGHAI LINE:-Sailings approximately every five days bobwodin Usutan nud Shanghai, sometimes calling at Satow Through tickets can obtained and through Bill of Lading are imed to all Northern and Yangtazo l'orts vin Shanghal "LINE:—A weekly service is
MANILA
be
sailings from both ports every Friday. passenger seconnexantained with Manila by vasols with good HAIPHONG LINK:-Sailings approximately weekly for passengers and cargo, calling at dushow when inlacement offers. BORNEU. LINE-One waiting per month between Hongkong auf Sinilakan by
steamer having up-to-date accommodation for passengers. Cargo taken on through Bills of Lading for Kandat, Jesselton
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Hongkong Daily Press.
sent war has shown that rapid production
war production The key to Germany's the production of ammonia from atmos pherle nitrogen. It is significant that of explosives was the Haber process for large scale production by this process only began at the end of 1912, and that in the early part of 1914 great pressure was put on the Radische Company
During the war, increase its output. owing to the extensions of the Haber plants at Oppau and Merseburg, Ger many bas become independent of foreign countries for her supplies of ammonia and nitric acid, substances indispensable for the manufacture not only of high exple of a new gas is essential if the surprise sives but also of fertilisers for food pro duction, Without such process Gera well-developed organic chemical in- many could not have made the nitrio dustry will be severely handicapped in acid required for her explosives pro this respect. gramme, nor obtained fortifiers for production after the supply of Chile saltpretre had been stopped by our blockade, and it is probable that she could not have continued the war after 1916. In the event of another war we might be cut off from supplies of sit petra while Germany would be indepen dont of them.
is to bo effective. Any country without.
Bovicwing the position of chemical ́in- dustry in Great Britain and Germany at the date of the report, the mission stated that the general impression gained was that the technical practice in the fac- tories visited was not markedly superior to that obtaining in England at the end inferior. of the war, and in some respecta it wa
main source of the The The resources of the German dye in- strength of the German chemical in- dustry are of no less military import dustry appeared to be in its organisa anse. Most of the gases employed tion and in the large scale of its pro towards the end of the war were complex daction, which had been made possiblo organic substances, none of, which had by the ample financial support it had boen made previously except in small received. By means of these advantages quantitice, and some of which were pre- Germany had been able to cheaper pro- duction and establish a strong economic pared for the first time during the war. Ung warfare will undoubtedly continue position, and to secure the development However, the develop in this direction, and in the of the industry by the large sums to
be en-
to technical research.
British chemical in- future organic substances ployed, which we do not day rapid growth The mao of gas will always offer great dustry during the war proved that it opportunities for surprise in military could compete successfully with Germany operations, and the experience of the pre provided that reconstraction was under-
taken on a enfisently large scale. (Continued at foot of next column.)
via Swatow, by four steamers fitted with up-m-dste" passenger accommodation.
CALCUTTA
LINE.
$5. "KWAISANG" will be despatched on or about Thursday, 9th June, at 3 p.m., for SINGAPORE, PENANG & CALOUTTA
Through Bills of Lading issued to RANGOON, PORT BWET- TENHAM, MADRAS and DUTCH EAST INDIES.
For Freight or Passage apply to-
TPHONE NO. 415.
Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd.
GENERAL MANAGERS.
SHIRE
GLEN
AND
Joint Service of Steamers.
U.K.-STRAITS. CHINA & JAPAN SERVICE.
OUTWARDS.
Vessel
8.8. GLENAVY
Vessel
SS GLENOGLETM "GLENGYLE "
HOMEWARDS..
Leaves Hongkơng
17th Jané 2nd July
Due Hongkong
10th June,
Discharges
LONDON, ROTTerdan & HandUÉG. GENOA, LONDON & HULL.
Movementa are subject to change without notice. For tesight or farther particulars please apply to m
Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. The Glen Line, Ltd., agents.
Tel. No. 1 b. 5. er 29 and 3696.
Cable Address Kawakisen, Kobs, Bentley's &.B,C, 6th B. and Boott's Codes,
KAWASAKI
KISEN
10
Telephone: Sannamly 3844, 3339.
(KAWASAKI STEAMSHIP CO.)
CAPITAL PAID-UP
KAISHA
¥20.000.000
President: Mr. Y. Kawasi. Vice-President: Mr. K. MarguKATA. Managing Director: Mr. Masaya ÁNH.
The Company has on hand a Large Number of
NEW CARGO
STEAMERS
ALWAYS READY FOR CHARTERS of all descriptions.
The following are comprised in the Company's Foot
Eleven steamers of 9.100 tons each deadweight.
And under the Company's Management
Twenty steamera of about 9,100 tons deadweight back. Two steamers of about 6,400 tons deadweight each. (Belonging to the Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Ltd.)
For Charter Bales and all other particulare apply to the
KAWASAKI KISEN KAISHA.
No. 8, Buan, Koum.“