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THE
WAR.
(Continued from Page 5.)
General.
{THROUGH ACUTER'S AGENCY.] THE REQUISITIONING OF DUTCH SHIPPING.
NECESSARY TO PREVENT THE IMMOBILISATION OF DUTCH
TONNAGE
LONDON, May 1st,
The British reply to the Netherlands Note concerning the requisitioning of Dutch shipping in Allied poris regrets that allegations published in the Netherlands are calculated to raise misconception as to what occurred since the Anglo- Dutch negotiations began in London in November, 1917.
The Reply traces the negotiations which led to, drawing up a proposed basis of agretment, which Holland failed to catify.
Referring to the modes rivendi agree. tuent reached on January 20th regarding shipping between the Netherlands and the United States, the reply states that this undoubtedly broke flown owing to Gerinna opposition. The same influence operated in the case of the tonnage clauses in the proposed basis of agree
ment,
The British reply points out that the subsequent effort to arrive at a mutual uragement. Was nullified by the Nether lands objection to the employment of the ships for military purposes or to their being armed. Thereupon, requisitioning, which had been already mooted to the Dutch delegate, became inevitable; other. wise; the Central Powers would achieve their very object of immobilising Dutch The British assurances given tonnage on March 21st regarding the conditions under which the ships were requisitioned are now clearly re-stated and re-affirmed.
It is pointed out that they embrace no substantial departure from the agree ment originally proposed.
The reply mentions that the associated Governments recently extended fucilitica for the shipment of American grain to
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, MAY 3RD 1918.
THE SEIZURE OF DUTCH THE SOLDIERS OF FRANCE. WOMEN CAN KEEP A SECRET
SHIPS.
WEIGHT OF AUTHORITY ESTAB LISHES THE RIGHT,
[DY EDWIN PUGH, THE WELL-KNOWN
**NOVELIST.]
Since the beginning of the war women have proved pretty conclusively that they cannot master.
[BY WILLIAM H. TAFT, EX-PRESIDENT OF THE obscured a little her ancient fame there are comparatively few men's jobs
IS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA]
All the world, since the War began, has recognized the splendid qualities of the French soldier and admired his un surpassed prowess. The defeat of France Ju 1870 had for the present generation arms; and of recent years it was Ger many which in the eyes of Europe stood forth as the type example of a military On the land, on the railways, in the nation. The Germans were indeed in workshops, amid the vehicular traffic of pregunted with military ideas and ens the crowded streets in a hundred new, many was conscions at every citizen, and dangerous, they are doing work now tons. Even the casual traveller in Gorunuccitstomed gecipations, alike exacting Prohibitions met, the oye everywhere that only a little while ago, seemed to Many an innocent English tourist has require all a man's strength and skill orders to keep to the right in crossing been fined for neglecting to obey the and Borve a bridge. I have a friend who was at rested because, when he was walking in the streets of a German town with thres companions, the four happened to keep step, and this was considered to be dis- respecto one dared to make, any com- the military step of the plaint against the Army, however out rageously the officers behaved. could kill civilians imaginary prvocation, and redo que mir punishment. The Kaiser's uniform was sacred:
77
But perhaps what most amazes business and professional men is that they should have made good as clerks.
It may be urged at first sight that there is nothing particularly dificult or ought to be as easy to wield a pen as a arduous about a clerk's work that is? needle, to manipulate a typewriter is a They sewing machine. And that
enough, I dare say. Only that is not
the point.
true
looked as if it would reciprocally relieve the situation if the tonnage were requis Lioned, but two months had elapsed dur ing which the Netherlands Government had remained silent, although the situa tion was materially changed.
Nevertheless the Associated Govern ments who would have greatly preferred
The question of the right of the United an arranger int by mutual consent, made States to seize the Dutch ships now in another determined effort to reach a our ports and pay full compensation or satisfactory conclusion by submitting a then is a nice one. It is asserted under proposal which the Netherlands Govern what is called the right of angery. This ment rccepted in form on March 17th, literally means the right of transport, but coupled with conditions which made It was a right anciently exercised by
belligerent to seize vessels of neutrals for the acceptance nugatory. The Nether the transport of his troops and munitions. lands implied that the new condition: general principle of international law that neutral property in belligerent were necessary from the point of view territory shares the same liability to i
aure for war purposes as property of Army. of neutrality. This was not supported refizens of the country. The justice by International Law. It was merely of the application of the principle to rule which the Netherlands Government ships temporarily, or to use Hnil's
passingly." in the port of a belligerent has been questioned, but the weight of
Before the war there was considerable had made for themselves, as the Dutch
authority among text writers seems to be Foreign Minister had himself stated.
All this rigid system and idolatry of prejudice anong business and profes. The rejection of the British offer made that such vessels may be seized in cases
of military necessity upon tender of full the military idea are in completo con- sional men against the idea of womes And acting as elerks. They were never em- the requisitioning of tonnage inevitable, empensation Moreover, ships which
trast with the French traditions. unless a state of t things was to continuave been in our ports for six months yet though the Germans are so military played in banks, in solicitors' offices, or
or more, detained because of their pur. which it was the object of the Central pose to carry cargoes of grain ultim te nation, the individual German is not (I think) in the offices of insurance con Frenchman. He has not other offices from which they were na Relics, can hardly be the individ as a fighting man withpanies. And doubtless there were many the high spirit, nor the cleverness, nor rigorously excluded. They were cheaper the chivalry of the French soldier. The than men clerks, and it had never been Germans are good and brave soldiers, demonstrably proved that they were less but the aim of the Garmun system is to efficient. No the objection to them kill all initiative and individual will
was that they were not so trustworthy as men that most of them. could not be power in the soldier, so that he may simply obay like a machine. But there relied on to keep a secret, and therefore is nothing machine-like about the French it was unwise to allow them the least army. It is not drilled into stiffness; it insight into the details of private and.. does not aim at making a fine appear ante on parade. It does not go m for indential transactions. spectacle and ceremony its purpose 13 real business of fighting. And the Trench soldier, always remains a human icing he is elastic both in body and mind. If his officers are killed in battle he is not lost and bewildered as the Ger man so often is because he has been trained never to act except on an order The French soldier keeps his native in telligence and is as full of resource
In the German army the of courage. officers regard themselves as beings of another race from the privates, whom they despise; and the privates have ro love for their officers. They have often in this war heen known to shoot officers who had ill-treated them, when they had a chance to do so during a battle. And when taken prisoner a German officer considers himself insulted it put in the same room or railway carriage with his
bur
Powers to achieve, namely, the immodestined for
said to be passingly
here. They are bilisation of Dutch shipping,
doing no good to any one now. Why should we not use them if we give full compensation to their owners?
of
ELECTORAL REFORM IN
PRUSSIA
LIVELY" DEBATE.
Herr Hoffmann (Socialist), aunid shouts Traitor," said he would call on the soldiers at the front to cease fighting
The motion was rejected by 3 roles
to 60.
structing the passage
$
to
be
..
Speaking ut first hand, from ray owu eight years experience of a solicitor's attice, I can say without any paitering clients' that it was thought most of them would be sure to gossip about our affairs. We imagined them as discussing with their friends and neighbours, and especially the members of their own family, all manner of family scandals and other delicate isso that we men were in honour bound to say nothing. about
It is an interesting circumstance that the most modern instance of the assertion of this right before this war was by Count Bismarck in the war of 1870. He asserted it against Great Britain, & net Eral. The Prussians seized six British colliers in the Seine, near Rouen, a plas AMSTERDAM, May 1st,
within German military jurisdiction for
them and on In the Prussian Diet, Herr Spee the udhe pasage of Freneli gunboats (Centre) moved the adjournment of the on the Beine Bismarck defended the Electoral Reform Bill ill after the war! action as one of necessity, which even in time of peace may render the employ Minister Friedberg said that postponement of destruction of foreign property hient would mean the gravést danger to admissible under reservation of indemn
acation.
Ho
continued: "1 take the Linterand · peace
opportunity of calling to mind that a similar right in time of war has become
peculiar institute of law, the Angariae, which as high an authority as Sir Robert Phillimore defines thus
That a belligerent Power demands and makes use of foreign ships, even such as are not in inland waters, but in ports and roadstendy within its jurisdiction, and even compels the crews to transport troops, ammunition and implements of warfare." England acquiesced in the legality of the seizure on payment of fuli compensation This view, thus agreed essor of international law at Cambridge,
is kustained by Oppenheim, pro England; by Coleman Philipson; and, indeed, by most international jurists, in cluding the Germans. Dana and Lawrence vigorously dissent. It is also declared to be the law in the United
An analogous right of land to Herr Porich (Centre) promised that neutral railway-cars in case of absolutemetimes taking, great trouble to look
necessity is reluctantly recognised in the the majority of his party would voto for second Bague Convention if compensa-out trains for them, and giving them traying this trust in his integrity. It is
tion is given. Prussia exercised the
friendly smile useful directions and The debate was adjourned.
right in respect to Swiss railway-cars in parting. Such behaviour seems natural the war of 1870 On the same principle, to the French, as to the English; but it
is quite contrary to Great Britain in 1914 scized four vessels
German nations. of Turkey (then a neutral) building in The Germans want to make the soldier something quite inhuman, but in the Perhaps a distinction might be made in French army the human relation always that these vessels were not yet afloat.
prevails over the official military rela tion.
Count Hertling said that the Govern ment would not accept the clause in fav our of plutocratic suffrage, because they considered the promise of equal suffrage must be redeemed, but the Government would benevolently examino suggestions for preventing too radical reforms.
Count Hertling warned the House that
from it later, amid national convulsions.
wen.
to
For it is a mistake to suppose, when you have breathed your innermost soul into a solicitor's car, that what you lava told him gees no farther. It goes no farther than the outer walls of his othice. But no solicitor could ever cry on his business properly who tried In France on the contrary, the withhold his clients secrets from the relations between officers and men are knowledge of his clerke, even if it were respectful, but independent. They con cordial and affectionate. The men are possible for him to do so. And what is true of a solicitor's office is inore or fide in their officers, who in turn care for their men and share hardship and danger with them. Travelling lately in France I noticed how often a soldier who was in difficulty about his route would go up to an officer and ask for
and advices r help
attend to with
tery, requests
less true of every other office.
If solicitors and other clerks told only, atithe of all they know about what is hidden not only from the public but also from intimate connections of the parties concerned, the whole fabric of society would totter, to its fall. And have
what was refused to day might be wrus States naval war code and the officers would now course never heard or known of any clurk be
the Bill
Holland. Gat Britain expresses its FIJI OFFERS MORE MEN AND English Shipyards, and paid for them
perfect willingness to continue negotia tions for an economic agreement.
LATER
MONEY.
AUCKLAND, May 1st.
The Fiji Legislative Council passed a While recognising that the Dutch delegates who discussed the outstanding resolution offering the Imperial Govern questions at the end of last year between ment further men and money. the Netherlands and the associated Gov M
AMERICA
ernments were not plenipotentaries, His THE CONSPIRACY TRIAL IN to see, however, why extent of the ap Majesty's Government repudiates the suggestion that the negotiations :"wers' merely preliminaries.
upon which
the Netherlands should subsequently make proposals. This view is supported by the Netherlands Government's letter
HEAVY SENTENCES:
SAN FRANCISCO, May Isl. Herr Bopp, mentioned on April 24th,
to the Dutch delegatos, which is quoted and von Shack have cack been sentenced to the maximum two years' imprisonment A proposed basis of agreement was drawa ap, settling the main principles,in a penitentiary, and a $10,000 fine"
Von Brincken, ex-German military and the Dutch delegates returned to Holland to explain and obtain confirma attache, way sentenced to two years tion of their proposals. At the end of imprisonment... January His Majesty's Government was given to understand that the Dutch reply might be expected in a few days, and that it would be favourable. A re ply, however, never came, Meanwhile,
Capelle, former North-German Lloyd agent, was sentenced to 15 months in prisonment, and the others to lessor
sentences.
GERMANY'S CONTEMPT FOR THE RULES OF WAR.
The Judge said that the punishment on January 20th, the arrangement of the was wholly inadequate for the Germa so-called Modus Virendi was settled defendants, who represented a system. whereby certain Dutch vessels could be that the civilised world cannot tolerate. used immediately outside the submarine zone, of which 150,000 tons might be employed for Belgian relief. On the departure of a Belgian relief ship to Holland a corresponding ship should sail from Holland to the United States, The Modue Vivendi broke down owing to German opposition. Only nine Dutch vessels out of sixty-five lying in Americao ports had eailed by the enl of February
BELGIANS FORCED TO WORK:
MILITARILY BEHIND THE LINES,
LONDON, April 30th.
Reuter learns that 25,000 Belgien men
of
ut
A Colonel always addresses his regiment as "My children."
-
a tradition among clerks ns sacred as the Kiss-and-never tell tradition of every true man
But when women are kissed-or sco others kissing-thiey often do tell,
Would they be any more reticent about. business affairs than they are about love affairs? It was generally assumed that Doctor Loudon the Minister for
they would not. And so they were never permitted to enter the office of any Foreign Affairs of Holland, insists that number of veseals it does not exist as not the fault of her soldiers, who fought most intimate self-revelations and inviol whatever the right may be as to a small If France was defcated in 1870 it was business or professional man to whom the to a commercial marine of half-a-million magnificently. It was the fault of badly able confidences were the mere common- tops en bloc. It is certainly true that chosen generala of incompetent politi places of his everyday routine the right has never been applied sox signs, and a total lack of adequate pre- until the war broke out and it was found tensively as now proposed. It is hard paration. But throughout her history impossible to do without them even as
France has always shone in material clerks. plication of the principles should change qualities, and has produced ideal types And now they are everywhere: There the rale
The ships are within our of the knightly, chivalrous warrior. The are very few offices, lare or stafi, in jurisdiction, and have been here for six Chevalier Bayard, without fear and which you will not fid at least one
or more because they do not without reproach," is the counterpart of woman clerk taking the place of a with our lawful regulations noble heroes like Kusunoki Masashige former man clerk. They are the reposi- comply our foreign trade. We did not induce whose names are revered in Japan. Wo their coming in such numbers. They are English, above all nations, know what the tory of all kinds of momentous secrets
Our right to seize them rests French are like in war.
For we have just a their male predecessors were. their being within our territory. This
and each has learnt to respect the other a rule, all there is to know about what American citizens to seizure for war pur makes them just as liable as property of fought against them during centuries, They know just as much and that is, as in victory as in defeat. One of our old happens behind the scenes as 1 and my poses, if our military need for them is poets, Sir Philip Sidney, who was also fellow clerks knew in the old days. great.
Such need certainly exists in a heroic soldier and died in battle, called And they have proved themselves just as view of the critical condition of our France our sweet enemy" and however trustworthy.
During this war there have been be transport and our imperative obligation much we have fought the French, we have to feed our soldiers and our Allies always admired them. After the defeat trayals of faith, breaches of confidence. abroad. course, to
It will be well, of course, to secure the of Napoleon at Waterloo, the English There have been some ugly scandals and. army marched through France to Paris exposures. There have been cases of vessels by agreement with Holland. This with the Prussians, then their Allies blackmail and bribery. But in none of we undoubtedly could do but for Ger- The Prussians pillaged the country wher these cases has the name of any woman many intervention and threat. Ger- ever they went, and the Prussing general clerk appeared. Instances of venality, many has no just right to complain of wanted to exact in enormous fine from among women clerks have been, and are Holland for agreeing to the sale of ves- | Paris. Wellington prevented this, be- sciento us, when.
among men clerks. asserted, We France. And when the Prussians wanted angary, which is the modern right of cause we were fighting Napoleon, not still as hard to sock as ever they were could properly enforce such a sale
to blow up one of the bridges in Paris, he placed a British sentinel on the bridge They did not dare blow up that single sentinel and had to relinquish their pur рове
here.
THE ORONSA
Thus is exploded the old base gibe: if you want to tell a secret, don't tele- phone or telegraph, tell a woman Deity Mail.
by
A gentleman conversant with South During the present war French and American shipping informs us that the English have fought side by side, and sad the autumas. The father of today had thought of his children and grand- Orensa was not owned by the Pacific cach bus admired the other's qualities. Mail Steamship Company, as stated in Sope thousands of English men and children spending on these trees the same our issue of yesterday, but by the Pacific Women have also learned to know the loving care and enjoying in their turn Steam Navigation Company, of LiverFrench soldier well, because they have the bountiful produce and its value. pool, now controlled by the Royal Mail Sons out to France to serve in hospitale And as he felt for the fruit trees so the and ambulances attached to the French French soldier foit for the beautiful old Steam Packet Company She was a army. They have talked with him, mude buildings of his town or parish, which sister ship of the Ortego, a steamer that friends with him, shared his troubles also were rooted in the soil of the past will be remembered for her escape from And they are all agreed to love him. He and gave a continuance of dignity to the, the German cruiser Dresden. It was to is contented with Letle, fares hardly and communal life. But passing now through wards the end of 1914 that the late Capt does not complain. However simple Eastern France one sees shapeless ruin Kingier, of the Ortega, on his way from and unlettered, he
how to express artillery when
when there was not a single when the Netherlands requested a and boys are compelled to work miii. Valparaiso to Liverpool, sighted the of manner, and an innate courtesy after ruin, Arras was destroyed
13 soldier in the place and without even advance of 100,000 tons of wheat on the tarily behind the German linet in the Dresden waiting for him off the northern himself with grace. His painspired a pretence of military reason. Those of
entrance of the Straits of Magellan of a peculiar quality. It is not ground that practically all the ships had region of Valenciennes and Maubeuge Although the Ortega could only do 15 by the desire for his country's aggran us who bave wored for the Red Cross with the French have talked with many. knots against the German's 25 Captain disement as a State nor even mainly wit
the regions already sailed.
alone under the whin of German sentries Kianier swing his ship round and made by a consciousness of us greatness and a soldier who comes 10 families are The reply points out that the Dutch
The mortality in the deportes camps a dash for the uncharted waters and intimate, like the devotion of a
Glory. It is something more profound occupied by the enemy.
deep
municate with the outside world; and
grasp the situation, and, before he could
than three-quarters of the French dearest to them since the beginning of get the range, the English ship had got soldiers are cultivators of the land the war. What anguish of mind must ander cover without any shots touching When the Germans systematically cut be theirs, over and above the suffering of her. With his boats out ahead feeling down the fruit trees in the districts from their own wounds. Yet their spirits are way, Capt. Kisnier successfully which they were retreating, they knew not broken. They remain patient, evan navigated the canals and eventually that they were wounding France in a
and singularly gentle.
Nelson's Strait The German Captain, his mother. It is a feeling of there still; but are not allowed to com Note of March 30th produces the impresis terrible. Numbers are sent back 8 thinking his proy was secure, failed toment to the very soil of France. often these men have had no news of those
sion, that when the associated Govern ments ultimately requisitioned the Dutch Tonnage, the step taken was entirely un- expected. Yet, explicit intimations, to the effect that if the agreement was not reached other measures must be taken, were conveyed to the Netherlands on March
unft and replaced by fresh recruits.
JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS.
LONDON, April 30th.
the
Tho Pruss Bureau announces: The reached Sandy Point, a way that she would feel most acutely cerful ceruse of their ha
Right Hon. Sir Charles Swinfen Rady
the 8th and 19th__ Moreaver on March becomes Master of the Rolls, and AIr. H. Netherland's delegate, remain. E. Duke, K.C. MP, succeeds him as ing in London was informed that it Lord Justics of Appeal.
Ist
real
Both the Grona and Ortega have until Those old trees had been a delight in grandeur of France, the fibre of human recently been in the ran from Liverpool the spring time to the eyes of genera to the West Coast of South America, pro tions, and had repaid their careful tend ceeding in the Straits or Panama Canal, ing with abundant crops in the summers
(Continued at foot of next Column) as trattie required.
strength and beasty which has made France great in history, lives in these simple men-(Laurence Binyon in The | New Bust)