THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 31st, 1903
THE PREMIER ON MACEDONIA. | are chief among the considerations which should
guide us at the present juncture.
Balkans:-
The following lotter was written last month by the Prime Minister to the Archbishop of Canterbury, conserning the situation in the Beptember 24th, 1903. 3 My dear Archbishop. Your letter, giving me au account of the growing anxiety among Churohmon lest ang step should be omitted which. might diminish the sufferings of the Mace donian population, has caused me no surprise. I entirely sympathise with the feelings of horror and of indignation which the present position of affairs in Bouth-Eastern Europe must excite in the heart of every humans man; and I san well understand the desire to give overt expression, by public meetings or otherwise, to the burning contiments of reprobation which recent events have so unhappily justified. Nor do I offer objection to this course. I would not, if I could, put any check upon the action of those with whose aims (if I understand them rightly) I am is complete accord; provided always that action is according to knowledge If it be not, we run a serious danger of loving unromedied the ills we see, and adding to the atliers, the possibility of which we have, in our haste, most culpably ignored.
There are some saliout clereouts in the pressut situation too often forgotten, which it is yet of the utmost importance that those who desire (55 do those for whom you speak) not merely to talk about Macedonian wrongs, but to care them, should have present to their minds. It must be remembered that we have not now to deal with the simple case but too familiar in our experience--the case, I mean, of mis-govern- meat and oppression by Turkish officials of a more or less homogeneous Christian population. The problema is in Macedonia complicated by the fact that the Christian population is itself rent into fragmente by differences of races, aggravated by differences of religion; and that, in addition to all the ille indicted by a corrupt and incapable administration, by an ill-paid and indisciplined soldiery, and by a detestable system of taxation, we have to reckon with all the ills which, in a population not fully imbued with Western ideas of humanity, rival sacts and rival nationalities do not scruple to iofist upon eno another.
{
We bear in mind that the difficulties of the task have a tæp-fold origis. They arise partly, from the complicated laternational problems which the Macedonian question raisos. Neither Russia, nor Austria, nor Turkey can remain indifferent to territorial redistributions in the Ponfatale, eblio Grace, Bulgaria, Harvia, Roumania, are all profoundly interested in the fate of a provioco whose Christian population is made up of all four nationalities.
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for State reasons," as they put it, there was a strong body against it. The general ventiment was in favour of postponing any discussion, but | this would not suit the Prince of Monsoo uur Mr. Anderson
Mr. A. E. anderson- relieve hiri of his self-imposed duty to the IT. . H. Bade Emperor. So the conflict doganorated into Mr. R. G. Barrett
Mr. H. Burrett an muzeemly scramble of lobbying and even Mr.& Mea. E.E. Barretta worse, though much of the value of the Em-Afr, A. Bauc paror's flag had hoon lost by the adoption unanimously by the congress of the colours of a peace flag, slready in use in America, as those to be used in the pasće odlucation of children. These external complications are donblad by || This success for the American flag, was due to internal ones. The population of Macedonia, the eloquence of Mma, Severino, The Emperor's though drawn from many sources, is nof, in the fag seouts rather too complicated to secure fullest sense of the term, u mixel population. its easy adoption. On a rod ground there is a It is for the most part segregated into villages eroms in white having at the centre of ite or districts, each of which may be homogeneous, arma a red four-pointed star and differ from its neatest neighbour, in speech, corner near the pole are to be placed the national in religion and in race. Omitting sumaller ele colours of the nation using the fag. There monts, we niny say that more than a third of there to be smaller white stars on the red ground population is Mahomedan; that, of the remain equal in number to the nations adopting the dor, the two most considerable constituents are flag. If desired the word "Pax" may be inserted the Bulgariage, who in zligion are Exarchists in the large red star-there were Frouch. (these constitnts,, I believe, the largest group delegates who suggested Alanos-Lorraine." of all), aid the Greeks, who in religion are Patrisrebists: All suffer under Turkish mis reason for its creation is very easily understood, The symbolism of the flag is obscure, but the rule; all would gain immensely by reform. On a red ground smell stars are to be placed in white according to the number of the nations stricken at boing placed under Christian domination, the Exerchist Christiane persecute accepting the flag. In the design as shown to the Patriarobist Christians, often, I fear, with the Peace Congress there were 18 atara. much cruelty, and the Greeks, both in and out of Greece, would rather flnd protection for their race and religion under the rule of the Sultan then be left to fight the matter out with the Bulgarians under a scheme of unfoltered autonomy. It is this fundamental divergence between the distribution of seats and peoples in Macedonia, on the one hand, and Bulgaria, and Eastern Rumelia on the other, which renders so irrelevant the regrets which we hear as to the exclusion, in 18.8, of Macedonia from the Greater Bulgaria A
But, while the Muhumedaus would be terror-
It is with a problem thus unique in its character and lifeulty that Europe has to deal. I cannot think that any man of sober judgment can doubt that the Lost hope of dealing with lies in the continued co-operation of Austris and Russia, strengthened by tho support and aided by the advjou of the ather signatories to the Treaty of Berlin. They possess, if only Now, what instrument la there to be found in virtue of their goographical position, an by which the situation thus created may be incomparable influence over the antagonistic dealt with The one marked ont, alike by forces by which, the Balkan Peninsula is international precedent and by international rent. No other union, or group of nations, policy, is the "Concert of Europe "the can do the work as well. No other nation common setion of the Great Powers signatories or group of nations could do it at all, if Austria and Russia were suspicious or hostile. to the Treaty of Berlin. But this common action, even when the Powers are in general From this it follows that our best hops at pre. harmony, mast, at the best, a slow and if sent of ameliorating the condition of Macedonia, they are dealing with a complex administrative as well as of avoiding international complica problem, may easily be, not only slow battleus, is to support the wo Powers. We are ineffective. It was surely, then, a matter for congratulation when Russia and Austria, seting with the authority of Europe, proposed to press en the Porte a scheme of reforms for these unhappy provinces. The scheme my hot bare gons as far on that which his Majestys Govern, ment would have proposed bad they been the sole arbiters of the situation. It may have fallen far short of Macedonian aspiratione, as it cortainly did of theoretical perfection. But its very limitations brought it more within the circuit of practical polities; and he would be a bold critic who should confidently assert that 'more would have been got, and more quickly, it more had been proposed. Who can doubt that, if the scheme had been earnestly pressed by the Porte and frankly accepted by the populatians concerned, the world might have been spared the horrors which have since been witnessed ?1
obviously not precluded by this support from offering suggestions. We have offered them, and shall continue to offer them when fitting. opportunity, presents itself. But it would be folly to forget that there are occasious-and this is one of them when two Powers are stronger, for executivo purposes; than thres; when, inderd, every addition to numbers carries with it a corresponding dimination of effolency.
iu
These, then, are the principles by which the Government is directing its policy in the Near East. I do not doubt that they are accordance with the interests of this country; but they obtain no even higher sauction from the fact that in ebxiience to them is at present" to be found the best hope of improving the condition of Macedonia, and the surest security
pance for European I
Pray: bolleve me years very sincerely,
JAMES BALFOUR.
FOR SALE.
66 EIGH
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AND
A.PEACE FLAG.
The Universal Peace Congress which ant list month at Rouen has been torn into conflicting factions by the introduction, or rather by the hint of the Introduction, of a design for an international peace tag. At the 'congress at Monaco it was decided to appoint a committee to consider the question of an international peace fag, The Prince of Monaco went on a sit to the derman Emperor at Kiel, aud ona evening at dinner anggested to him the DEVON AND en of designing a pesce g. The Emperor CORNWALL
Neither of these conditious was fulfilled, The Porte was ensive and dilatory. As usual, end- it failed to see that the policy of humanity was the policy also of wisdom; abile.the Mace donian revelatiosista, on their side, soem to have deliberately done their best to drive the Turk into taking military action, and at the mms tinis to furnish him with an exons for deferring the execution of reforme. This they did at the very moment when the intervention of Austria and Bussin gave ronsonable ground for hoping that some romedy more effectual then empty professions would be applied to their country's ills. Their responsibility is great indeed.
And here I mast make an observation on a point which is sometimed Inst sight of. I have
took the menu, decorated with a pictare of his latest battleship, and on the back drew rough design. Delighted with
BY E. C. Cook & Enlarged Edition F. T. Cook, M.A.
58; 24 Maps and Plans
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ENVIRONS.
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80 Illustrations 12 Maps; 55.
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Mr. lude F. Thomas Mr. J. L. Travėra
Mr. J. H. Walton
THE WEATHER. CHINA COAST METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, 29th OCTOBER, P.M.
STATION.
Bour.
Narometer.
Barometer;
red, to eea
Vladivostok, 2p Nemuro...... Hakodato fokyo Kochi........ Yagakaki... Kasza Oglio!
301434
Humidity.
**Wether.
2936
30.17 € 31.29
304
30,27
30.13
Ishigakijin
90.1%
Taihokup faichu Fainan Kashu
J02%
3007
3005
30.12
30.38
30:41
52
Sharp Penk Sharp Amoy
30.26
og
2.30
3921 1 70
0
2 p.
100
h
30.18.
INKA
30.10.
30.17
Fau la...
29,88
Canton Hongkong...
Vict in Puk Lip Rock... taiphong...
cncated
Avilo
8. James
. & Mrs, &. Chapman Major J. W. Ormiston lohigakijima! Mr. & Major A. A. Chicester R.A Lieut. A. Dymock, EA. Col & Mrs. G. II. Ferrier Major Freuch
Mr. E.
Dr. Kobart Gibson Mr. G. C. Lindsay Grant
Hardy Mr, T. Baines Hewitt Commander G. E. Hol-
lad, R.1.M.
Mrs. G. E. Holland and
children
Mrs. E. H. Jackson and
shi'd
Mr. H. U. Jeffries Mr. and Mrs. P. N. H.
Jones
Mr. Felix Kilian
Mrs. J. W. Ormiston Mr. J. Showell Plant Hon. H. E. Pollock, K.'. Major H. A. Pratt, E.A.
Me Pratt
Mr. T. H Roid Mr. Charles R. Scuti Mr. A. Sinclair -Mr. Carl W. Smith
Mr. W. O. C. Spin
bavor
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and child
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Mr. & Mrs. George T.
Hawloy
Mr. A. H. Hollingsworth
Mr. T. Adair
Mr Ed. Muelle, Consul
for Pera Air, F. Beibar Mr. Arch. Heid
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Der & Mra.' klomon Mr. B. H. Schneelock Mrs. Geo. Salinec Min. J. S. Smith
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CONFARENT House
Mr. J. Birbuck
Mr. G. T, Bean
20.55 29.57
04.
30th OCTOBER, Vladivostok 78. 30.21 20: 70 Namuro... Ba 30.28
..
Hakodate
3038
Tokyo Kochi
30.37
N
50R1
34.27
Oshima...... Naha NARE......|
30,18
18
3009
A
30.18
Txiehu
་་* ་*
3007
3007
30.10
3037
#
io.
3039 68 30.25 €2 ка 84 3,25 06
.68 | 85
30.54 09
30 22
3.21
alanda Bacolod.....
20.96
83.
iloilo
Cebu
21 90 83 22994.
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€ 10 B
Terad
ana..... Kochun Pescadoros Weiliwei... B
sharp Posk Anoy6.05 <wntow Canton ..... Hongkong
Vict' Peak Jap Kock...
acuo Haiphong...
עול
دن
NNR
HONGKONG TIDE TABLE. From 31st October to the 6th November,
(AMON WATER.
Blangkons
klean Titte, Height.
Low Ware
Hongkong
Menu Tr
31 15 43
57
14 31 19
&
1 m
6 40
3th
Mr E. Howard,
301.
fu
D
Mr. K: Kawata
7125
Mfr. 4. E. Lee
FLIG
m
5 B. Ta 196
Sir.
& Mrs.
L. Maraton
ied.
4
IM
0
Mr. D. C. Enigh
J. Paul Q
Q'Brien
1426
F
8 3 a
むし
Mr. & Mr. J. W. Brow- Mr. & Mrs Macartney
ated
Ligat... Campbell, Mr. J.
Сарт
R.E.
Devorey
Mrs, B. Dufour.
Mr. & Mrs. H. Eyre
Mr. & Mrs. Freyner Mr. G. T. Hare Mr. S. D. Hills Mr. R. F. Hums
Mr. H. M. Tibbay
Mr. T. 1yrwhitt
Mr. Verandart
Mr. & Mrs, D. P. Welch
Mr. W. H. Williama
Mr. R. Whitemor.
+
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Mr. H. K, Roberts
Mr. C. Coudy and two Mr. Rougean
children
Mr. Whiley Mr. Crego
Mr. L. Wilson Mr. Chok Kie Eo Mr. L. Young
often heard it said that those who criticise the success, the Prince of Monaco assured Bath, Weston-super-ware, Malvern, Hereford Mr. W. B. Gleason
the Imperial draughtanan, that there would methods of the revolutionary committees forget be no difficulty in arranging for the reptance the provocation to which they have been of the flag at the Ponca Congram, and charged subjected. So far as I at least am concerned, himself with the mission. Thus it happens that this is not so. We have to pass judgment on
on a question folt by all the congress to be one men, n
not on angels. And if outrage is met with of minor importance so great a combat has been outrage, and brutality with brutality, we may raised. The Price of Monaco has to justify his regrat, but we cannot wonder, and can hardly blame But, as I read the history of the last promise to the Emperor and try his hardest to secure the acceptance of the fag. Some rumour unhappy year, the revolutionary committees
of the Emperors act haring leaked out, several have done more than this, and worse, They of the Austrian papers published caricatures have deliberately got themselves to work violence, containing suggestions for the design, none of not for the purpose of repelling the violence of them very complimentary to the author. This their opponents, but for the purpose of provok decided the Emperor not to acknowledge the flag ing it. They thought, and with but too much until it had bean socepted, and thus to the curions reason, that, if Turkey was compelled in self-position of the war-lord of Europe designing a defence to send in large bodies of troops, peace fing was added that of his being afraid to excesses would assuredly to committed which stand sponsor to it. All this added to the would justly excite general horror. They have difficulties of the Prince of Monaco, and oven not shrunk from orimes agi inst the innocent in the fact that he had come round in his yacht to order to play upon the syn athias of the world Rouen to assist in influencing public opinion in For my own part, I can is more bring myself his favour could not prevent a great deal of to believe that methods I these, are morally opposition. The members of the congreis com- tolerable than I can, bri ig myself to speak plained that they had had no notice of the flag, without indignation of the hisgovernment which nor were they aware of the design. Although in quoted as their excuse. Between the two the the Emperor wasnut oliuially named as the author, very organisation of social life is lapsing into the fact zoon became common property. This led| dissolution; nor does it seem to possess any masy to express their view that, even were a flag resourses of recuperative vigour, which may necessary, they could not approve of ons produe anable it to throw off the mortal mailies by ed under sach auspices and presented to the which it is assailed. What, in these circum congress in such a fashion. The German de- stances, should be the polisy of this country?legated were not ready to support the flag, had In the opicion of the Government, the following while some of the French were roady to acquieres
OCUMENTAL
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HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SHIPA IN THE CHINA SQUADRON.
Alacrity, du patch-best, 1,700 tons, 10 gune, 4,000 h.p., Comdr.10. De Brook,, af Hongkong
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Thomas H. M. Jerram, Japan Algerine, sloop,П1,050 tons, 8 guns, 1,100, h.p.,
Comdr. Rowland Nugent, Jaspan
Amphitrite, let class oraisor. 11,000 tons, 18,000 hp. Capt. Charles Windham, 1.0.7.0. Hongkong Blenheim, 1st class cruiser,19,000 tone, 12 guns,
21,411 h.p., Capt. F. G. Stepferd, at Hongkong
Bramble, gunboat, 710 tons, 6 guus, 1,300 h.p..
Lieut. Comdr. C. O. M. Maldus, Bhangbai Britomart, gunboat, 710 tons, 6 guns, 1,806 h.p.,
Ident.-Comdr, Thos. D. Pratt, Bhanghai Cressy, cruiser, 12,000 tons, 14 guns, 21,000 h.p. Capt. Henry M. T. Tudor, Japan Eclipse, oruisor, 5,600 tons, 11 guns, Captain
Stokes, Japan
Espieglo, gunboat, 1,070 tons. 10 guns, Comdr.
Ernest G. Barton, at Weihaiwei
Fame, torpedo-boat destroyer, 360 tons, 6 guns, -
5.700 h.p., in resory
Fearless, cruiser, 443 tons. 12 guns, Capt.
Vaughan Lowes, Singapore
Glory, battleship, 12,950 tons, 16 guns, 13,500 -
h.p., Captain A. W. Carter, Hongkong Handy, torpedo-boat destroyer, 200 tons, 6 gume, 4.000 h.p., Lient.-Comdr. H. L Walls, Hongkong
Hart, torpedo-boat destroyer, 260 tons, 6 guns, 4,000 h.p., Lieut.-Comdr. A, B, Barker, at Hongkong
Humber, atoreship, 1,640 tons, Comdr. John D..
Daintree, Hongkong
•
Janus, torpedo-boat destroyer, 280 tons, € gans, 3,900 bp. Lieut.-Comdr. Cyril Aasar, Hongkong
Kinsha, river gunboat, 391 tons, Lieut.-Comdr.
G. B. Powell, on Yangtazo
Leviathan, cruiser, 14,100 tons, Capt. Hon. W.
G. Stopford, Japan
Moorhen, river gunboat, 180 tons, 2 guns, Lient-Comdr, G. G. Webster, West Liver Mutine, sloop, 980 tons, 10 guns, Conds. ✪.
W. M. Plondorleath, Welliniwei
Ocean, battleship, 12,950 toas, 16 guns, 18,500 i.h.p., Captain R. F. O. Foo e, Ú.M.G., Japaa
Otter, Corpedo-boat destroyer, 350 tons, Lieut.- Comdr. G. C. Codrington, Hongkong Phanix, sloop, 1,015 tons, 6 guns, 1,400 h.p.,
Comdr. W. H. Nicholson, Yaugteze Rambler, surveying ship, 583 tons, Capt. Morris
H. Smyth, Shanghai
Rinaldo, sloop, 080 tons, 6 guns, Comdr. D. St.
Aubyn Wake, Yangiaze
Robin, river gunboat, 85 tons, 2 guns, 240 h.p., Lient. Comdr. C. W. J. Howard, West
River
Horario, stoop, 980 tona, 6 guns, 11,400 h.p.,
Comdr. Thos. Jackson, Bangkok Sandpiper, river granboat, 35 tops, 2 guns, 240 h.p, Lieut. Comde, L. W. Jones, West River Sirius, 2nd class oraisor, 3,600 tons, Capt. C. I.
H. Moore, Shanghai
Buipe, river gun-boat, 65 tonn, 2 gans, 240 h.p., Laeut-Comdr. Ernest W. G. Davidson, on Yangisze
Sparrowhawk, torpédo-boat destroyer, 360 tons,
în reserve
Taku, torpedo-boat destroyar, 250 tons, 6 guns,
5,600 h.p., in reserve
Talbot, cruiser, 5,600 tons, 11 guns, 9,600 h.p.,
Capt. Lewis Bayley, Shanghai Tamar, receiving ship, 4,600 tons, & guns, Com-
modore Robinson, A.D.C., at Hongkong Teal, river gunboat, 180 tons, 2 gana, Lieut.-
Comir. E. F, R. Dugmore, on Yangtze Thotis, cruiser, 3,400 tons, Capt. J.” C. A.
Wilkinson, Shanghai
Tweed, gunboat, 382 ton", 3 guns, 200 h.p.,
on Yangleze
Vengeance, battleship, 12,950 tons, 12 guns,
13.500 1.b.p., Capt. L. C. Stuart, C.M.G. Woianiwei
Vastal, sloop, 980 tons, 10 guns, 1,500 h.p.,
Comdr. Stuart St. J. Farqubar. Shanghai Virago, torpedo-bost destroyer, 360 tons, in
reserve
Waterwitch, surveying ship, 620 tonn, 450 i.h.p.,
Comdr. E. C. Hardy, Waibaiwei Whiting torpedo-boat destroyer, 360 tons, 6
guns, 5,900 h.p., in reserve
Wivern, coast defence ship, armoured, 2,750 lous,
1,000 h p., in reserve, at Hongkong Woodcock, gunboat, 150 tons, 2 guns, 650 h.p...
Lient-Com. Hugh Somerville, Yangiste Woodlark, gunboat, 150 tons, 2 gnas, 550 b.p,
Liett-Com. Wason, Yangtzo
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