1918-05-03 — Page 7

MR. BALFOUR'S REPLY TO THE GERMAN CHANCELLOR BELGIUM AS A TOUCHSTONE OF

DIPLOMATIC HONESTY.

GERMAN MILITARISM NOT MERELY THE DOCTRINE OF A FEW

AMBITIOUS SOLDIERS.

The full text of Mr. Balfour's con- sidered reply to Count Hertling in the House of Commons recently was follows:-

asf

The hon. gentleman (Mr. Holt) hus referred to parts of a speech 1-made last]

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GERMAN NAVAL SECRETS.

statesman who now meete with the un- by sa fighting that Europe could be saved understand how any man can get up and qualified approval apparently of my hon, from the domination of one over-power say in the Reichstagi na Count Hertling NEW WARSHIPS AND A FLYING.

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friend say on this subject? He says: ing and aggressive nation (Cheers.) said, that the war Germany has been "By all means restore Belgium, We do It was because we fought for the balance waging is a defensive war. It was pro-

The popular belief that Germany's not want to stay there But we must take of power that we enved Frederick the voked by Germany, it was carried out care that it shall not become a jumping Great and the Prussian State of that day in accordance with doctrines perfectly shipbuilding activity during the war off ground of enemy machinations," from destruction. It was because we well known before war broke out, and has been limited to the output of sub- When was Belgium a jumping-off ground fought for the balance of power that we universally approved in Germany. It marines was never shared, writes Mr. of eneiny machinations? Why should enabled Prussia to recover that inde was no sudden outburst of passion that Hector C Bywater in the Evening pendence which bad been squeezed out made them drench the world in blood, it Standard, by those who were familiar Germany suppose that it is going to be a of her by the triumphans arms of was no doubt a miscalculation, because with her great shipyard resources, and jumping-off ground of -enemy machina Napoleon; and, in my opinion, it ill they thought their ends could be obtained it is now disproved by the publication becomes a German statesman, looking without the sacrifices which they have tions? (Cheers.) Belgium has been the back on the past, either to deride Eng forced upon themselves and unhappily on of authentic details of several large ruen- victim, not the author of these crimes. land's efforts for the balance of power the rest of mankind. But the plan itself, Why is it to be punished because Gur-o the gratitude which Germany owes as we all know now, was in old plan of war which have been commissioned in THE Homeward Mail Stanmor, carrying week. If I had any idea then that Count many was guilty (Cheers.) What sert England for the efforts she hes mads Nobody can even at this stage make them. the last year or two. Germany has now from this port sa ushal, taking Passengers in that connection. Cheers.) I go fur-selves noquainted with the tenour and

at sea a division of battleships as power- of conditions is it that Count Bertling ther and say that until German mili speculations in German newspapers and contemplates when he says that Belgium tarian is a thing of the past, until that Cernan reviews without seeing that the ful as the Queen Elizabeth Clusa, to must no longer be the jumping-off ground ideal is reached for which we all long old doctrines remain unaffected dominut which, ineed, they bear a close rescin- of enemy machinations? The hon gen under which there shall be an intering the intellectual life of a very large blance. They are of 25,000 tons, and tleman appears to think that Count Hert nationul court armed with executive and by no means the least able, portion tion is unster of explicit statement. power, so that the weak may be as safe of their population. It is not merely the carry an armament of eight 15-inch guns, It is a pity that he did not state: ex-as the strong (chcore) until that time doctrine of a few, ambitious soldiers, it but their speed does not exceed twenty

comes it will never be possible to ignore is

is a profound mistake to suppose that plicitly what he meant by that the principles of action which undering German militarism means simply the three knots. The completion of these

Mr. Holt He meant nothing. (4 the struggles for the balance of

if Count On the contrary, it is the deliberato

to Mr. Balfour: The hon. gentleman can Hertling really wants to render the intention of a large and important section the German readnought fleet up malion 1 had received on the subject be a harsh critic of Count Hertling as balance of powor an antiquated ideal he of intellectual Germany to use all wrn twenty ono units, though it is probable induced me to believe the speeches of well as an unkind critic of myself. In must induce his countrymen to give up pons, military and economic, to give to I that three of the number have been lost pply to

that

policy of ambitious domination their country that dominating position either of Futland or through British sub- durerin nad the German Chan some cases he does more than just which overshadows the world at this which they think is its right, and they marine attacks. Two battle-cruisers aro vellor were made after, and with, full but in this ease he does something less which consultation, and I do not think I did than justice to that distinguished states-moment, which is the real enemy and the cannot understand why the rest of the known to have been completed since the We know the sort of thing that destruction of which alone would bring world does not agree with them. They war, so that six or seven such vessels Any substantial injustice to Count Czernin, and if I did I greatly regret it. I think Mr. Holt lías misinterpreted one very

Czernin's speech of some days before that was going to be discussed I would not have laid myself open to the charge which has been made of any inaccuracy against him. But I do not think 1 really. misinterpreted the substance of Count Czernin's speech. 1 do not believe be separate himself from the statement made by his German colleague. All the infor

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(Count Czernin) meant in the least to Hon. Memmer: Go to Hexham.) which our forefathers engaged Wer in domination of a military cast in isolation. ships bringe the estimated strength of 3 P. the day before.sailing. The contents

important statement of Count Czernin about Poland it was an am biguous statement--and 1 do not feci quite sure that President Wilson has not also put a more favourable interpreta tion on it than it deserved. The hou,

an.

Count Hertling has in mind, we know what 4 German always does mean when he talks of economic freedom and frontier security. Mo always means im posing some commercial trammels upon weaker neighbour, or appropriating order to some of his territory in strengthen his own frontier (Cheers.)

here

are quite ready in the great cause, not

are now in the North Sea. If the most merely to spend their blood, treasure. liberal estimate of German war losses is life. not merely to undergo great sacri accepted, it will be found that the fices, but to decorate the idol of their enemy's battle feet is still very formid- ambitions with every sort of fine phrase able, including as it does not less that about a defensive war and economic twenty-five all big-gun ships, besides a independence, and all the rest of it. When score of older but fairly effective iron- you get to the bottom of those phrases, clads. you always find a defensive war means A strenuous effort appears to have territory, and economic security is in which were sunk in large numbers in the oconomic policy which is going to put brst few months of the war About some other nation in economic letters for twenty new cruisers are now in service your advantage. It is a most deplorable or completing, and others are believed to and most unhappy condition of things. be under codon. It is interesting

to find

Kentleruan talks as if it was the desire of um períectly certain that if the hon into stated from paragraph a war which is going to extend your been made to replace the light cruisers

PRESIDENT WILSON'S FOUR PRINCIPLES.

GEBMANY'S AMBITIONS.

Superintadent.

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[HOW

Karlsruhe Konty- CHINA, JAPAN, STRAITS BETTLE bery, and Nurnberg in the list, all com- memorating ships lost in the war. The MENTS, INDO-OHINA, new Emden and her sisters are more

PHILIPPINES, ETO. powerful than their predecessors, being 5.100 tons in displacement, with a speed of twenty eight knots, and carry tea 100- pounder quick firing guns

FLYING MINÈLAYER

In addition the Germans have evolved a novel type of light cruiser which may

us peace now and for over.

I return to the third and fourth pria ciples laid down by President Wilson

What should be regarded in all peace arrangements is the interest and benefit of the populations concerned"! I wish the House to consider how Count Hert! ing desires to see that principle carried and embodied in the policy Count Czernin to re-establish the ancient gentleman will take the trouble to look of the Ho mentions three coun kingdom of Poland, so far as that is a back through the various speculations on tries which he desires to sec: restored to Polish nationality upon an inde the question of Belgium, of which the the Turk Armenia, Palestine, and I think the words he German papers have been full ever since Mesopotamis. Does the hon?! getleman pendent basis. used may cover that interpretation. the beginning of the war, he will ac, consider that the interest and benefit do not think that was Count Czernin's and he will always see, that by the phrase of the populations in those areas is going meaning, and my reason is this: You used by Count Hertling as to making use to be consulted by transferring them I have spoken quite openly and frankly sannot completely or adequately carry of Belgium as a jumping-off ground of backs to Turkish masters ? Count Hertl about an eminent contemporary states out any policy of tant bind without re-enemy machinations, when they deal with ing nocuses us of being animated by then and about a great nation. I have storing to Poland those provinces ravish those sorts of problem they always have purely ambitious designs when we invade the less remorse in doing it, as Count ed from her by Germany at the time of in their minds the restoring of Belgium Mesopotamia, when we capture, Jerusa Hertling did not hesitate to use very the partition or since, and which are to which shall be subject to Germany by lem, and, I suppose, he conceived that strong language about the British Empire a very great extent inhabited by Poles various new conditions, either territorial, the former Russin was aniniated by and the notion of which we are citizens: I do not know whether the hon. member or commercial, or military, which will pre-purely ambitious designs when she oceu There is nothing in the world I am more thinks that is Count Czernin's policy. vent them having an independent place pied Armenis. But Turkey picked in certain of than this, that the impartial Criticism has been made on my rather among the nations of Europe, of which quarrel with us for purely ambitious pux historian looking back critically at Ger- ancient speech-on the statement that Germany has tried to deprive them, he possession of promised by: Germany man theories and German practice and aptly badescribed as a "flying mirplayer

the of Egypt It diplomacy was out of court. It is quite but which Germany and ourselves are to get Egypt, and at 13 was in order comparing them with British theories and the first four representatives of thin animated by with British practice will say that while thass are named Bremse, Bremer, Hum- evident that diplomacy is out of court in pledged to preserve for them,

that bribe, that she joined her forces with both created great Empires it has not met, and espe, and it is stated that the Central Powers. Would the hap. been the object and it has not been the others are building. They displace only so far as negotiatious with belligerents are concerned. unless that measure of

piness and benefit of the populations con- result of the British Empire to squeeze 4,000 tons, but have a speed of thirty- optional agreement has been arrived at

I now turn from this particular carved have been consulted by a Turkish out the individual life of the nations five knots and carry a powerful arma between the belligerents that would make example of the method in which Count conquest of Bypt The Germans of has gone liberty and local interests and

in concerned. Where the British Empirement of guns. The special feature, how- diplomatic arrangements fruitful of Hertling carries out the general policy the search for the great happiness of

which the hon. gentleman admires to the these populations, would have restored the cultivation of local culture have not er, is magazine holding 460 mines, resulte

very rapidly four principles on which he asks my Egypt to the worst rule the world has been neglected. We have not tried, Iogether with gear for dropping them specific opinion. What we have got to ever known. (Cheers.) They would of think we are incapable of doing it, to

force our own culture upon India or upon Apparently the function of the Bremse show that we have not as yet reached that consider is how far the lip-service which they could destroy Arab independence gypt, or upon any nation or group of is to dash at high speed across the course happy-alage. It is that conviction which Count Hertling does to these four prin-they would if they could pat Palestine, nations-India is not a nation-which of a hostile fleet, dropping mines as the the country which is the centre of so makes me feel that the clouds of war are ciples is really exemplified by German still louring heavily over the whole practice. The first one deals with the reverential an interest, back under thog bave come under our protection. Ger- goes, but the type would be equally

who have rendered it sterile for all these many is pursuing and always has pursued useful for planting nine-fields in civilised world, and that there is no clear principle of essential justice.

as they have rendered storilor different path Her policy has been tain areas where the ordinary mine every on which they have imposed more deliberately ambitious than that of layers cannot penetrate The very high light of approaching peace can make it

their self felt. May that time come soon.

the hon. gentleman treat seriously the in the history of France, she has been their powerful battery suggests that I think that we should be deceiving our tleman think that essential justice is the profession of faith about the interests of antion since Louis XIV. However that voys in the North Sea. At all events, more ambitious of domination than any they may also be used for raiding con- elves in face of the statement to which

populations when in the very speech I shall come now-the statement to which the hon. gentleman referced-in face of

mach the profession of faith was may be, it really is absurd to compare they appear to be dangerous enstomers, made. We have this evidence the results of German expansion and more formidable in overy way than the Count Horiling's speech. I am afraid that about Alsace-Lorraine. I want to be the manner in which Count Hertling those results: which have made the British cruisers we had to deal with earlier in|

would like

the war. I AAL (Cheers.) I do not know whether the listen to those criticisms of Count Hert It is not possible to ascertain with any

to see it carried out Empire what it is. We therefore can Reichstag is an assembly with much ling with perfect couanimity. We are accuracy the exact number of submarino of humour it surely must have smiled history (Cheers.) To say that we never published in Germany are known to he when it heard its Chancellor dealing in that spirit with the realpolitik which be against those with whots we are con marine construction on a large scale, made mistakes, to say that we never have grossly exaggerated All the leading has been the true and dominating doctrine nected is of course, what no wise man while many other firms assist by build committed errors and injustice as it niny shipyards, however, have taken to sub Of every important German soldier, statesman, and thinker for two genera would think of saying 1 am talking of ing standardised parts Small sub- tions at least. So much for the four the broad feets of history, and, looking marines are even built in inland towns, principles which the hon. gentleman says at the broad facts of history, what I say whence they are delivered to seaports by Count Hertling necepts, and which he am confident will stand the test of canal or railed there in sections and put thinks his Majesty's Government are back examination. Everything that read together very quickly

with regard to German expansion gives analysis I have made may convince him that there are two sides to the question.

THE INVASION OF BUBSIA,

I am afraid and I say it with the pro foundest regret that, all the indication

.

and obvious direction in which the sun- Hertling gives warm approval to that mination (Cheers.) How could any nation. Leaving out vertain episodes speed of the new class, combined with

But

Count

doctrine, and quotes St. Augustine in favour (Laughter.) Does the hon gen leading principle of German foreign or military policy Just consider the frame of mind which Count Hertling shows perfectly fair. It is imaginable that & German would take a different view from that which is taken by the French, the on the subject of Alsace Lorraine, but I Hertling's speech is a thoroughly satis cannot imagine a man who is discussing factor basis of negotiations, and he has these principles of essential justice say formed tant opinion apparently on the ing: There is no question of 100 ground that Count Hertling had accepted Lorraine. Alsace-Lorraino is so obvious the four propositions of President ly, so pinialy out of court that we refuse Wilson. He turned to me with an air of even to consider it when the council of challenge and naked whether his Majesty's peace comes. That is the declaration Government, were prepared to go as far. made by this advocate of peace, whose I think that President Wilson was most recommendations the hon. gentleman is well-advised to lay down those broad pro.pressing upon the benevolent attention of ward in accepting. I hope the short the impression that a German can submarires were known to be in commis positions of international equity, but the House,

we should be sanguine if we took that view, I am aware that in saying this separate anyself widely from the hon. gentleman. He is of opinion that Count British, the Italians, and the Americas sense of humour, but if it had any sense ready to stand our trial at the bar of boats now in existence, but the totals

to

mie

In June of last year from 150 to 200

only conceive expansion as being carried sion, of which about half were large sea out at the cost of somebody else, and it

up in this House and say that with the in the last few weeks an exact specimen Russina policy which he defenda, That combined with the deliberate intention of the workmanship is very poor, and

THE CASE OF BELGIUM,

I cannot, however, leave Count Hertling without making some observations on the also is a not infelicitous illustration of German methods and of the exact import ance we are to attach to Count Hertlings verbal agreement with President Wilson, He tells us the recent invasion of Russia

forming atrocities and devastations

assorted submarines

1918

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President Wilson would be himself the Take the second great principle. Erst to say that, though it was necessary Peoples and provinces shall not be to lay them down, there was nothing in bartered about from sovereignty

always is carried out at the cost of some going vessels, the remainder being of the them novel or paradoxical, and it never sovereignty as if they were mere chat

body else. It is the combination of passion Coastal type. These letter, it is affirmed, occurred to me that I should have to get tels. We have got quite recently with

for universal expansion and domination, can be built and assembled from stand. ardised parts in three weeks or a month, Germany not merely to be a great and spirit of all these four propositions I of how Count Hertling interprets in

a fow have foundered on their brat growing Empire, but to have the rest was in thorough agreement. Perhaps it action the principle of which he ap might be as well, indeed I think that it proves so glibly in theory. (Cheers.)

of civilisation creeping at its feet, it is voyage, Germany can certainly build that determination which makes it so 100 to 150 boats of all types per annum, is absolutely necessary, that I should without going into the other coat

conversations which must be the prelude if not more, are being provided by examine the precise value which we are or territorial arrangements which Ger

of squadrons to attach to Count Hertling's assent to ampy has made or is in process of mak-was taking place as a protection against to peace, and which nobody longs for large shore establishments and training President Wilson's propositions. Before ing in Russia; the hon. gentleman knows atrocities and devastations by the Red more than I do, or than is done by my operating in the Baltic."

undertaken Those

conversations must take place, something about what fell from the hon boundaries of the Ukraine they handed tary operations were therefore

over a portion or undoubted Polish ter in the name of humanity. The poct has but how can they take place at this gentleman with regard to Belgium. He, and he alone, so far as I know, in the ritory to the new Republic. It is per Wes that East is East and West is moment if Count Hertling's speech re

true that the result of that was a West, but even with that aphorism ring presents the extreme high-water mark of world regard Count Hertling's statement ever they might neglect, it in that pay East and German policy on the West if Count Hertling were able to carry out world, outside the precincts of Germany burst of Polish indignation, which, how my ears I cannot quite follow the German concession? Does the her. gen

distinction between Cerman policy on the tleman, if he has done me the honour lo about Belgium as satisfactory.

of Poland which is subject to Germany German policy in the east of Europe has the conversation of which he spoke in the listen to what I have said, really think made itself felt in that part of Poland been recently entirely directed towards There are a great many questions be which is subject to Austri, and the "proventing atrocition and devastations" earlier part of his address, if he could

result of that indignation was that and carrying out sides Belgium which have to be settled at concession has been made, and the fro

my right hon friend German nolier whom he quotes as deest.

conversa the nations of Europe. Though Belgium apparently going to be modified When in the West is entirely occupied in pe that the doctrines contained in this a peace conference, and which now divide tier: Bettled under German inspiration is the name of humanite operations in meet round a table i

tion, does he really it

moment think is very far from being the only one, they settled that frontier I presume they (cheers)-in trampling under foot not only speech, that the conversation could end though there are, perhaps, other questions had President Wilson's second principle the letter and spirit of treaties but the in anything like agreement? Does he not of equal importance, there is no question in mind, and I hesion to which very spirit of humanity itself. (Cheers, which ends in discord is worse than zo

they gave it

a conversation which is begun and which is better touchstone of the that

whole honesty of purpose of Central European the hon. gentleman refers on a gium on the one side and the Baltic Pro conversation at all (Cries of "No, no.)

Why this difference of treatment of Bel- diplomacy, and especially German diplo they then, to make this gross violationvinces on the other! Why is this hum-

Well

that is my deliberate opinion. I am Iancy. The hon. gentleman knows well of their principles, and that within

anity, appealing with such overmastering convinced, and I beg the House to weigh enough that these are things which we few weeks of the moment of which I

force to Count Hertling when he talks words, that to begin negotiations are all weary of saying, which are speaking? (Cheers).

about Russia, brushed aside by him and unless you see your way to carrying them horrible to think of, but he knows, a Mr. Molteno Was not that area his associates when they are talking of through successfully would be to commut everybody in the Hone knows that the largely occupied by Ruthenians, and was Belgiem 1 how at no explanation se etter se ugainst the future peace German attack on Belgium was unpro, not the proposal to meet the wishes of except one, which is that Germany pursue that I have to difer from my bon- friend

the

the world (Cheers). Therefore voked. He knows as well as everybody the Buthenian population 7

her methods with remorseless consistency knows that it was not merely an unpro-

THE BALANCE OF POWER,SAADA her potiches to invada-

All that varies is the excuses she gives for who spoke last. Therefore it is that

e while I long for the day when r voked attack upon a small and unoffend

(Chootations may really take place negoti

degotia ing nation, but that it was an attack Mr. Balfour: am talking of the If the

Sit carried out by one of the nations which Polish part, not of the Ruthenian. Eo B

Lourland

115 tha dictates of ideas closer together mach ast for had guaranteed the security of that small much for the second principle. Then we

and this tha

desire to present out that day I believe I should be doing

peace, which is the commonplaces of the situation, those are Count Hertling, I observe, makes a semi-rages and devastations. It is impossible injury to the cause of historical propositions which everybody historical excursion, and says, with a in the light of facts like those to rais Ereat cause I have at heart, if I were knows by heart. Well, there is only one great measure of truth that the balance very birb the profesion of humanity, either to practise myself or to encourage Course for the offending nation to pursue of power is a mere or less antiquated international righteousness, equity, and others to practise, or to hope myself or doctrine, and ho observes that England regard for populations which figure so to encourage others hope that there was in those circumstances, which is to say das been a trent upholder of the doctrine largely in speeches like that which the any use in brguing thore Forbal per

beginning as they have said;" I have singed That they have said through the month of the balance of power, and bad always hen gentleman had required me to consonal communications thtiffomething like of the former Chancellor. The next is" he s domination. That is stand practies of those who have been tries concerned saw their way to the broad

used it for purposes, of

of aggrandisement. wider, ang which show themselves in so general agreement was apparent in the only another expires strange, in so inconsistent a puse in the distance, and until statesmen of all coun- sion of England's

hearted

think

and anorteuing ustion. Thow are the come to the third principle, and here necessity if the wishes to which must be a preparation

thing to do is to say, having sinued. I

make reparation Choor) Tetor ne profoundly historical method of making theen interesting professions. Tont lines of that great settlement which it ́again” what I never should have taken, looking at the question. This country

myself frankly to be unable to is my most earnest hope will ber- and I restore it necessarily without con has fought unce, twice, thrice for the follow what is called the German men manent pesce to this sorely troubled ditions.?? (Chenrs.) What does the balance of power, because it was only tality in this case. I am quite unable to world (Cheers.)

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