PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL
STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.
SHANGHAI .*.***....
DELHI
STHAMARS
SO BADL
KEMARKS.
| About, 80th
Oct
Freight and Passago.
.
Capt. C. L. Daniel...
Noon, 31st Ook
Sea Special Advertisement.
"Noon, 31st
Capt. A. G. Cubitt, 2.N.B.
Oct,
Freight and
Pasange.
On 4th
Freight and Passaga.
Capt. J. D. Andrews, B.NE.
LONDON. TIA Usual "Ports14SSAFE
OF CALEGUMIcro ipocars SHANGHAI, MOJI, KOBE
and YOKOHAMA,
LONDON and
ANTWERP
SOMALI
VIA SINGAPORE, PEN- SUMATRA ......
ANG, COLOMBO POST
BAD and MARSEILLES ene
For further Particular, apply to
THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, OCTOBER 19TH, 1908.
CHARGEURS REUNIS
-FRENCH STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
HRAD OFFICE: PARIS.
ALL ROUND THE WORLD LINE. OUTWARD via Braz-Antwerp, Dunkirk, la Pallioe, Marsailles, Genos, Naples, Colombo, Singapore, Hongkong, Chinwanted, (Peking Tinizin,) Kobe, Yokohama.
GENOA to HONGKONG in 30 DAY. NAPLES to HONGKONG in 29 DATS.
Unique Opportunity to make a Tour in North China and Japan with Great Speed, Safety and Comfort
TRANSPACIFIO:-Victoria (B,C) Vancouver, Seattle, San Francisco,
CONNECTING WITH CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY,
Freight to Overland
Passangers to Overland and Europeris Vancouver
YOKOHAMA to VANCOUVER
13 DAYS
TOKOHAMA to LONDON and PARIS 26 DAYS
HOMEWARD vs MAGELLAN STRAITS: Mexico, River Plate, Brazil, La Pallice, Liverpool.
PROPOSED SAILINGS:
JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN
REGULAR THREE-WEEKLY SERVICE BETWEEN JAVA, CHINA AND JAPAN.
Second half ot Oot Second half of
Oct. Second half of
STEAMHE
FROM
EXPBOTED ON OĚ ABOUTT
WILL LEAVE: FOR
ÜR ON ABOUT
THPANAS..
TJIKINI
TJILANJAP..
TTIMAHI
·JÁPAN
JAYA
ЗАРАХ
JAVA
Second half of Oct. Second half of
Seo and half of Opt. First half of
JAVA
JAPAN-
SHANGHAI.
SHANGHAI
...Nov.
TITLTWOMA
First half of
JAPAN
Nov.
JAPAN
Oct. First half of Nor. First half of Nov.
The Steamers are all fitted throughout with Eleotris Light and have socommodation for a limited number of Saloon Passenger, and will take. Cargo to all Netherlands-Indian -ports" on through Bills of Lading,
Hongkong, 10th October, 1908,
CHINA NAVIGATION CO.,
LIMITED.
MANCHURIA
AMIRAL OLRY
19th Oot
E, A. HEWETT, Superintendent,
26th Nov. .... 17th Jan, 09 New Twin Borew, 16,000 tona Displacement, let Class commodation, Splendidly equipped with single borth Cabina..
Intermediate Class and Rate of Passage. All Round the World Tickets by these boste. For Further Particulare, apply to
P. NALIN, ACTING AGENT,
FRENCH MAIL OFFICE,
ORYLAN CORSE
For Partionlara of Freight and Page, apply to the
York Halldinge, 1st Floor.
JAVA-CHINA-JAPAN LIJN.
Hongkong, 15th October, 1998,
Telephone No. 875.
Hongkong, 18th September, 1908,
782
TO BAIL
On 19th Oct 4 P.M.
• "TRAN'S
On 20th Oct, 4 P.M.
On 21st Co., ♣ P.ME
+ "KUEICHOW" nieger
On 2nd Qot 4 P.M.
On 21st Nov., à p..
HONGKONG MANILA.
Highest Cia, newest, farlost and most incurions Stems between Hongkong and Manila, Galeon amidships. Electric Light, Perfect Cuisine. SURGEON and STEWARDESS carried, All the most up-to date arrangements for comfort of Passengern,
CHINA AND MANILA
STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.
RAILWAY
00.
.,19
SAILINGS SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
FOR
STHAMES
KINGPO, SHANGHAI and CHINKIANG “ANHUI” MANILA
CEBU and ILOILO CHEFOU and TIENTSIN MANILA ZAMBOANGA, THURS DAY IBLAND, COOKTOWN, CAIENS, TOWNSVILLE, BRISBANE, SYDNEY, with TASMANIA Transhipment for
NEW ZEALAND, ADELAIDE, FREMANTLE and PERTH
"KAIFONG".
↑ "CHANGSHA'
MANILA STEAMERS & TIENTSIN STEAMERS have superior Passenger sccom odation with Electric Light throughout and Electric Fans in the Staterooms and Dining Baloon.
AUSTRALIAN STEAMERS have superior accommodation with Electric Light through ent and Electric Fans in the Staterooms A daly qualified Burgeon is carried. Cargo booked through for all Australian, New Zealand and Tasmanian Ports,
SHANGHAI STEAMERS have good Saloon Passenger sacommodation and take osrġo on through Bills of Tading to all Yangiere and Northern China Ports.
REDWORD SALOON FARES, SINGLE AND RETURN, TO MANILA AND
AUSTRALIAN PORTS, TELEPHONE 36,
For Freight or Passage, apply to- Hongkong, 19th October, 1968.
BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE,
SWIRE
AGENTS.
∙11-
LINIE
HAMBURG-AMERIKA
HAMBURG.
EAST ASIATIC FREIGHT SERVICE.
Regalar Sailings from JAPAN, CHINA and PHILIPPINES,
STRAITS and COLOMBO,
to HAVRE, BREMEN and HAMBURG and to NEW YORK.
TAKING Lisbon, Oporto, Marssiles, Genos, and other Mediterrsream, MAKING Cargo at Through Enies to all European North Continental and British Levantine, Black Sea and Baltic Ports,
and all North and South American Porta
Also via Aden or Port Said, by the Company's "Arabia and Persian Berrics" to
"Arabian and Parsian Gulf Ports,
NEXT SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG -
OUTWARD.
FOR SHANGHAI, YOKOHAMA & KOBE :
8.9: "BENEGAMBIA... ... 19th Oct.
8.8. SITHONIA...
8.8. SCANDIA...
***
2nd Nov,
20th Nov.
8.8, ISTRIA
941
120
5th Dec.
88 BRISGAVIA
17th Des.
8.8. ANDALUSIA
8,8. BAXONIA ...
... 27th Dea ... 9th Jan., 89,
Farther Particulars, apply to➡
Hongkong, 14th October, 1908,
HOMEWARD.
FOR HAVE & HAMRUEG 1
8.8. SILESIA...
FOR HAYES & HAMBURG;
8.8. SAMBIA... $18 FOR ANTWERP & HAMBURG:
FOR
TEAMSHIP
Toxs
CAPTAIN
BADING DAT
ZAFIRO 2540
2640 RUBI
R. Badger
RW. Almond.
Manila
Manils
On 24th Oot, Noon,
On 31st Oct., Noon.
For Freight or Passage apply to
Hongkong, 19th October, 1908.
SHEWAN, TOMES & CO.,
GENERAL MANAGERS.
EAST ASIATIC CO., LD.
COPENHAGEN, SINGAPORE, BANGKOK & SHANGHAI.
RUSSIAN EAST ASIATIC CO., LD.,
ST. PETERSBURG & VLADIVOSTOJE.
SWEDISH EAST ASIATIC Co., Lad
GOTHENBURG.
PROJECTED BAILINGS FROM HONGKONG.
SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
DESTINATION
SHANGHAL TOKOHAMA & KOBE
20th Oct.
MARSEILLES, HAVER
and]
COPENHAGEN...
MARSEILLES, HAVE -COPENHAGEN ...
and
MARSEILLES, HAVER and
COPENHAGEN...
2nd Nov.
8.8 LIBERIA About bag, of Nov. FOR HAVER & Hambusa :
8,8. BENEGAMBIA 15th Nov
HAMBURG-AMERIKA LINIE,
Hongkong Office.
12
INDO-CHINA S. NAV. CO., LD.
FOR
STIANARS
PROJECTED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG (8UBJECT TO ALTERATION).
TO BLIM "FOOSHING" Tuesday, 20th Oct., Noon. SHANGHAI· adminmenurmesedemike
101 Wed'day, 21st Ost, Noon. BANDAKAN jaju "MAUSANG"
Friday, 23rd Oct. 4 P.M. MANILA *SH’HAL, YOKOHAMA, KOBE & YONI... "FOOKBANG"... Wed'day, 28th Oct, Noon.
RETURN TOUR3 TO JAPAN. OCCUPYING 24 DAYS
"LOONGSANG "
The steamers "KUTANO NABBANG" and "FooRSANG" leave about every 3 week for Shanghai and Yokohama returning via Kobe (Inland Son) and Moji to Hongkong, providing stay of 5 to 6 days in Japan, if passengers leave the steamier at Yokohama and rejoin at Kobs.
These vessels have sil modern improvements and are fitted throughout with Electric Light.
duly qualified surgeon is also carried.
A
Steamers have superior accommodation for First-Class Passengers and are Atted throughout
with Electric Light.
Taking Cargo on Through Bill of Lading to Taagisse Ports, Chefos, Tientsin and Newchwang.
Taking Cargo on Through Bills of Lading to Kudat, Lahad Datu, Simporas, Tawao, Uzukan, Jesselton and Labuan.
Telephone No. 61
For Freight or Passage, apply to JARDINE, MATHESON & Co., LTD,
GENERAL MANAGERS. Hongkong, 16th October, 1908.
FOR
JUANA (DIRECT)
16
OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA
REGULAR STEAMSHIP SERVICE BETWEEN HONGKONG, SOUTH CHINA COAST PORTS AND FORMOSA
PROPOSED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG. SUBJECT TO ALTERATION
THE GO,R DR. YERINO MARU” —---
Capt..N. KOBAYASHI TAMSUL VIA SWATOW("JOSHIN MARU
Capt. Y. KATUBAKI & AMOY SHANGHAI VIA SWATOW," BUJUN MARU"
AMOY & FOOCHOW!
Capt. Y. FOSENO}
LEAVING
| MONDÁT, 19th Oct.,
at 1 P.M: TUESDAY, 20th Opt.,
at 9. A.M. THURSDAY, 22nd Oct.,
-at 9 AM.
A Reduction of 20 Per Cont will be made on First and Second Class Fares-to- Foodlow, until Further Notice
These new Stoainers have excellent accommolation for Firat and Second Class Passengers and are fitted throughout with electric light. First-class Cabins Amidships Unrivalled Table
+ Taking Carge on through Bill of Lading to all Yengtase and North China Ports,
For Freight, Fassage, and further information, Apply at the Company's local Branoh Olloe, Second Floor, No. 1 Queen's Buildings.
-Hongkong, 19th October, 1902.
T. ARIMA, Maunger.
For Further Particular, apply to Hongkong, 14th October, 1908,
NIPPON
DESTINATIONS.
- STEAMERS "CANTON" "TRANQUEBAR"
BÁZE OF SAILĪKÉO,
About 17th October.
19th October..
PEKING 28th October, "CANTON"... Middle of November.
MELCHERS & CO.
YUSEN
AGENTS.
KAISHA,
(THE JAPAN MAIL STEAMSHIP CO.) PROJECTED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG--
BUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
STRAMMES
}
MARSEILLES, LONDON and HITACHI MARU
Capt. F. E. Cops, Tons 8715 ANTWERP, via SINGA PORE.. PENANG,KAMAKURA MARU
Tons 6126) COLOMBO, and PORT SAID Capt Fraser,
and (§ TANGO MARU
Capt, W. Thompson, Tons 7463 VICTORIA, B.C
SEATTLE, vis SHANGHAI, MOJI, KOBE, YOKKAICHI,)§ AKI MARU M. Yagi Oapt
Tous 5414 and YOKOHAMA via MANILA, THURSDAY Capt. N. Mathieson, Tons 5076 SYDNEY and MELBOURNE, KUMANO MARU ISLAND, TOWNSVILLE YAWATA MARU
Capt. T. Sekin Tons 8817 and BRISBANE
YETOROFU MARU
Tone 3919 1 Capt. K. Sato, KOBE and YAWATA MAHU ·
Tone 8917 .. Capt. T. Sekine,.
WAKASA MARU
Capt. N. Nielsen, Tons 6285 1 MOYORI MARUŽA
Tons 3285 Capt. J. Hands,
BOMBAT vs SINGAPORE,YE
| NAGASAKİ,
and COLOMBO
TOKOHAMA
KOBE and YOKOHAMA
SHANGHAI and KOBE
SAILING DATES 1909 WED'DAY; 28th Oct
at Daylight
WED'DAY, 11th Nov.,
at Daylight TUESDAY, 27th
at 4 P.M. 03 TUESDAY, 10th
Nov., at 4 P.M. FRIDAY, 30th Oct,
at. Noon FRIDAY, 27th Nor
at Noon, MONDAY, 28th
October. WED'DAY, 28th Ook,
at Noon. SATURDAY, 3let Ooty,
at Daylight 1SATURDAY, 31st
October.
Cargo only. § Fitted with Marconi's System of Wireless Telegraphy,
Through Pasenger Tickets issued to the Principal Cities in the United States, Cauads and Europe, in connection with the GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY and Atlantic Beamers. Round the World Tickets also issued Between Nagasaki and Yokohama, 1st and 2nd Class through Passengers have the option of travelling by Bail
For Further information as to Freight, Fassage, Jailings, & apply at the Company's Local Branch Office in Prize's Buildings, First Floor, Chater Road
Hongkong 19th October, 1908,
T. KUSUMOTO,
MANAGER. 355
THOS, COOK & SON,
TOURIST, STEAMSHIP & FORWARDING AGENTS,
BANKERS, &o.
HEAD OFFICE:-LUDUATE CIRCUS:
TICKETS to EUROPE by the principal BTEAMSHIP LINES and TRANS
SIBERIAN RAILWAY.
TOURS arranged to ALL PARTS of the WORLD.
BAGGAGE collected, forwarded and insured at lowest rates.
LETTERS of CREDIT and CIRCULAR NOTES ISSUED and CASHED, FOREIGN MONTES exchanged.
928
Head Office for the Far East :-
16, DES VOUX ROAD,
HONGKONG.
Japan Office
14, WATER STREET- YOKOHAMA,
HLO
SHORTEST & QUICKEST ROUTS TO BUROPE
IN 16 DAYS FROM SHANGHAT TO LONDON
VIA DAIBEN (DALNY),
STEAMSHIP SERVICE-Regular Direct Weekly Service by the fast Passenger Steamer KONE MARU" (2877 tons) sailing from Dairon every Monday and from Bhanghai every Friday, in connection with the South Manchurian Express and Trans-Siberian Route (International Train de Luxe), MAIN RAILWAY LINE-Tri-Weekly Express Service from Dairen to. Kwanchongträ (in connection with Siberian Express traine at Harbin) by a train composed of expellently equipped Sleeping and Dining Care expressly built for the Company by the Pallman Car Co. his Service is available after middle of September, 1908).
BRANCH RAILWAY LINES
LINE-For Ryojna (Port Arthar), 2 hours from Dairen.
For Yingkou (Newrobang), 1 hour from Tashihobias Junction. FOSHUN LINE-For the famous Fashan Collieries from Sachistan Junction. ANTUNG HSIEN LINE-A light railway from Makdon to Aptang-Haies connecting
with the Korean Government Railway
BAILWAY HOTELSYAMATO" HOTELS (Tel, Add: "YAMATO").
At DAIREN (Dalny), PORT ARTHUR and KWANCHENGTZU, and also very shortly at MUKDEN. all managed by the Company and provided with every convenience, luxury, and comfort.
1303
SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY, COMPANY, DAIREN. Tel. Add:-"MANTETSU," Codes: A.E.C., 5th Ed., AI, and Lieber's.
Juzaepolis, British ship., 2,180, Stewart, 6th June---San Francisco 5th April, Case Oil- Standard Oil Co.
SHIPPING IN PORT,
ANRUI, Briti
STRATED.
Lysoñunst, British 4-mustad barque, 2,500, Parnell, 14th September-Bangkok 25th Angust, Casa Oil-Standard Oil Co.
HIS DRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SHIPS IN THE CHINA SQUADRON.
str., 1,350, C, Plunkett Cole, 15th Oct.--Cebu and Iloilo 10th October, Bugar-Butterfeld & Swire.- APPALACHNE, British str., 2,426, Stavens, 6th Oct-8an Francisco 24th Sept., Ballat- Standard Uil Co, 201 ABAMA, British str., 2,705, Carr, 13th October, New York 4th August and Sabang 3rd Oot, Kerosine Oil-Standard Oil Co. AVALA, British str. 4,383, W. Hame, 10th Oct,
Sabang 30th September, Kerosine Oll-Bedford, 1st class orniser, Capt. 8. E, Erakine
R.N., Weibalwoi Standard Oil Co.
Bouro, Gorman str. 1,341, F. Sembill, 9th October-Bondakan 3rd. Dctober, Gozeral
Melobers &
BOURBON, French str., 957, Le Bail, 13th Oct.-
Saigon 7th Oo, General Chinese, CHILI, British str., 1,142, J. Warrack, 16th Oot-Haiphong Det 19th and Haihow 15th, Coal & General-Butterfeld & Swire. CHINA, Austclau sir.. 3,8 5, J. Berguglian 15th Oot-Trinete 27th August, General
Sander Wieler & Co. GLENOGLE, British sir, 2,399, W. J. Larkins, 7th Oct-Singapore Lat October, General
Chinese.
KNITSBEEG, German str. 646, Henk, 15th Cot-Haiphong and Hoshow 14th Oct.,
Jobson & Co.
KWEIANG, British str., 1,044, Dowson, 11th
Batterfield & Swira,
October-Chelos 6th October, General LARITES, British str., 1,360, Frampton, 12th October-Saigon 7th October "General- Chinese.
LANDRAT LOHIRTS, German str., 1,01% J. Grandt, 10th October-Yokohama 1st Oct., Chins Commerical 8.8. & Co LIGHTNING, British str., 2,122, Gontlas, 15th October Singapore 9th Oct., General- David Sassooù & Co. MAUSANO, British str., 1,844, Weigall, 9th Oct. Baadakan 3rd Cat, Timber and General
-Jardine, Matheson & Co. MICKAEL JEBBEN, German str. 951, H.
Alacrity, despatch-boat, 700 tons, & gune, 3000 h.p., Com. C. T. Faller, Woosung- Astence, 2nd class cruiser, 4350 tons, 10 guns 7000 Lb.p. Captain F, E, C. Byan Kudat
Bramble, gunboat, av lone, 000 Lb.p. Lieut.-*
Comdr.Hon, E. O. D. Bridgeman, Shanghai Britomart, gunboat, 710 tons, 900 hp, Lieut-
Comdr. F. B. Nobls, Shanghai Cadmus, British sloop, 1070 tons, Comdr. H. La
P. Heard, Hongkong Chornb, water tank and tog, 390 tons, 300 h.p
Master B, Wert, Hongkong Clio, British sloop, 1070 tons, Comdr, P. T.
Forrett, Hongkong
Fame, torpedo-bost destroyer, 810 tons, 6 6700 b.p, Laut-Coudr. Gremon,
Flors, 2nd class oralser, 4360 tons, 10 guns,
7000 Lb.p., Capt. Roland Nugent, Shanghai
Haudy, torpedo-boat destroyer 275 tons, & gun, 4000b.p., Lient.-Comdz. B. J. D. Guy, V.O, Weihaiwei
Hart, torpedo-bost destroyer, 275 tons, 6 gun,
4,00
Lient-Comdr. G. O, Dickens,
Janus, torpedo-beat destroyer, 280 tone, 6 gan, 9900 lp., Lt. Comdr. C. A. Freemantle, Welbniwei
Kont, let class oruiser, 9800 tons, 14 gunė,
22000 1.b.p., Capt. G. C. A. Marescaus Weihaiwei
King Alfred, let class cruiser, Flag ship of Vios Adiniral the Hoa. Sir Hedworth Lambton, Commander in Chief, 14100 tonn, 18 guns, 30000 ib,p. Capt. L. Clinton- Baker, Weibaiwei'
Kincha, river gunboat, 618 tons, Lieut. Comdr.
T. J. 8. Lyne, Yangtze Ben-Merlin, surveying ship, 1070, tons, 6 guns, 1400
i.b.p. Comdr. F. H. Walter, Jesselton Monmouth, cruiser, 9800 tons, Capt. G. W.
Smith, Weihniwei
disen, 19th Oct-Kwang Yen 8th October, Cement and Stone Jebsen & Co. MONGOLIA, American str., 8,750, P. 8. Porter, 11th Oct. Ean Francisco and Shanghai 8th Ost, Mails & General-P. M. 8.8. Co. ONSANG, British str., 1,787, F. Wheeler, 15th Oct.Moji 9th October, Coal-Jardine, Matheson &
J. PARLAT, Germen str. 1,012, Wonzie, 14th
October-Bangkok 7th October, Rico Butterfield & Swire.
INZ SIGISMUND, German str. 1844, D. PRING
enz, 16th October-Bydney 22nd Sept, General Melchers & Co.
136 RAGNAR
str. 1220, Augensia.
October th October, Timber-
Aagaard Thoresen & Co. SANGEN, German str., 998, F. Bohureft, 14th OutBangkok 2nd October, Rice, Salt and Meal Butterfeld & Swire. SHANTUNG, Ger
str., 1,00, Gosewitch, 13th German October-Bangkok and Swatow 12th Oct,
4
Bugar-Batterield Swire. SUISANG, British air. 1,776, W. D. Welsh, 2ad.
October Chefeo 25th Septembar,--Chins Commercial & Co.
~ Chinese.......
TOONAN, Chinese str., 936, A. A. Crawford,
13th Dothangbai 9th Oct., General YEBIMO MARU, Japanese str., 3,284, N. Kob yash, tinctober Hojiak japan fith October, Cost-Osaka Shosen Kaisha
BAITING VESSELS, DAYLIGHT, British bargus, 3,060, M. Bryde, 9th October Yokohama 19th September Ballast-Standard Oil Co.
EoLras, British 4-zussted bark, 2,968, James While, 18th Aug,New York 26th April, Casa On-Standard Oil Co.
Moorhen, river gunboat 180 tons, 2 gans,
Licat Comdr. O, C. Walcott, Hongkong Nightingale, river gunboat, 85. Long, 2:40 hp,
Lisnt, Comdr. B. 8. Roy, R. Yangime Otter, torpedo-bost destroyer, 885 tons, 6 guns
6300 Lb.p., Hongkong
Robin, river gunboat, 86 tons, 2 guns, 240 hp..
Tient-Comdr, J. White, West River Sandpiper, river gunboat, 85 tons, 2 guns, 240 h.p., Lieut. Coude H. F. Tickell, Wost
· River
river gunboat, 85 toas, 2 guns, 240 hp Spout-Comdr, Alan Dixon, Yangtezs
boat torpedo
Gusuer Barlow Hongkong
Taku
destroyer,
Tamar, recatring ship, 4600 tons 6 guns
Rear Admiral Stokes, Hongkong
Taal, river gunboat, 180 tons, 2 guns, Lleut.
Comdr. H. R. Godfrey, Yangteze- Thistle, gunboat, 10 tons, 900 hp, Lilout,"
Coradr. H. T. Attlay, Yangtes Virago, torpedo-boat destroyer, 595 tous, 6 guns, 0,300 i.h.p., Commander. Stevenson; Weibaiwai
Waterwitob, surveying ship, 820 tons, 4504h Ligut. Comdr. H. P. Douglas, Singapore Whiting, torpedo-bost destroyer, 380 tons, b
guns, 5,500 h, Liout Coude I Kiddle.. gunboat 195, tone, 2 800 b.p.
guna, Widomdr. John F. Knox, Yunglaze Woodoook, gunboat, 150-tóns, 2 guns, 550 b.p. Ident Comdr. E. R. V. Cottrell "Dormer. Yangtze
Woodlark ganhost, 150 tons, 2 guns, Ska Lisut-Comdr. G. E. Livingatone,